The Cariris Velhos tectonic event in Northeast Brazil

The Borborema Province in northeastern South America is a typical Brasiliano-Pan-African branching system of Neoproterozoic orogens that forms part of the Western Gondwana assembly. The province is positioned between the São Luis-West Africa craton to the north and the São Francisco (Congo-Kasai) craton to the south. For this province the main characteristics are (a) its subdivision into five major tectonic domains, bounded mostly by long shear zones, as follows: Médio Coreaú, Ceará Central, Rio Grande do Norte, Transversal, and Southern; (b) the alternation of supracrustal belts with reworked basement inliers (Archean nuclei + Paleoproterozoic belts); and (c) the diversity of granitic plutonism, from Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian ages, that affect supracrustal rocks as well as basement inliers. Recently, orogenic rock assemblages of early Tonian (1000–920 Ma) orogenic evolution have been recognized, which are restricted to the Transversal and Southern domains of the Province.Within the Transversal Zone, the Alto Pajeú terrane locally includes some remnants of oceanic crust along with island arc and continental arc rock assemblages, but the dominant supracrustal rocks are mature and immature pelitic metasedimentary and metavolcaniclastic rocks. Contiguous and parallel to the Alto Pajeú terrane, the Riacho Gravatá subterrane consists mainly of low-grade metamorphic successions of metarhythmites, some of which are clearly turbiditic in origin, metaconglomerates, and sporadic marbles, along with interbedded metarhyolitic and metadacitic volcanic or metavolcaniclastic rocks. Both terrane and subterrane are cut by syn-contractional intrusive sheets of dominantly peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline, granititic to granodioritic metaplutonic rocks. The geochemical patterns of both supracrustal and intrusive rocks show similarities with associations of mature continental arc volcano-sedimentary sequences, but some subordinate intra-plate characteristics are also found.In both the Alto Pajeú and Riacho Gravatá terranes, TIMS and SHRIMP U–Pb isotopic data from zircons from both metavolcanic and metaplutonic rocks yield ages between 1.0 and 0.92 Ga, which define the time span for an event of orogenic character, the Cariris Velhos event. Less extensive occurrences of rocks of Cariris Velhos age are recognized mainly in the southernmost domains of the Province, as for example in the Poço Redondo-Marancó terrane, where arc-affinity migmatite-granitic and meta-volcano-sedimentary rocks show U–Pb ages (SHRIMP data) around 0.98–0.97 Ga. For all these domains, Sm–Nd data exhibit T_DM model ages between 1.9 and 1.1 Ga with corresponding slightly negative to slightly positive ε_Nd(t) values. These domains, along with the Borborema Province as a whole, were significantly affected by tectonic and magmatic events of the Brasiliano Cycle (0.7–0.5 Ga), so that it is possible that there are some other early Tonian rock assemblages which were completely masked and hidden by these later Brasiliano events.Cariris Velhos processes are younger than the majority of orogenic systems at the end of Mesoproterozoic Era and beginning of Neoproterozoic throughout the world, e.g. Irumide belt, Kibaride belt and Namaqua-Natal belt, and considerably younger than those of the youngest orogenic process (Ottawan) in the Grenvillian System. Therefore, they were probably not associated with the proposed assembly of Rodinia. We suggest, instead, that Cariris Velhos magmatism and tectonism could have been related to a continental margin magmatic arc, with possible back-arc associations, and that this margin may have been a short-lived (<100 m.y.) leading edge of the newly assembled Rodinia supercontinent.     

小秦岭太华杂岩副片麻岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及其地质意义

小秦岭地区是华北克拉通南缘早前寒武纪基底重要分布区,可见大量构造抬升剥露的基底结晶杂岩带。太华杂岩是小秦岭出露最古老的地质体,对于探讨华北克拉通南缘早期地壳形成和演化及其构造归属等问题具有重要意义。在小秦岭地区,太华杂岩被划分为正片麻岩系和以孔兹岩系为主的表壳岩。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法测得小秦岭地区太华杂岩表壳岩中黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石的源区物质主要形成于2.40～2.11 Ga,经历了两期的古元古代晚期变质事件（～2.04 Ga和～1.91 Ga）,限定该套表壳岩的沉积时代介于2.11～1.91 Ga。结合锆石Hf同位素特征,我们认为该表壳岩的碎屑物质可能主要来自中条山的涑水杂岩体及绛县杂岩体、熊耳花岗岩体、小秦岭古元古代花岗岩体等,其初始的源区物质可能为太华杂岩的新太古代正片麻岩系。此外,本研究揭示华北中部造山带可能记录了一个长达约250 Ma（～2.05～1.8 Ga）持续的俯冲-碰撞过程。     

喜马拉雅地体的泛非-早古生代造山事件年龄记录

喜马拉雅地体是55±10Ma以来印度陆块与欧亚大陆碰撞而形成的增生地体,位于其中的高喜马拉雅与特提斯-喜马拉雅构造单元的变质基底主要由角闪岩相的富铝变质沉积岩和花岗质片麻岩组成。对两类岩石中锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb测年结果表明,除了记录了20Ma以来的构造事件年龄外,主要保存了529-457Ma的变形和变质事件记录,另外还保存了更早期(>835Ma)的年龄信息。根据20Ma以来崛起的喜马拉雅挤出岩片中包含早期强烈褶皱和向南的斜向逆冲构造以及伴随的角闪岩相变质作用记录,结合岩石测年所获得的大量泛非-早古生代年龄和奥陶纪底砾岩的发现,说明曾位于南半球印度陆块北部的变质基底岩石经历过泛非-早古生代造山事件,同位素年代学数据表明:(1)原始喜马拉雅山是泛非-早古生代造山事件的产物;(2)印度陆块早-中元古代变质基底的再活化在原始喜马拉雅山形成中起重要的作用;(3)现在的喜马拉雅山是在泛非-早古生代造山事件基础上再造山的结果。     

四川米易垭口地区前震旦纪五马箐组与其侵入岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD

在扬子板块西缘断续分布有多套变质沉积岩系,厘定区内不同岩石单元的时代对于探讨扬子西缘的构造演化具有重要意义。本文对出露于扬子板块西缘米易垭口地区的五马箐组变沉积岩以及侵入其中的片麻状黑云二长花岗岩体进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素分析。结果表明:区内五马箐组的沉积时代介于1.19~1.01Ga,其地层归属为会理群而非康定群,位于五马箐组之下的“冷竹关组”并非变沉积地层而是一套片麻状黑云二长花岗岩体。五马箐组碎屑锆石年龄存在~1.56Ga、~2.50Ga两个主要峰值以及~1.43Ga、~1.68Ga、~1.87Ga、~2.32Ga、~2.68Ga五个次要峰值,推断其物质来源主要为扬子板块西南缘的撮科杂岩、隐伏的或还暂未发现的太古代基底岩石、同时期岩浆岩和早期变沉积岩的再循环。碎屑锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值在~1.7Ga发生了显著变化,暗示扬子板块西缘的构造体制由陆壳汇聚向裂谷活动转变,且在~1.56Ga处于裂谷岩浆活动的峰期。花岗岩体正的ε_(Hf)(t)值反映出扬子板块西缘在~1.0Ga有一次新生陆壳生长事件,可能是格林威尔造山后的伸展塌陷构造背景下裂谷岩浆活动的产物。     

Precambrian history of the Zona Transversal of the Borborema Province,NE Brazil: Insights from Sm–Nd and U–Pb geochronology

The Borborema Province has three major subprovinces. The northern subprovince lies north of the Patos shear zone and is comprised of Paleoproterozoic cratonic basement with Archean nuclei, plus overlying Neoproterozoic supracrustal rocks and Brasiliano plutonic rocks. The central subprovince occurs between the Patos and Pernambuco shear zones and is mainly comprised of the Zona Transversal. The southern subprovince occurs between the Pernamabuco shear zone and the São Francisco craton and is comprised of a tectonic collage of various blocks, terranes, or domains ranging in age from Archean to Neoproterozoic. This report focuses on the Zona Transversal, especially on Brasiliano rocks for which we have the most new information.Paleoproterozoic gneisses with ages of 2.0–2.2 Ga occur discontinuously throughout the Zona Transversal. The Cariris Velhos suite consists of metavolcanic, metasedimentary, and metaplutonic rocks yielding U–Pb zircon ages of 995–960 Ma. This suite is mainly confined to a 100 km wide belt that extends for more than 700 km within the Alto Pajeú terrane. Sm–Nd model ages in metaigneous rocks cluster about 1.3–1.6 Ga, indicating that older crust was involved in genesis of their magmas. Brasiliano supracrustal rocks dominate the Piancó-Alto Brígida terrane, and they probably also constitute significant parts of the Alto Pajeú and Rio Capibaribe terranes. They are only slightly older than early stages of Brasiliano plutonism, with detrital zircon ages at least as young as 620 Ma; most T_DM ages range from 1.2 to 1.6 Ga.Brasiliano plutons range from ca. 640 to 540 Ma, and their T_DM ages range from 1.2 to 2.5 Ga. Previous workers have shown significant correlations among U–Pb ages, Sm–Nd model ages, petrology, and geochemistry, and we are able to reinforce and extend these correlations. Stage I plutons formed 640–610 Ma and have T_DM ages less than 1.5 Ga. Stage II (610–590 Ma) contains few plutons, but coincides with the peak of compressional deformation, metamorphism, and formation of migmatites. Stage III plutons (590 to ca. 575 Ma) have older T_DM ages (ca. 1.8–2.0 Ga), as do Stage IV plutons (575 to ca. 550 Ma; T_DM from 1.9 to 2.4 Ga). Stage III plutons formed during the transition from compressional to transcurrent deformation, while Stage IV plutons are mainly post-tectonic. Stage V plutons (550–530 Ma) are commonly undeformed (except along younger shear zones) and have A-type geochemistry. The five stages have distinct geochemical properties, which suggest that the tectonic settings evolved from early, arc-related magma-genesis (Stage I) to within-plate magma-genesis (Stage V), with perhaps some intermediate phases of extensional environments.     

Petrology of calc-alkaline/adakitic basement hosting A-type Neoproterozoic granites of the Malani igneous suite in Nagar Parkar,SE Sindh,Pakistan

The Nagar Parkar area contains three distinct groups of rocks, from oldest to youngest, (1) basement rocks ranging in composition from mafic to (quartz)diorite, tonalite, granite, and younger granodiorite, (2) granite plutons similar in general features to those of the Malani Igneous Suite of Rajasthan, and (3) abundant mafic, felsic and rhyolitic dykes. The basement rocks show strong brittle and local plastic deformation, and epidote amphibolite/upper greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. The chemistry of the basement rocks contrasts the commonly agreed within plate A-type character of the Neoproterozoic granites (group 2) that are emplaced into them. The basement rock association is calc-alkaline; the granodiorite displays the compositional characteristics of adakites, whereas the tonalite has intermediate composition between typical adakite and classical island arc rocks. This paper presents detailed petrography of the basement rocks and compares their geochemistry with those of the group 2 granites as well as with rocks from other tectonic environments. It is proposed that the Nagar Parkar basement is part of a 900–840 Ma magmatic arc that was deformed before it was intruded 800–700 Ma ago by the A-type continental granitic rocks followed by mafic to felsic dykes.     

Timing of Proterozoic magmatism in the Sunsas belt,Bolivian Precambrian Shield,SW Amazonian Craton

We present new U-Pb zircon and monazite ages from the Sunsas belt granitic magmatism in Bolivia,SW Amazonian Craton.The geochronological results revealed four major magmatic events recorded along the Sunsas belt domains.The older igneous event formed a granitic basement coeval to the Rio Apa Terrane(1.95-1.85 Ga)in the southern domain.The second magmatic episode is represented by 1.68 Ga granites associated to the Paraguá Terrane(1.69-1.66 Ga)in the northern domain.The 1.37-1.34 Ga granites related to San Ignacio orogeny represent the third and more pervasive magmatic event,recorded throughout the Sunsas belt.Moreover,magmatic ages of～1.42 Ga revealed that the granitogenesis asso-ciated to the Santa Helena orogeny also affected the Sunsas belt,indicating that it was not restricted to the Jauru Terrane.Lastly,the 1.10-1.04 Ga youngest magmatism was developed during the Sunsas oro-geny and represents the final magmatic evolution related to Rodinia assembly.Likewise,the 1.95-1.85 and 1.68 Ga inherited zircon cores obtained in the～1.3 Ga and 1.0 Ga granite samples suggest strong par-tial melting of the Paleoproterozoic sources.The 1079±14 Ma and 1018±6 Ma monazite crystallization ages can be correlated to the collisional tectono-thermal event of the Sunsas orogeny,associated to reac-tions of medium-to high-grade metamorphism.Thus,the Sunsas belt was built by heterogeneous 1.95-1.85 Ga and 1.68 Ga crustal fragments that were reworked at 1.37-1.34 Ga and 1.10-1.04 Ga related to orogenic collages.Furthermore,the 1.01 Ga monazite age suggests that granites previously dated by zir-con can bear evidence of a younger thermal history.Therefore,the geochronological evolution of the Sunsas belt may have been more complex than previously thought.     

华北西部贺兰山中段黄旗口花岗岩成因及地质意义

华北克拉通孔兹岩带内发育类型复杂的各类岩石,是记录和反演华北西部早期块体拼合以及岩浆作用、变质演化的重要对象,而其中段发育的出露面积广阔、岩性复杂的黄旗口花岗岩体的研究还较为薄弱.在野外地质和岩相学研究基础上,主要报道了贺兰山中段黄旗口花岗岩的主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成,对岩体的源区特征、成因及地质意义进行了探讨.黄旗口复式花岗岩体主要由早期正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩和晚期英云闪长岩组成.两期岩体具有高K₂O（2.97%~6.71%）含量,A/CNK均大于1.1,但晚期侵入单元较早期岩石更贫硅、富铝.两期岩体都表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的特点,且强烈富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素.岩石87Sr/86Sr初始比值变化范围较大,可能是后期改造的结果;ε_Nd（t）变化在+1.81~+4.90,对应的Nd同位素模式年龄T_DM1为2.10~2.37 Ga,T_DM2为2.10~2.35 Ga.这些特征表明黄旗口岩体为S型花岗岩,可能来自该区归属于孔兹岩的赵池沟组岩系的部分熔融,并可能有地幔岩浆的参与.结合区域变质、岩浆事件的综合研究成果,认为黄旗口不同期次的花岗岩具有造山带花岗岩的特征,分别形成于阴山地块和鄂尔多斯地块碰撞拼合以及造山后伸展的不同阶段.      

Geological context of crustal anatexis and granitic magmatism in the northeastern Glenelg River Complex,western Victoria

The Cambro‐Ordovician Glenelg River Complex in the Harrow district, western Victoria, consists of extensive granitic rocks associated with a migmatitic metasedimentary envelope. Metasedimentary rocks comprise amphibolite facies massive‐laminated quartzo‐feldspathic schists and layered gneisses with minor sillimanite‐bearing horizons. Intercalated are stromatic and nebulitic migmatites of granitic and tonalitic character; textural evidence suggests that both varieties developed by in situ partial melting. Ranging from adamellite to leucotonalite, granitic rocks contain abundant magmatic muscovite, commonly with garnet and sillimanite, and exhibit generally unrecrystallised igneous textures. Heterogeneous structurally concordant plutons transitional to migmatites and more uniform intrusive phases are delineated with both types hosting diverse metasedimentary enclaves, micaceous selvages and schlieren; a gneissic foliation of variable intensity is defined by the latter. These petrographic attributes are consistent with derivation of plutons by anatexis of a peraluminous metasedimentary protolith. The schlieric foliation is not tectonically imposed, but rather directly inherited from the migmatitic precursor, compositional variations within which are preserved by the layered Schofield Adamellite. The most mafic granitic body (Tuloona Granodiorite) also has igneous microgranular enclaves indicating a more complex petrogenesis. Metasedimentary rocks experienced five episodes of folding, the latest involving macroscopic open warps. This is analogous to the structural history elucidated elsewhere in the Glenelg River Complex, by inference a coherent tectonic entity whose present metamorphic and stratigraphic configuration might be governed by F₅ folding. Structures within migmatites intimate that partial melting proceeded throughout the deformational history and peaked syn‐D₄ to pre‐D₅, whilst temperatures had waned to sub‐biotite grade in the southwestern Glenelg River Complex. Granitic rocks were generated during this anatectic culmination and were therefore emplaced late in the orogenic history relative to other syntectonic phases of the Glenelg River Complex.     

汉南新元古代岩浆岩侵入体的形成温度及其地质意义

席家坝花岗片麻岩、斜长角闪岩和金盆村花岗片麻岩出露于扬子西北缘汉南岩体的东北部。这些侵入体中的锆石具有较高Th/U比值,且在阴极发光图像中显示清晰的岩浆振荡环带,具有典型的岩浆成因锆石特征。我们对这3个侵入体分别开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年工作,结果显示其形成于846±3 Ma、800±3 Ma和815±3 Ma,对应的ε_Hf（t）为-25～-13、-1～+12、+6～+10。席家坝花岗片麻岩的二阶段模式年龄T_DM²为3.43～2.56 Ga、席家坝斜长角闪岩的一阶段模式年龄T_DM¹为1.41～0.88 Ga、金盆村花岗片麻岩的二阶段模式年龄T_DM²为1.31～1.11 Ga。席家坝斜长角闪岩和金盆村花岗片麻岩亏损的Hf同位素组成显示,汉南地区在新元古代经历了一期重要的地壳生长事件。锆石的Ti温度计算出这些花岗片麻岩侵入体的岩浆锆石结晶温度为610 ℃～790 ℃。结合区域资料,全岩Zr饱和温度计算结果显示扬子西北缘新元古代花岗质岩浆岩的形成温度随时间有规律性变化,可以识别出3期高温岩浆岩事件。第一期为897～887 Ma,以西乡流纹岩和米仓山喜神坝黑云母花岗岩为代表,对应汉南同期柳树店洋岛玄武岩,可能与～900 Ma地幔柱岩浆活动有关。第二期为817～760 Ma,以米仓山红庙镇钾长花岗岩和铁船山流纹岩为代表,对应汉南820～750 Ma基性侵入岩记录,可能与板块俯冲形成的弧后盆地伸展相关。第三期为～707 Ma,以西乡正长花岗岩为代表,对应同时期扬子西北缘基性侵入岩记录,可能与米仓山、汉南地区弧-陆后碰撞伸展有关。     

甘肃北山野马大泉志留纪花岗岩的成因和构造意义

马鬃山地体是北山造山带的主要构造单元之一,其广泛出露的花岗岩对于认识和完善北山古生代构造格架具有重要意义.对野马大泉一带的花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了早-中志留世（441±4 Ma和425±2 Ma）的年龄.岩石地球化学显示它们均富钠、钙碱性和镁质花岗岩的特征,小于A型花岗岩的Ga/Al×104值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y值,且含角闪石二长花岗岩出现标志性矿物角闪石,属于I型花岗岩.它们具有正的ε_Hf（t）值（-0.1~+7.6）,两阶段Hf模式年龄集中于1.42~0.94 Ga,反映花岗质岩浆可能起源于中元古代（~1.4 Ga）地壳的部分熔融,并伴有幔源岩浆的参与.马鬃山地体志留纪花岗岩的地球化学显示形成于大陆弧的构造环境,且结合区域古生代花岗岩的时空分布指示相关的俯冲带在早石炭世发生北向后撤.      

胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带巨量变沉积岩系的研究进展

华北克拉通发育三条古元古代构造带,包括:东部陆块内部的胶-辽-吉带(Jiao-Liao-Ji belt)、西部陆块内部的孔兹岩带(Khondalite belt)以及两个陆块之间的中部造山带(Trans-North China Orogen)。通过二十多年的深入研究,在区域构造、变质地质、岩浆作用、地球化学、同位素年代学以及地球物理等方面积累了大量资料,并取得了一系列重要的科学进展。其中,胶-辽-吉带是华北克拉通最具代表性的一条古元古代造山/活动带,它不仅接受了古元古代巨量的陆壳物质沉积,而且经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,并经受了多期岩浆-变质事件的改造。胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的物质组成最为丰富,以大面积分布的巨量(火山)沉积岩系为特征,在中国境内包括吉南地区的集安群和老岭群、辽东南地区的南辽河和北辽河群、胶北地区的荆山群和粉子山群,向南西则有可能穿越郯庐断裂延伸至徐州-蚌埠一带的五河群,总体呈NE向展布,延伸规模长约1000km。从巨量沉积岩系的岩石组合和空间分布特征来看,荆山群与南辽河群、集安群可以对比,而粉子山群则与北辽河群、老岭群相当。然而,由于多期/多阶段强烈构造变形作用的影响,原来各群、组中地层的上下层位及接触关系已完全破坏,目前均已呈规模不一的构造岩片形式叠置在一起,彼此之间呈断层或韧性剪切带接触。巨量变沉积岩系的源区物质主要来源于造山/活动带内古元古代花岗质岩石和两侧古老陆块的变质基底,原岩形成时代为1.95~2.15Ga左右。以往研究表明,胶-辽-吉造山/活动带变质作用的强度十分不均匀,(中-高压)麻粒岩相变质只局限于胶北的荆山群及相关岩石,而粉子山群以及辽东南的南、北辽河群和吉南的集安群、老岭群只经历了角闪岩相变质,局部甚至只达到绿片岩相变质。粉子山群、北辽河群和老岭群变质演化P-T-t轨迹具有顺时针型式,而荆山群、南辽河群和集安群的P-T-t轨迹则具有逆时针型式。本文最新研究发现,古元古代麻粒岩相变质作用并非只局限于胶北地区的荆山群及其邻区,而是贯穿于整个辽东南地区的南辽河群和吉南地区的集安群,其变质演化P-T-t轨迹与胶北地区荆山群泥质麻粒岩以及基性麻粒岩一样,均具有典型近等温减压(ITD)顺时针型式,整个胶-辽-吉造山/活动带的麻粒岩相峰期变质时代为1.9~1.95Ga左右。野外观察和室内岩相学研究表明,在麻粒岩相变质作用过程中,胶北的荆山群及相关岩石、辽东南的南辽河群以及吉南的集安群中的泥质麻粒岩均广泛发生了深熔作用,长英质脉体呈不规则细脉状、网脉状和透镜状分布于寄主岩石中,且与寄主岩石之间呈渐变过渡关系。深熔锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,区域性的深熔作用(或部分熔融)时代为1.84~1.86Ga之间,表明这期广泛的深熔事件应发生于胶-辽-吉造山/活动带整体构造折返的中-低压麻粒岩相退变质阶段。有关胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带的空间展布、南北边界、延伸规律及其形成的大地构造背景一直存在着分歧和争议,最新研究表明,蚌埠-霍邱一带地表露头及其以西第四系覆盖区之下的花岗质岩石、基性麻粒岩和富Al片麻岩岩心,均记录了1.85~1.95Ga的麻粒岩相变质事件,暗示着胶-辽-吉造山/活动带更有可能穿越郯庐断裂,向鲁西南延伸至蚌埠-霍邱一带及其以西的第四系覆盖区之下的变质基底。而辽南地块和狼林地块大量1.85~1.95Ga变质热事件和1.8~1.9Ga、~2.1Ga两期岩浆事件的记录,则表明辽南地块和狼林地块(至少是一部分变质基底)曾卷入到胶-辽-吉古元古代构造演化事件之中。有关胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带构造演化过程及其形成的大地构造背景,目前有三种构造模式,包括:裂谷开启-闭合模式、弧(陆)-陆碰撞模式和先裂谷-后碰撞造山演化模式,然而,带内异常复杂的巨量火山-沉积岩系的物质组成、多期/多阶段的岩浆作用事件、多种变质作用类型和十分复杂的变质演化P-T-t轨迹样式、多期/多阶段复杂的构造变形特征,难以采用上述任何一种构造演化模式来加以合理解释。由此可见,有关胶-辽-吉古元古代构造/活动带南侧边界需要进一步准确厘定,有关狼林地块和辽南地块的构造归属,特别是胶-辽-吉造山/活动带在古元古代构造演化的动力学过程及其形成的大地构造背景还有待进一步深入探讨。     

海南岛古元宙变质基底性质和地壳增生的Nd、Pb同位素制约

基于海南地壳各类型岩石的63个样品Nd和Pb同位素分析数据,研究了海南地块元古宙地壳变质基底的时代、特征和演化。研究结果表明,海南岛元古宙变质基底成熟度低,基底变质岩系的母岩物质来源于长期亏损的地幔源区,主要形成时代为古元古宙晚期－新元古宙;不同时代花岗岩具有较高的εNd(t)值和较低的Nd模式年龄,主要形成于幔源物质参与下的或含地幔成分较多的初生地壳再循环。地壳增生具幕式增生的特点,并在2．0Ga、1.7Ga、1.2Ga出现高峰;Pb同位素组成既不同于扬子地块又不同于华夏地块,介于两地块之间,和Nd同位素特征具有一致或耦合关系。结合海南岛地质特征,初步认为不能单纯地将海南岛基底理解为华南地块统一南延部分或是华夏古陆的部分,可能为不同的构造块体。     

Neoproterozoic granites of the Lajeado intrusive suite,north-center Brazil: A late Ediacaran remelting of a Paleoproterozoic crust

In north-central Brazil, a number of granite plutons, which intrude Paleoproterozoic gneiss-granulite terrains of the Goiás Massif, crop out along a thermal axis parallel to the Transbrasiliano Lineament. Single zircon lead evaporation ages from three granitic bodies span between 552 and 545 Ma. Sm–Nd model ages (T_DM) vary between 2.1 and 1.7 Ga and negative εNd_{(0.55 Ga)} values between −10 and −13 show that Paleoproterozoic crust was involved in the genesis of these granites. These plutons, which form the Lajeado Intrusive Suite are part of an important Ediacaran magmatic event in central-northern of the Tocantins Tectonic Province, composed of metaluminous to slightly peraluminous granites with geochemical characteristics similar to A-type granites, whose crystallization occurred under low water activity during magmatic emplacement. The granitic intrusive bodies are related to a crustal extensional/transtensional tectonic event at the end of the Neoproterozoic. They may have connection with the granitic plutons of similar age (0.56–0.52 Ga) in northwestern Ceará state, on the other side of the Paleozoic Parnaíba Basin in northwest of Borborema Province, along the Transbrasiliano Lineament.     

崂山花岗岩岩石地球化学与成因

崂山花岗岩是中国东部晚中生代较典型的由钙碱性岩碱和碱性岩套构成的复合花岗岩体，可划分石英二长岩、黑云二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和碱性花岗同夺四个单元，结晶年龄分别为１４６．８、１２６．２、１１３．０和１１０．８Ｍａ。岩石地球化学研究表明：钙碱性岩套自石英二长岩→黑云二长花岗岩→正长花岗岩 呈现向富硅、富碱、低铝、低钙、低镁方向的演化特征；碱性花岗岩总体呈现出高硅、高碱、低铝、低钙、低镁的特征，其大离子亲石元素和高场强元素Ga、Nb、Hf、Zr、Y及Ga／Al、F／Cl比值等明显偏高，与国内外典型的A型花岗岩成分相当。同位泰示踪及成岩机理研究揭示出崂山花岗岩起源于下地壳基底变质岩的部分熔融。两套岩石分别与两次熔融事件有关，钙碱性岩套各单元是岩浆不同分离结晶程度的产物，而碱性花岗岩可能起源于经先前熔融事件(形成钙碱性岩套)萃取过的残留源岩，其形成与AFC过程有关。基于一系列地球化学图解的判别，结合区域构造演化，指出崂山花岗岩是胶北地体－胶南地体陆－陆碰撞剪切造山带构造发展演化至特定阶段的产物，钙碱性岩套形成于造山晚期压性或压性向张性转化的应力环境，而碱性花岗岩则形成千造山期后的剪切张性(transtension)构造环境．后者成为苏北－胶南地区燕山晚期造山作用结束的标志。     

北阿尔金地区古元古代岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

北阿尔金是塔里木克拉通变质基底的主要出露区之一。对该区具有侵入接触关系的正长花岗岩和花岗片麻岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究。正长花岗岩中的锆石多呈椭圆状,具有振荡环带结构,部分颗粒中可见老锆石残核,Th/U值较高,亏损轻稀土元素,富集重稀土元素,具有负Eu异常和正Ce异常的特点,表明该组锆石为岩浆成因。定年结果获得1903±13Ma和2506±55Ma两组年龄加权平均值,前者代表岩体的结晶年龄,后者为捕获锆石年龄,结合区域年代学资料,认为正长花岗岩岩浆侵入过程中可能捕获了太古宇米兰群的古老基底锆石。花岗片麻岩中16个测点的锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄集中于1802±28Ma,代表了岩体侵位时代,其余5个测点的锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为1911~1951Ma,说明岩浆侵位过程中捕获了部分正长花岗岩的物质。区域地质与同位素年代学研究表明,北阿尔金地区广泛存在2.0~1.8Ga的构造-热事件。获得的花岗质岩石的1.9~1.8Ga的年龄结果,直接证实了北阿尔金存在约1.9Ga的岩浆作用,可能为古元古代Columbia超大陆汇聚事件在该地区的响应,为探讨塔里木板块前寒武纪构造-热事件演化历史提供了新资料。古元古代末期约1.8Ga的花岗片麻岩,代表了后造山伸展阶段的岩浆活动。     

New geological model of the Lagoa Real uraniferous albitites from Bahia (Brazil)

New evidence supported by petrography (including mineral chemistry), lithogeochemistry, U-Pb geochronology by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and physicochemical study of fluid and melt inclusions by LA-ICP-MS and microthermometry, point to an orogenic setting of Lagoa Real (Bahia-Brazil) involving uraniferous mineralization. Unlike the previous models in which uraniferous albitites represent Na-metasomatised 1.75 Ga anorogenic granitic rocks, it is understood here that they correspond to metamorphosed sodium-rich and quartz-free 1.9 Ga late-orogenic syenitic rocks (Na-metasyenites). These syenitic rocks are rich not only in albite, but also in U-rich titanite (source of uranium). The interpretation of geochemical data points to a petrogenetic connection between alkali-diorite (local amphibolite protolith) and sodic syenite by fractional crystallization through a transalkaline series. This magmatic differentiation occurred either before or during shear processes, which in turn led to albitite and amphibolite formation. The metamorphic reactions, which include intense recrystallization of magmatic minerals, led uraninite to precipitate at 1.87 Ga under Oxidation/Reduction control. A second population of uraninites was also generated by the reactivation of shear zones during the 0.6 Ga Brasiliano Orogeny. The geotectonic implications include the importance of the Orosirian event in the Paramirim Block during paleoproterozoic S?o Francisco Craton edification and the influence of the Brasiliano event in the Paramirim Block during the West-Gondwana assembly processes. The regional microcline-gneiss, whose protolith is a 2.0 Ga syn-collisional potassic granite, represents the albitite host rock. The microcilne-gneiss has no petrogenetic association to the syenite (albitite protolith) in magmatic evolutionary terms.     

华北克拉通～2.7Ga的BIF:来自莱州-昌邑地区含铁建造的年代学证据

越来越多的研究资料显示~2.7Ga是华北克拉通陆壳生长的一个重要阶段,但缺少同时期的世界主要克拉通上广泛发育的BIF铁矿。胶北莱州-昌邑地区的BIF铁矿赋存在原划分的粉子山群小宋组含铁建造中,含铁建造的岩石组合主要为黑云斜长变粒岩、斜长角闪岩、含石榴黑云片岩夹角闪磁铁石英岩,磁铁浅粒岩。岩石地球化学分析显示,斜长角闪岩具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特点,变质酸性火山岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特点,故推测莱州-昌邑地区的含铁建造形成于与岛弧相关的构造环境,而与粉子山群形成的裂谷构造背景无关。锆石同位素年代学研究表明,含铁建造中变质酸性火山岩(埃达克质火山岩)的岩浆结晶年龄为2726±10Ma,在变质泥砂岩中获得了~2.73Ga和~2.9Ga两组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄,并缺少新太古代晚期(~2.5Ga)的构造岩浆热事件信息;在斜长角闪岩中获得的变质锆石年龄为~1850Ma,并有2.68Ga的继承或捕获锆石年龄信息;因此推断莱州-昌邑地区的BIF铁建造有可能形成于新太古代早期(~2.7Ga),而在新太古代晚期(~2.5Ga)则处于相对稳定的构造背景。含铁建造被~2.17Ga的二长花岗岩侵入,并共同卷入胶北古元古代晚期(~1.85Ga)的变质变形作用改造。莱州-昌邑地区含铁建造的岩石组合和锆石年龄信息与胶北地块栖霞地区比较有所不同,这可能揭示出胶北地块在新太古代早期(~2.7Ga)构造环境差异和古板块构造演化的重要信息。     

Composition,Age, and Origin of Cretaceous Granitic Magmatism on the Eastern Chukchi Peninsula

New geochronological and isotopic geochemical data are given, which make it possible to recognize two types of granitic rocks on the eastern Chukchi Peninsula. Early Cretaceous Tkachen and Dolina granitic plutons with zircon ages (U–Pb SIMS) of 119–122 and 131–136 Ma are related to the first type. They cut through Devonian–Lower Carboniferous basement rocks and are overlain by the Aptian–Albian Etelkuyum Formation. Basal units of the latter contain fragments of granitic rocks. Late Cretaceous Provideniya and Rumilet granitic plutons, which contain zircons with ages of 94 and 85 Ma (U–Pb SIMS), respectively, belong to the second type. They cut through volcanic–sedimentary rocks of the Etelkuyum and Leurvaam formations pertaining to the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt. In petrographic and geochemical features, the Early Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Tkachen Pluton are commensurable with I-type granites, while Late Cretaceous granite of the Rumilet Pluton is comparable to A₂-type granite. The Sr–Nd isotopic data provide evidence that from the Early Cretaceous Tkachen and Dolina plutons to the Late Cretaceous Provideniya and Rumilet plutons, the degree of crustal assimilation of suprasubduction mantle-derived melts increases up to partial melting of heterogeneous continental crust enriched in rubidium. An unconformity and various degrees of secondary alteration of volcanic–sedimentary rocks have been established in the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt, and this was apparently caused by transition of the tectonic setting from suprasubduction to a transform margin with local extension.     

Paleozoic magmatic events in the Strandja Massif,NW Turkey

The Strandja massif consists of metamorphic basement intruded by large Early Permian plutons of the Kirklareli type and overlain by Triassic metasedimentary cover. Together with its continuation in Bulgaria this massif forms an important link between the Pontides and the orogenic belts of Europe. Various types of orthogneisses constitute a significant part of the metamorphic basement however these rocks have until now escaped a particular study and therefore the Paleozoic history of the massif is essentially unknown. In this study these rocks are classified and mapped as hornblende-biotite, biotite-muscovite, and leucocratic orthogneisses. Their modal compositions correspond to quartz diorite, tonalite, granodiorite and trondhjemite. Geochemical data suggest a calc-alkaline trend of differentiation and metaluminous character of the parent magmas. Isotopic dating using the single zircon evaporation method has shown that magmatic ages of these orthogneisses cluster within a short time interval between 312±2 and 315 ±5 Ma in the Carboniferous. At the same time inherited ages of magmatic zircons in these rocks record a long lived magmatic activity between 340 and 650 Ma. We infer that the Carboniferous orthogneisses were formed in a magmatic arc that evolved atop of a mature continental basement. Previously established ([1, 2]) Early Permian magmatic event has been confirmed by additional age determinations constraining it at 257±6 Ma. Tectonic setting of this episode is also interpreted as subduction related taking into consideration its geochemical features and relationships with surrounding tectonic units.