Photographic Postcards and Visual Urban Landscape

Picture postcards are visual data that have great utility in urban research. This Research Note examines the use and application of photographic postcards to urban landscape analysis through a case study in Agua Prieta, Sonora, Mexico on the U.S. border directly across from Douglas, Arizona. Postcards are especially valuable for visualizing landscape change in cities. Arranged and analyzed systematically, picture postcards permit the researcher to visualize a serial view of people and place, thereby enhancing our understanding of landscape change. Serial visual imagery presents a quality to seeing urban landscape that is difficult to achieve with more conventional historic photographs or from land use data like maps and archival records alone.     

Map Use by Adults with Visual Impairments

In this paper we summarize five experiments that were designed to investigate how tactile maps contribute to the cognitive maps of people with visual impairments. In two experiments we demonstrated that tactile maps can contribute to peoples' ability to learn a route through an unfamiliar area. From the results of two further studies, we argue that compared to people with sight, people with visual impairments have greater difficulty encoding information from a map. We considered this directly in a fifth experiment by investigating how people with visual impairments search and learn a map. We found that they used less efficient strategies than people with sight. We conclude that tactile maps are an important source of geographical information when people need to learn about new environments, but we also point out that to benefit most from tactile maps people need to encode the map information as effectively as possible. As people with visual impairments do not always use the most appropriate encoding strategies we suggest that tactile map users might benefit from greater experience and training in map encoding strategies.     

Map Use by Adults with Visual Impairments

In this paper we summarize five experiments that were designed to investigate how tactile maps contribute to the cognitive maps of people with visual impairments. In two experiments we demonstrated that tactile maps can contribute to peoples' ability to learn a route through an unfamiliar area. From the results of two further studies, we argue that compared to people with sight, people with visual impairments have greater difficulty encoding information from a map. We considered this directly in a fifth experiment by investigating how people with visual impairments search and learn a map. We found that they used less efficient strategies than people with sight. We conclude that tactile maps are an important source of geographical information when people need to learn about new environments, but we also point out that to benefit most from tactile maps people need to encode the map information as effectively as possible. As people with visual impairments do not always use the most appropriate encoding strategies we suggest that tactile map users might benefit from greater experience and training in map encoding strategies.     

Visual assessment of the Australian Land Erodibility Model

There is a growing requirement for techniques to assess land susceptibility to wind erosion, i.e. land erodibility, over large geographic areas (>10⁴ km²). This requirement stems from a lack of wind erosion research between the field (10¹ km²) and regional scales, and a need to evaluate the performance of spatially explicit wind erosion models across these scales. This paper addresses this issue by presenting a methodology for monitoring land erodibility at the landscape scale (10³ km²). First, we define criteria suitable for evaluating land erodibility based on empirical relationships between soil texture, vegetation cover, geomorphology, and wind erosion. The criteria were used to visually assess land erodibility over long distances (10³ km) using vehicle-based transects run through the rangelands of western Queensland, Australia. Application of the data for testing the performance of a spatially explicit land erodibility model (AUSLEM) is then demonstrated by comparing the visual assessments of land erodibility with the model output. The model performed best in the west of the study area in the open rangelands. In regions with higher woody shrub and tree cover the model performance decreases. This highlights the need for research to better parameterise controls on erodibility in semi-arid landscapes consisting of forested and rangeland mosaics.     

恐怖主义研究热点与前沿可视化分析

随着恐怖主义的快速发展,国际上对恐怖主义的研究也“水涨船高”,对恐怖主义研究的热点和前沿进行分析,有利于把握恐怖主义研究动态和方向,对研究者来讲具有重要的指导意义。文中通过文献计量的方法,借助CiteSpace文本挖掘工具,运用共被引分析、词频分析、时空序列和膨胀词探测分析等方法对恐怖主义研究的8216篇文献进行分析归纳,总结了恐怖主义研究的知识基础、主要研究视角、不同时期的研究热点和恐怖主义研究的前沿发展趋势。     

Remaking the Anglophilic city: Visual spectacles in suburbia

Abstract:   In the late 1990s, the residents of the Christchurch suburb of Halswell began to extensively engage in the practice of adorning their homes with Christmas lights. While the lights attract many visitors from other parts of the city, many Christchurch people are highly critical of them on grounds of taste. An exploration of the diverse attitudes toward this cultural practice demonstrates the complex ways in which local urban identities are articulated. While the Christmas lights reproduce processes of suburban social conformity and normativity, they also constitute a more postmodern site in which the established heritage meanings of Christchurch based on notions of Englishness are disrupted.     

Visual analytics of delays and interaction in movement data

The analysis of interaction between movement trajectories is of interest for various domains when movement of multiple objects is concerned. Interaction often includes a delayed response, making it difficult to detect interaction with current methods that compare movement at specific time intervals. We propose analyses and visualizations, on a local and global scale, of delayed movement responses, where an action is followed by a reaction over time, on trajectories recorded simultaneously. We developed a novel approach to compute the global delay in subquadratic time using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). Central to our local analysis of delays is the computation of a matching between the trajectories in a so-called delay space. It encodes the similarities between all pairs of points of the trajectories. In the visualization, the edges of the matching are bundled into patches, such that shape and color of a patch help to encode changes in an interaction pattern. To evaluate our approach experimentally, we have implemented it as a prototype visual analytics tool and have applied the tool on three bidimensional data sets. For this we used various measures to compute the delay space, including the directional distance, a new similarity measure, which captures more complex interactions by combining directional and spatial characteristics. We compare matchings of various methods computing similarity between trajectories. We also compare various procedures to compute the matching in the delay space, specifically the Fréchet distance, dynamic time warping (DTW), and edit distance (ED). Finally, we demonstrate how to validate the consistency of pairwise matchings by computing matchings between more than two trajectories.     

基于CiteSpace的粤港澳研究脉络可视化分析

利用文献计量和可视化工具CiteSpace,对1988—2020年粤港澳研究从科研机构、学者合作等横向特征以及文献数量演化、研究领域及研究热点迁移等纵向特征进行分析.研究发现:1)科研机构类型多样,以中山大学、暨南大学、广东外语外贸大学等高校为主导,且集中于广东省内;机构间初步形成合作关系网,但合作强度不高.2)个别学...     

基于多尺度DTM的坡式梯田三维可视化研究

针对黄土高原梯田可视化问题,以往的相关研究基本解决了水平梯田的三维可视化,但关于坡式梯田的研究尚为空白。坡式梯田因其具备更加突出的人工微地形特性,难以通过传统的DEM可视化方法实现其三维可视化。该文提出了多尺度DTM叠加法,利用偏移线法、高程增量法等方法提取田埂坡度特征,将研究区的低分辨率格网DEM(G-DEM)、坡式梯田分布区的高分辨率坡度DTM及G-DEM融合为一体,对坡式梯田进行三维叠加可视化。与传统G-DEM可视化方法相比,多尺度DTM叠加可视化法不仅所需数据存储量更小,而且具备更加逼真的坡式梯田三维可视化效果,能够有效显示坡式梯田的平坦田面和陡直田埂,是对基于DEM的梯田地形三维可视化的有益探索。     

基于视觉显著性和特征整合的感兴趣区域检测

根据人类视觉感知理论,提出了一种基于视觉显著性和特征整合的感兴趣区域检测方法。首先提取亮度、纹理、梯度和方向4种遥感图像的显著特征,构造相应的特征图;然后利用一种结合局部与全局显著性的新的显著性度量策略计算各特征图的显著性;采用强度对比方式将特征显著图加权合并为一幅总显著图,最后通过区域提取方法将显著区域提取出来,即得到感兴趣区域。实验结果表明,该方法能准确快速地定位显著区域,且能精确刻画区域轮廓,取得了较为满意的检测和兴趣度量结果。     

地下水资源信息化管理的可视化技术应用

该文在总结概述空间数据可视化概念和意义的基础上 ,讨论基于可视化技术的地下水资源信息空间数据库的设计思路 ,提出了地下水资源信息化管理的可视化技术的应用方案 ,介绍了基于数据库的可视化管理系统的设计思路和主要功能。     

Visual simulation of regional development differentiation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region

Regional development differentiation is a complicated spatial and temporal dynamic process. Recent developments in spatial statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have led to an increasing interest in quantitative analysis and visualization of the process. However, so far, few direct connections have been made between the newly developed methods and classic spatial development theories, which would be very helpful for the interpretation and understanding of regional spatiotemporal differentiation. Using basic concepts and academic principles of polarized growth theory and gradient transfer theory, this paper quantifies the concept of regional development space. It then proposes a method based on GIS to visually simulate and analyze regional development spatiotemporal differentiation through a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region (BTHMR), China. The main research results are as follows. 1) The proposed method, built on classic theories and well-developed GIS technology, presents a good picture of regional development spatiotemporal differentiation. 2) The levels of regional development, in terms of per capita GDP across BTHMR, diminished significantly with increased distances away from city propers (which can be seen as the regional growth poles), leading to the appearance of development valley zones between different cities. The development valley zones between each city coincided with their boundary areas, which indicates that administrative boundaries have some impact on regional development, if the regional division is based on administrative boundaries. 3) From 1993 to 2007, the development level in the whole BTHMR improved significantly, of which polarized growth was dominant, especially for Beijing and Tianjin. However, as the two economic development engines in BTHMR, the pull effects of both Beijing and Tianjin on their peripheral areas were comparatively weak, except for those on Tangshan. 4) The structure and pattern of gradient transfer and balanced development in the BTHMR had not been completely developed yet, and the sustained polarized development of the regional economy in BTHMR was still going to be the main trend in the next 5–10 years.     

基于科学知识图谱的干旱区城镇化文献计量分析

通过CiteSpace对1984—2020年中国知网(CNKI)中干旱区城镇化研究的2703篇文献进行分析,利用发文时间分布、作者与机构共现、关键词共现和突现词检测分析了干旱区城镇化研究的发文趋势、阶段划分、核心作者与机构网络、主题演变与历史热点.相关研究的发文量先升后降,可以划分出萌芽、快速、蓬勃、成熟4个时期.涌现...     

Race/Ethnicity in Visual Imagery of Dutch Nature Conservation Organizations

Nature conservation organizations in various Western countries, including the Netherlands, have noted that racial/ethnic minorities compared to Whites are “underparticipating” in recreation in natural areas and in nature conservation practices. Previous research trying to explain (under-)participation by racial/ethnic minorities in outdoor recreation and nature conservation mainly focused on characteristics of racial/ethnic groups. This study argues that nature conservation organizations themselves—although in all likelihood unintentionally—may play a role in participation of racial/ethnic minorities as well, through their promotional material. A content analysis of 22,974 pictures in magazines and on websites of four large Dutch nature conservation organizations shows that only 3.8% of the depicted people were non-White. Our results indicate that visual imagery of nature conservation organizations, at least in the Netherlands, (re)produces an image of outdoor recreation and nature conservation as being activities almost exclusively performed by Whites.