锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定煌斑岩中铂族元素

试金配料中适量加入铁粉,控制硫化铁在锍扣中的含量在20%~40%,获得的锍扣直接用水浸泡粉化后加盐酸分解,分解结束后趁热过滤,沉淀用1mL王水溶解,定容后上机测定,Cs作内标。改进后的方法空白水平进一步降低,检出限得到显著改善,分析流程简化。采用改进后的锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定了云南哀牢山金矿带煌斑岩和国家一级标准物质GBW 07288(GPt-1)、GBW 07290(GPt-3)中的铂族元素(PGEs)含量,方法检出限为0.001~0.01ng/g,精密度(RSD,n=5)为7.49%~16.6%。     

空气滤膜采集大气浮尘样品中多元素的测定

用氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸体系对空气滤膜上附着的浮尘样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定溶液中15个主量和微量元素铁、铜、锌、镍、镧、铈、锂、锰、铬、镉、钴、铅、钍、铊、铀。将国家一级标准物质模拟浮尘样品加入空白滤膜进行测定,结果与标准值相符。各元素4次测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射全谱直读光谱仪测定地质样品中的钽

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射全谱直读光谱仪,以HF-HNO3-HClO4-HCl溶样,不经分离富集,直接测定地质样品(岩石、水系沉积物、土壤)中Ta。方法检出限可达0. 8μg/g。通过国家一级标准物质测试和其他样品以不同方法测定相比较,测定结果基本一致;GBW 07309标准物质6次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为12. 0%。     

巯基棉富集-分光光度法测定铂

样品溶解后,加入还原剂氯化亚锡及助吸附剂水合肼,用巯基棉吸附微量铂。吸附物灰化后,灰分用王水溶解,溶液用双十二烷基二硫代乙酰胺(DDO)分光光度法测定铂。方法检出限为0.2μg/g(10.0g样品),铂量在0~20μg/g线性关系较好。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,铂的测定结果与标准值相符,12次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。     

Z-2000偏振塞曼石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定地球化学样品中痕量金

用φ=50%的王水分解样品,聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附富集金,10g/L硫脲为解脱剂,偏振塞曼石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定痕量金。对干燥、灰化、原子化、净化温度和时间,以及载气流量和灯电流强度进行了讨论;对影响金吸附效果的泡塑载体和王水浓度等因素进行了研究。通过实验得到了Z-2000偏振塞曼原子吸收分光光度计最佳石墨炉分析测试条件。方法检出限为0.3ng/g,回收率为95.0%~101.0%,精密度(RSD,n=12)低于8.0%,经国家一级标准物质(GBW07243~GBW07245)分析验证,结果与标准值相符。     

阴离子树脂富集-ICP-MS测定地质样品中的痕量铂和钯

本文建立了一种快速测定地质样品中Pt、Pd的方法。试样经过700℃高温焙烧后,采用王水-盐酸处理样品,加入强碱性阴离子交换树脂进行振荡吸附,吸附物灰化后,用王水溶解至尽近后,采用5%HCl浸提,采用Rh作为内标,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。Pt、Pd的检出限分别为0.2μg·L~(-1)和0.4μg·L~(-1),精密度(RSD,n=12)分别为4.01%,4.19%,加标回收率分别在97.1%103.5%,101.5%103.2%之间,通过对7件国家标准物质(GBW07288GBW07294)进行测定,测定值与标准值基本一致。该方法简单快速、准确度高、精密度良好,测定值与推荐值基本一致。     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定植物样品中的12种元素

植物样品经逆王水体系微波消解稀释至一定体积后,直接用高分辨等离子体质谱法（HR-ICP-MS）同时测定溶液中的Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Cd、Hg、Pb共12种无机元素的含量。在HR-ICP-MS仪上优化选择各元素的同位素、分辨率和内标元素,有效消除测定过程中的质谱与非质谱干扰。其中,各元素的检出限在0.55～48.6 ng/g之间 (稀释因子=250) ,相对标准偏差RSD（n=12) 均＜10%。该方法经国家一级生物标准物质验证,测定结果接近标准值,方法准确可靠,适用于快速准确测定植物样品中的12种元素。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法直接测定多金属矿中的硒和碲

用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸分解多金属矿物样品,在6 mol/L盐酸介质中,以Fe3+盐为减缓剂,直接在双道原子荧光光度计上同时测定多金属矿中硒和碲。该方法用同一混合酸一次分解样品,不经分离富集,同时测定硒和碲,过程简单快捷,适合于批量样品的检测。将样品与标准曲线同时分解至冒高氯酸白烟,从而准确地测定多金属矿物样品中硒和碲的含量。方法检出限为硒0.032μg/g,碲0.023μg/g;方法精密度(RSD,n=8)为硒<4.0%,碲<7.0%。经国家一级标准物质GBW 07283、GBW 07233、GBW 07234验证,硒和碲的测定值与标准值吻合。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样中痕量金

样品经王水分解处理,并在Fe~(3+)存在条件下,经泡沫吸附,硫脲解脱,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量金~([1])。通过对干燥温度及时间、灰化温度及时间、原子化温度设置影响测定结果的实验因素进行筛选,确定了实验室测定化探样品中的痕量金的最佳条件,方法检出限为0.18ng/g。精密度(RSD,n=12)为7.95%~11.56%,经国家一级标准物质分析验证,结果与标准值相符。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铝土矿样品中镓三种前处理方法的比较

采用四酸(盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸)溶矿、三酸(氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸)溶矿及氢氧化钠碱熔法3种前处理方法对铝土矿样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定样品中的镓。结果表明,四酸溶矿法的分解产物中存在较多的不溶物,镓与盐酸生成GaCl3导致挥损,镓的测定结果严重偏低;三酸溶矿法的分解产物中也存在较多的不溶物,导致测定结果严重偏低;氢氧化钠碱熔法处理铝土矿样品,酸化后所得溶液清澈透明,由于大量NaCl的存在,镓不会挥损,测定值准确度高。采用氢氧化钠碱熔,盐酸酸化提取,ICP-AES法测定镓的准确度高,精密度好,方法检出限为3.21μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于5%。经国家一级和二级标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标准值基本一致。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861