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揭示海平面变化成因有助于深入认识当前的全球气候变化,并做出积极应对。空间大地测量技术及海洋浮标观测极大地促进了对全球及区域海平面变化成因的研究,有效弥补了海洋模式对长期趋势估计不准确的缺点,有助于理解海平面长期趋势及年际变化的驱动因素。本文系统回顾了近20年关于海平面上升成因的研究进展,分析了陆地质量迁移不同成分对海平面上升的贡献。多源观测数据表明,海水质量增加贡献了2/3的海平面上升,其余1/3由海水热膨胀引起。由于气候变暖趋势没有减弱,陆地冰川消融和海水热膨胀均伴随加速度变化。这些研究成果不仅极大地提升了对当前海平面变化的认识,而且有助于约束对未来海平面上升的预测。最后,讨论了海平面变化成因研究中面临的困难与挑战:①在局部尺度上,使用观测数据尚不能完全揭示海平面长期趋势变化成因;②2016年后,全球平均海平面平衡方程的闭合差显著增大。 相似文献
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验潮站观测的海面高度数据是监测海平面变化以及确定平均海面的重要基础观测信息,利用滑动时段法和时段累积法对验潮站不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率的差异进行了分析,讨论了时段选择效应对计算相对海平面变化的影响,并利用美国东海岸验潮站观测数据对分析结果进行了补充实验.实验结果表明,不同观测时段相对海平面变化速率差异最大可达27... 相似文献
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近海海平面上升直接威胁人类生存,分析其成因不仅具有重要科学意义,而且能够为应对海平面上升提供相应策略。使用卫星测高、时变重力以及浮标观测研究2002—2020年近海300 km内海平面变化成因。由于时变重力在近海受到较为严重的泄漏误差影响,使用时变重力约束解模拟陆地质量变化对海洋质量的泄漏,其线性趋势约为0.68 mm/a。在季节和非季节尺度上,时变重力和浮标观测解释了卫星测高的结果,证明近海海平面平衡方程在季节和非季节时间尺度上能够被闭合。在长期变化趋势方面,卫星测高显示近海海平面上升速率为3.32±0.45 mm/a,而时变重力与浮标观测之和的速率为2.25±0.51 mm/a,两者之间存在约1 mm/a的速率差。鉴于该速率差高于估计的不确定度,认为当前在闭合近海海平面平衡方程长期趋势方面仍存在不小挑战,一方面近海比容实测数据较为稀少,很可能低估了长期趋势变化;另一方面,不完善的泄漏误差改正和陆地垂直运动改正也会影响近海海平面长期趋势变化。 相似文献
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Sandip R. Oza R. K. K. Singh N. K. Vyas Abhijit Sarkar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(4):611-616
Long term variations in Sea ice distribution strongly influence the atmosphere and ocean in the polar regions. In the recent
period significant variations in sea ice cover have been observed in both the hemispheres. In the past, studies have been
carried out that report the trends either at the Arctic/Antarctic level or at sector level. However, only a few studies have
concentrated on the investigation of trends at grid level using scatterometer data. The present study focuses on the investigations
of the sea ice trend at 1 × 1 degree grid level over the period 2000–2007 using QuickSCAT 0.2-degree resolution Scatterometer
data. It was observed that in the Arctic overall monthly trend is negative in all the sectors, with the Arctic level decline
of 3.26% per year. In the Antarctic, region-wise different trends have been observed. Negative trend is observed in the Amundsen-
Bellingshausen Seas and also in the Indian Ocean sector near the continental Ice shelves. It was highlighted that significant
trends exists within the pockets of marginal seas. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(3):291-303
Abstract The southern part of the Caspian Sea shoreline in Iran with a length of 813 km has different topographic conditions. Owing to sea fluctuation, these zones have various dimensions in different times. During the last years, the Caspian Sea experienced enormous destructive rises. The historical information and tidal gauge measurements showed different ranges of sea rise from ?30 m to ?22 m from the mean sea level. On the other hand, the probable flooding zone is related to slope gradient of coasts. To help the determination of the probable flooding area owing to sea level rises, the coastal zones can be modelled using geographic information system (GIS) environment as vulnerability risk rates. These rates would be useful for making decisions in coastal management programs. This study examined different scenarios of sea rise to determine hazard-flooding rates in the coastal cities of the Mazandaran province and classified them based on vulnerability risk rates. The 1:2000 scale topographic maps of the coastal zones were prepared to extract topographic information and construct the coastal digital elevation model. With the presumption of half-metre sea rise scenarios, the digital elevation models classified eight scenarios from ?26 to ?22 m. The flooding areas in each scenario computed for 11 cities respectively. The vulnerability risk rate in each rise scenario was computed by dividing the flooded area of each scenario to city area. The results showed that in the first four scenarios, from ?26 to ?24 m, the Behshahr, Joibar, Neka and Babolsar cites would be more vulnerable than other cites. Moreover, for the second four scenarios from ?24 to ?22 m sea level rise scenario, only the coastal area of Chalous city would be vulnerable. It was also observed that the coastal region of Behshahr would be critical in total scenarios. Further studies would be necessary to complete this assessment by considering social-economic and land use information to estimate the exact hazardous and vulnerable zones. 相似文献
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