ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY FOR RURAL MAP REVISION

The Ordnance Survey (OS) has recently investigated the potential of orthophotography for revision of 1:2500 scale mapping following advances in technology since an earlier investigation in 1973. The results have been compared with stereoplotting on an automated workstation. The background to the investigation and the existing revision methods used for rural areas are described. Orthophotography was produced on a Zeiss 22 Orthocomp at 1:2500 scale using digital height model data supplied from contours (at a 5 m vertical interval) on 1:10000 scale mapping. A pilot block of 20 km² was revised at Kingsbridge, south Devon to assess three levels of revision (local fit, part remedial, and full remedial), using three techniques (orthophotograph overlay, Stereo-orthophoto Plotter and stereoplotting instrument). The quality of the image of the orthophotographs was below that expected for rectified enlargements and the cost of orthophotograph production made the technique uneconomic compared with existing techniques. Orthophotographs were capable of improving the accuracy of revision mapping, but the most cost effective and accurate method was full remedial revision using a Kern PG2 automated workstation.     

Spatialized Browsing in Large Data Archives

Exponentially growing data archives emphasize the need for efficient techniques and novel approaches to find and extract information. Information visualization has emerged in the Information Retrieval domain to facilitate access to large databases. This development acknowledges the need to focus on higher level cognitive processes in information seeking. Graphic depictions of large databases are increasingly based on the spatial metaphor. These representations are also known as spatialized views or information spaces. Whereas space as a data property has implications for the design and implementation of spatial information systems, this paper explores whether commonly used spatial concepts could be used as browsing metaphors to explore a digital library catalog. A proof of concept is provided that illustrates how spatial metaphors might be embodied in a query interface to visually explore the catalog of the Alexandria Digital Library. This experimental interface includes an information landscape that is based on three spatial concepts, distance (similarity), arrangement (dispersion and concentration), and scale (level of detail).     

基于模板的DEM快速可视化

为了满足对海量数据三维实时动态浏览的需要,采用地形分块技术,形成了地形分块模板、地形整合模板、视点相关模板,建立了基于模板技术的地形快速可视化流程,并在VC 平台下,采用OpenGL渲染引擎实现了大规模地形的快速无缝漫游。     

多窗口集成交互设计系统在输电线路路径优化中的研究与应用

针对输电线路设计的特点提出了一种基于计算机技术和全数字摄影测量技术的路线交互设计思想及实现途径,利用多视窗技术,借助数字高程模型的有力支撑,实现了将输电线路的立体影像、正射影像、平断面排位、3维漫游集成于同一界面下的不同窗口中对比显示并进行交互设计。     

Deblurring Texture Extraction from Digital Aerial Image by Reforming "Steep Edge" Curve

Texture extract from digital aerial image is widely used in three-dimensional city modeling to generate "photo-realistic" views. In this paper, a method based on reforming "Steep edge" curve, which clearly explains how the diffraction of the sunlight makes digital aerial image blurring, is proposed to deblur the texture extraction from digital aerial image, and the experiment shows a good result in visualization and automation.     

Deblurring Texture Extraction from Digital Aerial Image by Reforming “Steep Edge” Curve

Texture extract from digital aerial image is widely used in three-dimensional city modeling to generate “photo-realistic” views. In this paper, a method based on reforming “Steep edge” curve, which clearly explains how the diffraction of the sunlight makes digital aerial image blurring, is proposed to deblur the texture extraction from digital aerial image, and the experiment shows a good result in visualization and automation.     

Photogrammetric recording of the Roman earthworks 'Cawthorn camps', north yorkshire

Cawthorn Camps is a Roman site of probable late 1st and early 2nd century date comprising two forts, one with a later annexe, and a camp. The site survives as earthworks and, within the main defences, there are many slight embanked structures. The current multidisciplinary programme of research has included geophysical prospection, excavation, ground and aerial survey; it is a joint initiative by the North York Moors National Park Authority and English Heritage. The project aims to increase academic understanding, improve information available to the public and assist the production of a revised management plan for this nationally important site.
Large-scale air photographs and digital photogrammetry have been used to produce a plan, at scale 1:500, of the earthworks to a precision of ±10 cm. This plan has been used as a base map with which to rectify other key photographs and plans allowing further detailed interpretation and mapping to be undertaken. The air photographic work has also investigated some of the products available through digital photogrammetric technology, such as digital elevation models (DEMs), orthophotographs and perspective views.     

基于AutoCAD的大比例尺数字地形图管理系统的设计与实现

结合大比例尺数字地形图的特点和管理需求,采用VB技术对AutoCAD软件进行二次开发,建立集调图、图形编辑、图形裁剪、图廓生成、地形图分幅于一体的大比例尺数字地形图管理系统,为大比例尺地形图的管理与使用提供了一个实用性的平台。     

基于Java3D的网络地理信息可视化

在分析WebGIS中地理信息可视化研究现状的基础上，详细介绍了Java3D开发库的基本开发机制，并讨论其关键技术与解决方案，成功实现了基于Java3D的网络地理信息Web浏览器。实验表明，通过Java3D建立数字球面，并利用Java3D空间数据模型表达地理信息模型，实现在数字球面上映射地理信息，是实现网络地理信息可视化的新途径和新思路。     

The Photogrammetric Survey of a Prehistoric Site Undergoing Removal

For the construction of the new Athens International Airport, it was imperative that a hill, obstructing air traffic, be lowered by approximately 40 m. Unfortunately, a fortified prehistoric settlement was situated on top of that hill. In order to carry out this task, it was required: (a) to produce a model of the site at a scale of 1;50; and (b) to monitor and document every single stone during the dismantling of the most important parts of the site, so that its rebuilding elsewhere and at a later time would be possible.
The Laboratory of Photogrammetry, National Technical University of Athens, undertook to provide the necessary metric data. By using low altitude aerial photographs from a helicopter, a specialized tripod and terrestrial photogrammetric techniques, the following products were created, all at a scale of 1;50: contour lines and DTM of the site; digital orthophotograph of the site; graphic drawing of the development of the exterior of the surrounding wall; and graphic drawings of the upper (initial) and the lower (last) levels of the parts to be removed. In this paper, both the fieldwork and the final products are presented and evaluated.     

政务电子地图的编制研究——以北京市为例

政务电子地图作为各政府部门普遍使用的基础底图,是广受认可的一种地理信息数据应用形式。本文对政务版电子地图的编制方法进行了研究,基于以基础测绘数据为基础,以可视化表达为核心的原则,设计了两套坐标系、3种表现形式的地图产品形式;形成了含保密处理、数据加工、专题制图等在内的整体生产工艺;从空间尺度、表现层次、综合取舍等方面,重点开展了地图载负量控制策略研究;并以北京为例编制了政务电子地图,得到了广泛应用。     

面向大范围实时数据的动态船舶矢量标绘方法

船舶可视化和分析在现代航海管理领域中发挥着重要作用。鉴于目前主流的船舶符号栅格表达方式存在失真、不易交互等弊端,本文提出一种面向大范围船舶实时动态数据的矢量标绘方法。基于时空GIS技术实时接入船舶数据流,创建一个不断更新的船舶要素服务;在前端通过WebSocket建立与服务间的双向通信,低时延获取最新船舶定位信息;并结合多空间尺度表达规则和标绘算法进行符号重绘,实现对船舶位置、尺寸、航向在不同显示级别下的精确表达。测试证明,该方法可以有效支撑较大地理范围内船舶数据的动态可视化,满足船舶避碰、海事管理和应用分析的需要。     

带状区域不等格网间距DEM的拼接与显示研究

数字高程模型是数字地形模拟的重要成果,作为空间数据框架中的主要内容,也成为各种地理信息的载体。在铁路、城轨、公路等线形构筑物的设计和建设中,沿线两边的地形信息是工程设计和建设的基础。本文结合带状区域的特点以及数字高程模型本身的特点,从工程实用的角度出发,围绕带状区域中多块不等采样间隔DEM数据在工程应用中的问题,重点分析了多块不等采样间隔DEM之间拼接的问题,确定了一种不等采样间隔的DEM间无缝拼接的方法,简单介绍了多块不等间隔数字高程模型的裁剪方法和三维可视化方法。     

Digital Photogrammetry at English Heritage: A Pictorial Review of Projects to Date

Digital photogrammetry as an aid to the process of conservation of the historic environment is now an established technique within English Heritage. Digital elevation models, orthophotographs and perspective views are becoming invaluable to the conservator as a record of a monument or site prior to some form of intervention or historical analysis. This paper reviews a range of projects where the various products generated by digital photogrammetry have been used and discusses some of the problems encountered     

苏南运河镇江段航道3维可视化技术及其应用研究

航道3维可视化对全面掌握运河河底地形地貌,保障运河水上交通安全具有重要意义。本文以3维可视化苏南运河镇江段航道为例,阐述如何在实现航道周边场景3维渲染的基础上,利用航道数字测深数据,创建基于格网的数字水深模型,进而生成河底数字高程模型的过程,并对航道3维可视化技术的实际应用进行了探讨。     

昆山市政府广场三维可视化解决方案

基于大比例尺航空立体相对提出昆山市政府及周边建筑群的建模方案,采用VirtuoZo数字摄影测量系统提取地面要素信息,在IMAGIS三维可视化地理信息系统下进行三维模型重建和编辑,在此基础上形成由CAD、GIS、三维影像数据集成的城市三维可视化处理方法,实现对三维场景进行实时漫游,并将漫游过程录制成动画,在Premiere中完成音频视频合成制作,形成最终多媒体产品。     

大比例尺地形图更新问题探讨

近年来,城市发展变化非常快,地形图更新滞后于城市发展,研究城市大比例尺地形图更新问题很有必要。本文阐述了地形图更新的方法,主要有数字摄影测量更新、利用高分辨率遥感影像更新、数字化测图更新以及借助其它项目资料进行更新等方法,并探讨了城市大比例尺地形图更新周期问题。     

城市基础比例尺地形图更新与建库

分析了城市基础比例尺地形图更新机制和在实践中的应用,探讨了空间地理信息数据建库的标准和数据库更新关键技术,提出了对生产部门建设"数字城市"过程应建立基础数据更新机制的建议.     

数码城市空间数据模型与可视化研究

提出了一种新的基于三维矢量图形、数字地面模型与数字地面正射影像相结合的数码城市空间数据模型，介绍了基于这一模型的软件平台原型－CCGIS，并对未来数码城市构建技术进行了分析与展望。