Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s

Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil（0–20 cm） organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that：（1） the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.（2） SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn＇t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.     

1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化(英文)

Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon(SOC) storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil(0–20 cm) organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that:(1) the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.(2) SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn't show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.     

Comparison of sampling schemes for spatial prediction of soil organic carbon in Northern China

Determining an optimal sample size is a key step in designing field surveys, and is particularly important for detecting the spatial pattern of highly variable properties such as soil organic carbon(SOC). Based on 550 soil sampling points in the nearsurface layer(0 to 20 cm) in a representative region of northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone, we studied effects of four interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging(OK), universal kriging(UK), inverse distance weighting(IDW) and radial basis function(RBF) and random subsampling(50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500) on the prediction accuracy of SOC estimation.When the Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI) and Shannon's Evenness Index(SHEI) was 2.01 and 0.67, the OK method appeared to be a superior method, which had the smallest root mean square error(RMSE) and the mean error(ME) nearest to zero. On the contrary, the UK method performed poorly for the interpolation of SOC in the present study. The sample size of 200 had the most accurate prediction; 50 sampling points produced the worst prediction accuracy. Thus, we used 200 samples to estimate the study area's soil organic carbon density(SOCD) by the OK method. The total SOC storage to a depth of 20 cm in the study area was 117.94 Mt, and its mean SOCD was 2.40 kg/m~2. The SOCD kg/(C·m~2) of different land use types were in the following order: woodland(3.29) grassland(2.35) cropland(2.19) sandy land(1.55).     

不同放牧强度对内蒙古锡林郭勒草原土壤有机碳的影响（英文）

Changes in soil organic carbon(SOC) in rangelands has been extensively investigated. Grazing in outlying rangeland areas has caused severe impacts on ecosystem functions. To reveal the effects of grazing on SOC, we evaluated the grassland in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, China. Grazing intensity was determined by using two image sets of vegetation index with normalized differences in grazing periods(July 12 th and 28th). The range of variation in vegetation index was then used to measure the grazing intensity. The SOC storage and density were obtained by conducting experiments on field soil samples. Results showed that 1) the grazing intensity in Xilin Gol League declined gradually from west to east; by contrast, the spatial distribution of SOC density increased gradually. 2) As grazing intensity increased, the carbon storage of rangeland decreased evidently. Minimum carbon storage was observed in grasslands classified under extreme overgrazing; by comparison, maximum values were found in areas classified under light overgrazing to moderate grazing. 3) The estimated soil carbon storage was 8.48 × 10~(11) kg, and the average carbon density was 4.08 kg/m~2. Our research demonstrated that grazing intensity likely affects soil carbon. Moderate grazing is an optimum strategy to maintain carbon storage and ensure sustainable grassland utilization.     

中国亚热带地区造林对土壤碳周转的影响

Afforestation in China’s subtropics plays an important role in sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere and in storage of soil carbon (C). Compared with natural forests,plantation forests have lower soil organic carbon (SOC) content and great potential to store more C. To better evaluate the effects of afforestation on soil C turnover,we investigated SOC and its stable C isotope (δ13C) composition in three planted forests at Qianyanzhou Ecological Experimental Station in southern China. Litter and soil samples were collected and analyzed for total organic C,δ13C and total nitrogen. Similarly to the vertical distribution of SOC in natural forests,SOC concentrations decrease exponentially with depth. The land cover type (grassland) before plantation had a significant influence on the vertical distribution of SOC. The SOC ?13C composition of the upper soil layer of two plantation forests has been mainly affected by the grass biomass 13C composition. Soil profiles with a change in photosynthetic pathway had a more complex 13C isotope composition distribution. During the 20 years after plantation establishment,the soil organic matter sources influenced both the δ13C distribution with depth,and C replacement. The upper soil layer SOC turnover in masson pine (a mean 34% of replacement in the 10 cm after 20 years) was more than twice as fast as that of slash pine (16% of replacement) under subtropical conditions. The results demonstrate that masson pine and slash pine plantations cannot rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools in subtropical China.     

Three-dimensional modelling of soil organic carbon density and carbon sequestration potential estimation in a dryland farming region of China

Soil organic carbon density(SOCD) and soil organic carbon sequestration potential(SOCP) play an important role in carbon cycle and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the majority of studies focused on a two-dimensional scale, especially lacking of field measured data. We employed the interpolation method with gradient plane nodal function(GPNF) and Shepard(SPD) across a range of parameters to simulate SOCD with a 40 cm soil layer depth in a dryland farming region(DFR) of China. The SOCP was estimated using a carbon saturation model. Results demonstrated the GPNF method was proved to be more effective in simulating the spatial distribution of SOCD at the vertical magnification multiple and search point values of 3.0×10~6 and 25, respectively. The soil organic carbon storage(SOCS) of 40 cm and 20 cm soil layers were estimated as 22.28×10~(11) kg and 13.12×10~(11) kg simulated by GPNF method in DFR. The SOCP was estimated as 0.95×10~(11) kg considered as a carbon sink at the 20–40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, the SOCP was estimated as –2.49×10~(11) kg considered as a carbon source at the 0–20 cm soil layer. This research has important values for the scientific use of soil resources and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.     

中国东部森林土壤腐殖碳组分纬度格局及其影响因素（英文）

Soil humic carbon is an important component of soil organic carbon(SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems. However, no study to date has investigated its geographical patterns and the main factors that influence it at a large scale, despite the fact that it is critical for exploring the influence of climate change on soil C storage and turnover. We measured levels of SOC, humic acid carbon(HAC), fulvic acid carbon(FAC), humin carbon(HUC), and extractable humus carbon(HEC) in the 0–10 cm soil layer in nine typical forests along the 3800-km North-South Transect of Eastern China(NSTEC) to elucidate the latitudinal patterns of soil humic carbon fractions and their main influencing factors. SOC, HAC, FAC, HUC, and HEC increased with increasing latitude(all P0.001), and exhibited a general trend of tropical subtropical temperate. The ratios of humic C fractions to SOC were 9.48%–12.27%(HAC), 20.68%–29.31%(FAC), and 59.37%–61.38%(HUC). Climate, soil texture, and soil microbes jointly explained more than 90% of the latitudinal variation in SOC, HAC, FAC, HEC, and HUC, and interactive effects were important. These findings elucidate latitudinal patterns of soil humic C fractions in forests at a large scale, and may improve models of soil C turnover and storage.     

Land use effects on soil organic carbon, nitrogen and salinity in saline-alkaline wetland

Land-use and soil management affects soil organic carbon （SOC） pools, nitrogen, salinity and the depth distribution. The objective of this study was to estimate land-use effects on the distribution of SOC, labile fractions C, nitrogen （N） and salinity in saline-alkaline wetlands in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Three land-use types were selected： intact saline-alkaline meadow wetland, artificial shrubbery （planting Tamarix） and farmland （cultivated for 18 years） of soils previously under meadow wetland. SOC, easily oxidized carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total N, NO3--N and salinity concentrations were measured. The results show that SOC and labile fraction carbon contents decreased significantly with increasing soil depth in the three land-use wetlands. The labile fraction carbon contents in the topsoil （0-20cm） in cultivated soils were significantly higher than that in intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil. The aboveground biomass and soil permeability were the primary influencing factors on the contents of SOC and the labile carbon in the intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil, however, the farming practice was a factor in cultivated soil. Agricultural measures can effectively reduce the salinity contents; however, it caused a significant increase of NO 3--N concentrations which posed a threat to groundwater quality in the study area.     

1980s-2010s中国陆地生态系统土壤碳储量的变化（英文）

Soil stores a large amount of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon(C) and plays an important role in maintaining global C balance. However, very few studies have addressed the regional patterns of soil organic carbon(SOC) storage and the main factors influencing its changes in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, especially using field measured data. In this study, we collected information on SOC storage in main types of ecosystems(including forest, grassland, cropland, and wetland) across 18 regions in China during the 1980 s(from the Second National Soil Survey of China, SNSSC) and the 2010 s(from studies published between 2004 and 2014), and evaluated its changing trends during these 30 years. The SOC storage(0–100 cm) in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was 83.46 ± 11.89 Pg C in the 1980 s and 86.50 ± 8.71 Pg C in the 2010 s, and the net increase over the 30 years was 3.04 ± 1.65 Pg C, with an overall rate of 0.101 ± 0.055 Pg C yr~(–1). This increase was mainly observed in the topsoil(0–20 cm). Forests, grasslands, and croplands SOC storage increased 2.52 ± 0.77, 0.40 ± 0.78, and 0.07 ± 0.31 Pg C, respectively, which can be attributed to the several ecological restoration projects and agricultural practices implemented. On the other hand, SOC storage in wetlands declined 0.76 ± 0.29 Pg C, most likely because of the decrease of wetland area and SOC density. Combining these results with those of vegetation C sink(0.100 Pg C yr~(–1)), the net C sink in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was about 0.201 ± 0.061 Pg C yr~(–1), which can offset 14.85%–27.79% of the fossil fuel C emissions from the 1980 s to the 2010 s. These first estimates of soil C sink based on field measured data supported the premise that China's terrestrial ecosystems have a large C sequestration potential, and further emphasized the importance of forest protection and reforestation to increase SOC storage capacity.     

Effects of land use and cultivation time on soil organic and inorganic carbon storage in deep soils

The vertical distribution and exchange mechanisms of soil organic and inorganic carbon(SOC, SIC) play an important role in assessing carbon(C) cycling and budgets. However, the impact of land use through time for deep soil C(below 100 cm) is not well known. To investigate deep C storage under different land uses and evaluate how it changes with time, we collected soil samples to a depth of 500 cm in a soil profile in the Gutun watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP); and determined SOC, SIC, and bulk density. The magnitude of SOC stocks in the 0–500 cm depth range fell into the following ranking: shrubland(17.2 kg m~(-2)) grassland(16.3 kg m~(-2)) forestland(15.2 kg m~(-2)) cropland(14.1 kg m~(-2)) gully land(6.4 kg m~(-2)). The ranking for SIC stocks were: grassland(104.1 kg m~(-2)) forestland(96.2 kg m~(-2)) shrubland(90.6 kg m~(-2)) cropland(82.4 kg m~(-2)) gully land(50.3 kg m~(-2)). Respective SOC and SIC stocks were at least 1.6-and 2.1-fold higher within the 100–500 cm depth range, as compared to the 0–100 cm depth range. Overall SOC and SIC stocks decreased significantly from the 5 th to the 15 th year of cultivation in croplands, and generally increased up to the 70 th year. Both SOC and SIC stocks showed a turning point at 15 years cultivation, which should be considered when evaluating soil C sequestration. Estimates of C stocks greatly depends on soil sampling depth, and understanding the influences of land use and time will improve soil productivity and conservation in regions with deep soils.     

The impact of land use/cover change on storage and quality of soil organic carbon in midsubtropical mountainous area of southern China

Land use/cover change (LUCC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The influence of converting native forest into plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land on stores and quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. The results showed that LUCC had led to great decreases in SOC stocks and quality. Considerable SOC and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) had been stored in the native forest (142.2 t hm?2 and 14.8 t hm?2 respectively). When the native forest was converted to plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land, the SOC stocks decreased by 25.6%, 28.7%, 38.0%, 31.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The LFOC stocks decreased by 52.2% to 57.2% when the native forest was converted to woodland plantations and secondary forest, and by 82.1% to 84.2% when converted to economic plantation, orchard and arable land. After the conversion, the ratios of LFOC to SOC (0–60 cm) decreased from 13.3% to about 3.0% to 10.7%. The SOC and LFOC stored at the upper 20 cm were more sensitive to LUCC when compared to the subsurface soil layer. Also, the decline in carbon storage induced by LUCC was greater than the global average level, it could be explained by the vulnerable natural environment and special human management practices. Thus, it is wise to enhance soil carbon sequestration, mitigate elevated atmospheric co2 and develop ecological services by protecting vulnerable environment, restoring vegetation coverage, and afforesting in mountainous area in mid-subtropics.     

中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响

通过对中亚热带山区天然林、人工林(用材林和经济林)、次生林、果园和坡耕地等7 种典型土地利用方式的土壤有机碳储量及质量的研究, 结果表明: 中亚热带山区天然林转变 为其他土地利用类型后, 土壤有机碳储量下降了25.6%~51.2%, 而表层0~20 cm 土壤有机碳 储量下降了45.1%~74.8%, 比底层土壤有机碳对土地利用变化的响应更为敏感。土壤轻组有机碳储量(0~60 cm) 下降了52.2%~84.2%, 轻组有机碳占总有机碳比例从13.3%降到3.0% ~10.7%, 比土壤总有机碳对土地利用变化更为敏感。天然林转变为其他土地利用类型后土壤 有机碳损失巨大的原因主要与凋落物归还数量及质量, 水土流失和经营措施对土壤(特别是表层土壤) 的扰动引起土壤有机质加速分解等因素有关。坡耕地人为干扰最严重, 土壤有机 碳下降幅度最大。中亚热带山区土地利用变化引起土壤有机碳储量下降幅度高于全球平均水平, 主要与区域降水和地貌条件有关。因此, 保护山区脆弱生态环境, 加强天然林保护和植 被恢复, 合理营造人工林, 减少耕作, 对山区土壤碳吸存、减缓大气CO₂ 浓度升高和气候变化以及促进山区可持续开发的生态服务功能发展都具有重要意义。     

中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响

Land use/cover change (LUCC) is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The influence of converting native forest into plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land on stores and quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. The results showed that LUCC had led to great decreases in SOC stocks and quality. Considerable SOC and light-fraction organic carbon (LFOC) had been stored in the native forest (142.2 t hm⁻² and 14.8 t hm⁻² respectively). When the native forest was converted to plantations, secondary forest, orchard and arable land, the SOC stocks decreased by 25.6%, 28.7%, 38.0%, 31.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The LFOC stocks decreased by 52.2% to 57.2% when the native forest was converted to woodland plantations and secondary forest, and by 82.1% to 84.2% when converted to economic plantation, orchard and arable land. After the conversion, the ratios of LFOC to SOC (0–60 cm) decreased from 13.3% to about 3.0% to 10.7%. The SOC and LFOC stored at the upper 20 cm were more sensitive to LUCC when compared to the subsurface soil layer. Also, the decline in carbon storage induced by LUCC was greater than the global average level, it could be explained by the vulnerable natural environment and special human management practices. Thus, it is wise to enhance soil carbon sequestration, mitigate elevated atmospheric CO₂ and develop ecological services by protecting vulnerable environment, restoring vegetation coverage, and afforesting in mountainous area in mid-subtropics. Foundation: Supported by the Key Project of Ministry of Education of China, No.JA04166 Author: Yang Yusheng (1964–), Professor, specialized in carbon and nitrogen cycles of forest.     

浑善达克沙地土地沙漠化过程中土壤粒度与养分变化研究

浑善达克沙地土壤空间异质性大,流动沙丘粒度组成和非沙漠化土地养分含量都存在极显著差异。随着土地沙漠化的发展,土壤表层通常形成粗化层,土壤中的重要养分有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）的含量显著下降,且SOC含量比TN含量存在更大的空间差异和随沙漠化土地发展更快的下降速率,致使土壤表层C/N值存在明显下降趋势。沙漠化土地表层土壤中SOC含量和TN含量与土壤粘粒含量和粗粉沙含量之间存在很好的相关性,尤其与土壤粘粒含量的相关性非常高;而且与TN含量的相关性高于与SOC含量的相关性。各种原因引起的土壤风蚀是造成沙漠化发展中土壤过程的主要动力因素,严重影响着土壤的稳定与土壤细物质和养分的迁移。     

卧龙自然保护区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响

森林景观受干扰后的次生演替、人工林种植与农业耕作等在许多方面影响着土壤性质的变化。研究选取了四川卧龙自然保护区作为研究地点 ,阐述湿润高山区的土地利用方式与土壤性质之间的关系。选择了六种典型的土地利用方式加以比较 ,方差分析结果表明 ,不同土地利用之间土壤容重、全氮、有机碳、速效磷、速效钾的含量差异显著。相比之下 ,农田土壤养分含量偏低 ,而灌丛有着较高的有机碳、总氮与有效氮含量。 0～ 4 0cm土壤碳的储量变化幅度不大。综合土壤退化指数表明 ,坡耕地 ,撂荒地与人工林有土壤退化的趋势 ,而灌丛与次生林对土壤的性质有着改善的作用。人工林年龄与土壤有机碳、有机氮的含量正相关。     

中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤CO2排放的影响

对中亚热带山区天然常绿阔叶林、次生常绿阔叶林、人工林(针叶林和阔叶林)、柑橘园和坡耕地等典型土地利用方式土壤CO₂排放连续3a定位观测,结果表明:天然林改为其它土地利用方式后,土壤CO₂排放量显著减少32%~63%,主要原因为地上凋落物归还量减少,地下细根生物量和周转下降,频繁人为干扰和严重水土流失引起土壤有机碳库数量和质量大幅下降。本区天然林改为次生(人工)林,土壤CO₂排放量减幅(32%~48%)高出热带平均水平(29%),改为农业用地,土壤CO₂排放量减幅(50%~63%)高出全球平均水平(33%)。     

中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响

土地利用变化是全球环境变化的重要组成部分,其可以直接影响到土壤性质的变化。本研究通过中亚热带山区天然林、人工林(用材林和经济林)、次生林、农业用地(橘园和坡耕地)等7种典型土地利用方式土壤性质的研究,结果表明:土地利用变化后土壤有机质和全氮含量下降幅度分别达到52.2%~81.8%和57.9%~172.6%;同时土壤容重增加,pH值升高。而土地利用变化对土壤全磷、全钾的影响的规律较为不明显。综合比较中国区域土地利用变化对土壤性质变化的影响,其中20~25°N纬度带土壤物理化学性质变化幅度最大。     

1980-2010年安徽省土壤有机碳密度及储量时空变化分析

利用安徽省第二次土壤普查资料和2010-2011年土壤调查数据,运用GIS技术,研究1980-2010年安徽省表层（0~20 cm）和1 m土体中土壤有机碳（SOC）密度和储量的时空变化,并探讨土地利用变化对SOC储量变化的影响。研究表明：① 1980-2010年安徽省表层和1 m土体中SOC密度平均减少0.37 kg/m²和1.63 kg/m²,但耕地的SOC密度增加。② 1980-2010年,全省SOC密度空间变化呈现北增南减的趋势,且增加幅度由北向南依次减小。表层和1 m土体的SOC密度增加的面积为56.97%和58.21%。③ 1980-2010年,全省表层SOC储量减少34.23×10⁹ kg,1 m土体中SOC储量减少197.26×10⁹ kg。淮北平原、江淮丘陵岗地和沿江平原的SOC储量增加,皖西大别山区和皖南丘陵山区减少。④ 非耕地转换为耕地,比保持用地类型不变或变为其他非耕地类型,SOC密度和储量减少较慢。耕地类型内部转换（水田和旱地间转换）比保持类型不变的SOC密度和储量增加较多。研究成果为区域土壤固碳潜力、土壤肥力变化等研究提供科学依据。     

肯尼亚东Mau森林保护区土壤有机碳和全氮储量建模与制图（英文）

Detailed knowledge about the estimates and spatial patterns of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) stocks is fundamental for sustainable land management and climate change mitigation.This study aimed at:(1) mapping the spatial patterns,and(2) quantifying SOC and TN stocks to 30 cm depth in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve using field,remote sensing,geographical information systems(GIS),and statistical modelling approaches.This is a critical ecosystem offering essential services,but its sustainability is threatened by deforestation and degradation.Results revealed that elevation,silt content,TN concentration,and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager band 11 explained 72% of the variability in SOC stocks,while the same factors(except silt content) explained 71% of the variability in TN stocks.The results further showed that soil properties,particularly TN and SOC concentrations,were more important than that other environmental factors in controlling the observed patterns of SOC and TN stocks,respectively.Forests stored the highest amounts of SOC and TN(3.78 Tg C and 0.38 Tg N) followed by croplands(2.46 Tg C and 0.25 Tg N) and grasslands(0.57 Tg C and 0.06 Tg N).Overall,the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve stored approximately 6.81 Tg C and 0.69 Tg N.The highest estimates of SOC and TN stocks(hotspots) occurred on the western and northwestern parts where forests dominated,while the lowest estimates(coldspots) occurred on the eastern side where croplands had been established.Therefore,the hotspots need policies that promote conservation,while the coldspots need those that support accumulation of SOC and TN stocks.     

疏勒河源冻土区高寒草甸土壤碳氮含量特征

土壤碳氮是高寒植被响应多年冻土区生态环境变化的重要营养和能源物质,但对其调查仍以生长季的单次采样为主,缺乏对其他季节的研究,这对于准确把握多年冻土区土壤碳氮含量及储量评估存在明显局限性。为此,本研究以青藏高原东北缘祁连山西段疏勒河源多年冻土区高寒草甸为对象,对0—50 cm土层土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon, SOC）、全氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）含量及其比值（C/N）的剖面分布和季节变化及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）SOC、TN剖面分布规律一致,0—10 cm土层均显著高于10—50 cm各层（P<0.05）,0—50 cm深度仅秋季逐渐下降,而春夏冬季0—30 cm递减。（2）SOC、TN含量存在季节变化,SOC表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,TN表现为春秋冬季含量一致,夏季略低。（3）C/N季节变化显著,夏季显著最高,秋季显著最低（P<0.05）。（4）土壤含水量和生物量是影响SOC、TN及C/N剖面分布和季节变化的关键因素。（5）夏季土壤碳氮密度均高于全年平均。可见,仅单一节点（生长季为主）调查以表征全年土壤碳氮储量存在高估趋势。