基于遥感的区域热环境分析

为研究城市及其周边区域大范围热环境变化,以秦岭山脉南坡和北坡为例,采用遥感数据反演地表温度、植被指数和地表通量,不仅从传统地表温度参数理解区域热环境问题,还着重分析了秦岭两侧地表通量空间分布格局.研究表明,秦岭山脉南坡与北坡气候、地形和地表覆被状况的差异导致地表温度和热通量等热环境均存在显著差异.北坡的西安和咸阳市平均地表温度比其他行政区显著偏高,而在南坡植被覆盖较好的周至县境内,地表温度平均值则显著下降;裸地和居民地的地表温度平均值较高,而潜热通量和蒸散发平均值则较低.遥感估算区域热通量和蒸散发信息与地表温度同样是区域热环境研究中不可忽视的重要表征变量之一,而大范围区域热环境变化对于研究城市热岛效应的形成机制具有重要推动作用.     

黄泥河自然保护区老白山南坡植被垂直带谱及其特点

老白山南坡植被垂直分异现象明显,可划分为5个植被垂直带:蒙古栎阔叶林带、红松阔叶混交林带、鱼鳞云杉暗针叶林带、岳桦林带和偃松林带。由于山体小、下部受人为干扰以及上部被多条沟谷切割,故植被垂直带较窄。山体上部因受沟谷切割,加之分布冰缘地貌石河以及部分植物种具有较强的适应性,所以造成垂直带谱的破碎化。山顶冷湿,地势平坦、发育有沼泽。老白山比长白山白头山纬度高2°,海拔低995m,植被垂直带谱比其多一个偃松带;老白山比大兴安岭英吉里山纬度低7°,海拔高236m,植被垂直带谱比其多一个岳桦林带,说明老白山植被垂直带谱具有从温带向寒带过渡的特点。     

基于植被分区的秦岭年降水分区验证及其年际变化

通过旋转经验正交分解方法对秦岭年降水量进行分区,比较秦岭降水量客观分区与植被南北分界线的一致性,运用滑动t检验、累积距平和小波方法分析了各分区的气候变化特征。主要结论为：秦岭区域可以按年降水量分为4个区域,其中秦岭中段南北分区与植被分区界线相近,走向相同;秦岭各分区多年降水量一致表现为减少趋势,近57年来,各区大约减少了一成左右的降水量;秦岭区域年降水量在近57年里发生了多次转折,最明显的转折期发生在20世纪80年代,2001年前后秦岭区域降水出现了波动增加的趋势,但增加的趋势强度还比较弱,难以达到20世纪80年代的丰水顶峰时期;秦岭各分区最显著震荡周期2~4年。建议在开展气候区划和气候变化研究时,应该考虑年降水量分区与植被自然分区的一致性。     

1970-2015年秦岭南北气温时空变化及其气候分界意义

基于秦岭南北70个气象站点观测资料,辅以极点对称模态分解方法（ESMD）,对秦岭南北近期气温时空变化特征进行分析,进而以日平均温≥ 10 ℃积温天数为主要指标,以1月0 ℃等温线变化为辅助指标,探讨秦岭山脉的气候分界意义。结果表明：① 1970-2015年秦岭南北气温变化具有同步性,呈现出“非平稳、非线性、阶梯状”的增暖过程,变化阶段可分为：1970-1993年为低位波动期、1994-2002年为快速上升期、2003-2015年为增温停滞期;② ESMD信息分解结果表明,秦岭南北气温变化以年际波动为主导,并未呈现出明显的线性增暖趋势;③ 在空间上,秦岭南北气温趋势呈现“同步增温,南北分异”的响应特征,即秦岭以北地区空间增温具有一致性,秦岭以南地区则呈现“西乡—安康盆地交界”、“商丹盆地”两个低值中心;④ 在气候变暖背景下,秦岭作为气候分界线的作用依然明显,但是南北响应方式存在差异。其中,秦岭以南,北亚热带北界沿山地“垂直上升”,汉江谷地热量资源逐年增加;秦岭以北,尽管以城市带为中心的增温区不断延展,但是冷月气温偏低的格局并未改变。     

阿尔金山-祁连山山地植被垂直带谱分布及地学分析

本文揭示阿尔金-祁连山区垂直带谱空间分布模式并进行地学解释。研究表明:北坡荒漠草原带的上限具有随经度变化的二次曲线分布模式,草原带的上限分布为线性模式,亚冰雪带的分布与7月份气温的零度层分布模式基本相同;北坡镜铁山以西的带谱中没有森林带,以东含有森林带,分布在2500³300米的高度范围内。利用气象台站的地面及高空数据,计算了湿度———生长季平均温度露点差随海拔变化的梯度、多年平均温度、1月多年均温、多年平均降水指标以解释带谱分布,结果表明:由东向西,湿度梯度增大,以酒泉为界,西侧的露点温度差梯度大于0.12℃/100米,东部小于0.09℃/100米,与北坡山地森林带分布基本吻合。     

东祁连山南坡现代花粉雨与植被

1 Introduction A significant problem in the analysis of pollen spectra is the incomplete comprehension of the relationship between modern pollen spectra and the vegetation that produces them. Pollen precipitation reflects many factors: pollen production,…     

从事旅游业者对旅游影响认知水平的测量

本文以芦芽山自然保护区为例,采用TWINSPAN和DCA对从事旅游业者对旅游影响程度的认知水平进行了分析。结果表明: (1)TWINSPAN是一种较好的数量分类方法,将32个样本分为成熟积极型、非成熟积极型、退却型和冷漠型4组; (2)DCA第一轴主要反映了样本的性别和收入特征,第二轴反映了样本的受教育程度; (3)优势因子的分布格局在很大程度上决定着样本类型的分布格局; (4)TWINSPAN分类的结果与DCA排序的结果基本一致,具有良好的可比性。它们都客观地反映出从事旅游业者对旅游影响认知水平的生态关系。     

Surface pollen and its relationship to vegetation on the southern slope of the eastern Qilian Mountains

The objective of this study is to investigate pollen-vegetation relationship in the Qilian Mountains. The eastern Qilian Mountains are located in the transitional zone of the Tibetan Plateau, the Loess Plateau and the arid region of Northwest China, which is one of the key areas of global environmental change. A total of 13 surface pollen samples from main vegetation have been collected. Pollen percentages were calculated in all samples. In order to reveal the relationship between pollen composition and the vegetation types from which the soil samples have been collected, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) ordination method was employed on the pollen data. The results show that dominating vegetation types can be recognized by their pollen spectra: Picea crassifolia forest, alpine shrub and alpine meadow as well. Altitude and temperature determine the distribution of the surface pollen and the vegetation. The good agreement between modern vegetation and surface samples across this area provides a measure of the reliability of using pollen data to reconstruct paleoenvironment and paleovegetation patterns in this or other similar regions. However the loss of Betula pollen in forest needs further investigation. Pollen oxidation is the most important factor contributing to the damage of modern pollen in the study area. Pollen concentrations decrease with the increase of pH values of soils, and decrease sharply when the pH exceeds 7.6.     

Attribution analysis for water yield service based on the geographical detector method: A case study of the Hengduan Mountain region

Ecosystem services, which include water yield services, have been incorporated into decision processes of regional land use planning and sustainable development. Spatial pattern characteristics and identification of factors that influence water yield are the basis for decision making. However, there are limited studies on the driving mechanisms that affect the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services. In this study, we used the Hengduan Mountain region in southwest China, with obvious spatial heterogeneity, as the research site. The water yield module in the In VEST software was used to simulate the spatial distribution of water yield. Also, quantitative attribution analysis was conducted for various geomorphological and climatic zones in the Hengduan Mountain region by using the geographical detector method. Influencing factors, such as climate, topography, soil, vegetation type, and land use type and pattern, were taken into consideration for this analysis. Four key findings were obtained. First, water yield spatial heterogeneity is influenced most by climate-related factors, where precipitation and evapotranspiration are the dominant factors. Second, the relative importance of each impact factor to the water yield heterogeneity differs significantly by geomorphological and climatic zones. In flat areas, the influence of evapotranspiration is higher than that of precipitation. As relief increases, the importance of precipitation increases and eventually, it becomes the most influential factor. Evapotranspiration is the most influential factor in a plateau climate zone, while in the mid-subtropical zone, precipitation is the main controlling factor. Third, land use type is also an important driving force in flat areas. Thus, more attention should be paid to urbanization and land use planning, which involves land use changes, to mitigate the impact on water yield spatial pattern. The fourth finding was that a risk detector showed that Primarosol and Anthropogenic soil areas, shrub areas, and areas with slope 5° and 25°–35° should be recognized as water yield important zones, while the corresponding elevation values are different among different geomorphological and climatic zones. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors in different zones should be fully con-sidered while planning the maintenance and protection of water yield services in the Hengduan Mountain region.     

河南省连康山光萼苔科植物区系地理成分研究

该文在研究标本和文献的基础上,介绍河南省连康山自然保护区所产的光萼苔科(Porellaceae)植物2属8种,即光萼苔属Porella(7种)和多瓣苔属Macvicaria(1种)。讨论了它们的生境、识别特征和植物区系地理成分,并编制了河南省连康山自然保护区光萼苔科植物的分属、分种检索表。