基于GIS的浙江省年平均气温空间模拟研究

高精度的空间化气温信息对于区域热量资源利用和农业结构调整等方面具有重要意义。本文选取浙江省72个气象站点1971—2008年的年平均气温作为数据源,以地理信息系统(GIS)为技术平台,采用逆距离权重法、普通克立格、样条法和多元回归法等四种空间插值方法,对研究区年平均气温进行空间插值,通过预设的10个检验站点来对插值结果进行评估。结果表明:多元回归法的相对平均误差、绝对平均误差、均方根误差分别仅为0.010、0.173和0.221℃,误差均小于其他三种插值方法,插值效果最好,对于验证站点的年平均气温模拟最接近实际值。     

基于GIS的新疆地区两种气温插值方法对比研究

以新疆为研究区域,运用气温垂直订正和多元回归+残差订正2种插值方法对研究区105个气象站点2015年月、季、年均温进行空间插值,并通过交叉验证和相关分析方法对其精度进行评价。结果表明:新疆地区气温垂直订正插值法的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别为0.58~1.79℃和0.46~1.17℃,而多元回归+残差订正插值法分别为1.47~2.89℃和0.98~2.23℃;垂直订正插值法得到的气温预测值与实测值的相关系数达0.90~0.98,而多元回归+残差订正插值方法为0.52~0.91;与多元回归+残差订正法相比,气温垂直订正法的误差更小、相关性更好,更适于新疆区域气温的插值。     

一种数值模式初始场垂直插值方案的误差分析

本文对数值模式计算中的初始场进行了误差分析。采用了反复多次利用Lagrange插值和反插值的逐步订正方案,使得等压面上的原始资料插值到等σ面上后形成的初始场具有最小误差。结果表明,所采用的初值化方案收敛较快,形成的初始场精度较高。     

基于DEM的江苏气温空间插值研究

以江苏省及周边39个常规气象站点1957—2001年的月平均气温数据和90 m空间分辨率的DEM数据为基础,采用基于DEM的多元线性回归插值方法,分析多年平均气温与海拔、坡度和坡向等地形因子的相关关系,建立适合该区域的多元回归空间插值模型.同时与反距离权重法(IDW)和克里格(Kriging)插值法等传统方法的计算结果进行对比,并用交叉验证方法比较5种插值方法的精度.结果表明:该研究区各月气温递减率在 0.5~0.9 ℃/(100 m) 左右;基于DEM的多元线性回归空间插值方法(MLR)无论从插值效果还是误差精度上,均优于其他传统插值方法.插值结果客观地表达了气温与各地形要素的相关性,反映了气温的空间变异性.     

FY-3B TOU臭氧总量多元回归插值与验证

FY-3B TOU臭氧总量产品空间分辨率为50 km,在开展小区域或精细化的臭氧研究时,需要获得更高分辨率、更具有准确和可靠性的臭氧插值数据。常规的数据插值方法没有考虑TOU臭氧总量受短波辐射、海拔高度的影响,所得到的插值数据参考性不强。文中介绍TOU多元回归插值方法,方法采用程序设计方式,动态分析TOU与短波辐射、海拔高度之间的相关性,建立一元回归模型,并根据一元回归模型结构建立多元回归模型,再通过多元回归模型对TOU进行插值。使用OMI臭氧总量数据对插值结果开展验证,验证结果表明采用多元回归算法的插值具有较好的可行性。且该插值方法及程序设计对其他类似的数据插值、分析具有一定的借鉴和参考意义。     

新疆地区平均气温空间插值方法研究

基于1981—2008年新疆地区53个测站和甘肃青海邻近10个测站的多年月(年)平均气温进行探索性分析和试验性插值的基础上,以"多元回归+残差内插+地形调节"和"海拔订正+零海拔插值+地形调节"两种混合性气温空间插值方法对该地区的多年月(年)平均气温进行了空间分布插值、交叉验证和对比分析。结果表明,单一的任何一种确定性函数或地统计方法都不能对新疆地区的气温进行较准确的插值,缺乏对影响因子的考虑,与实际情况相差较远;两种混合性插值方法都可以得到较精确的气温空间插值结果,空间分布一致,精度都随月份有所差异,对夏、秋季的插值结果较冬、春季的稳定、精度高;两种方法对夏、秋季各月的插值结果并无显著差异,而在冬、春季后者的误差大于前者。整体而言,"多元回归+残差内插+地形调节"的方法较"海拔订正+零海拔插值+地形调节"法更准确、稳定,但两种方法各有优缺点,应根据实际应用情况进行选择。     

地球静止卫星云图象点定位方法之比较

在假定ＧＭＳ－４地球静止卫星所发定位网格数据的精度满足要求的基础上，通过数学原理分析、改变二维插值顺序、比较插值结果与实际分布等手段，对比分析了利用线性和非线性插值方法给每一个象点定位的结果，发现非线性插值所得结果明显优于线性插值，更加符合实际情况。线性插值的误差在经度方向上较小。可以忽略，但是在纬度方向的误差，即经度误差极为明显。在星下点的左上部，误差由东南向西北迅速增大，有相当一部分地区内经度     

土壤传导—对流热通量计算的初步结果

本文利用气象站的地温资料，设计了一种同时考虑传导，对流两种传热方式时的土壤热通量计算方法，计算了土壤中的传导热通量，对流热通量及总热通量。发现对流热通量与传导热通量具有同样的量级，均为１０＾１－１０＾２ｍＷ／ｍ＾２。另外还初步分析了三种热通量结果与地震的关系，单站热通量序列表明地震前地热能量是持续累积的。     

城市相对湿度的直接模式输出修正预报的研制

给出了一种非统计的直接模式输出（ＤＭＯ）的修正预报方法，它无需任何历史资料（包括数值预报资料及观测资料），仅以我国国家气象中心实时Ｔ１０６模式的离地２ｍ之相对湿度预报格点值（１．１２５°×１．１２５°经纬度）为基础，经非线性插值、部分系统性误差订正及相对湿度的日较差修正后制作全国２６４个城市的相对湿度预报。其中北京、上海、香港等１０个城市的相对湿度预报经预报员把关后，每天晚间由中央电视台播出。     

基于ANUSPLIN软件的逐日气象要素插值方法应用与评估

气象要素是资源、环境、灾害以及全球变化等领域研究的数据基础,格点化数据在未来研究应用中显得日益重要。本文基于中国境内667个基本和基准地面气象观测站点的基本气象资料,使用ANUSPLIN专用气候插值软件对1961-2006年逐日气温、降水进行插值,并利用未参与插值的全国1667个加密站点对插值结果的准确性进行检验,同时与反向距离权重法和普通克吕格法等插值方法的结果进行对比。结果表明,利用667个站点使用ANUSPLIN软件进行逐日平均气温插值有92.0%的误差在2.0℃以内,75.0%的误差在1.0℃以内,0.9%的误差在5.0℃以上,平均绝对误差为0.8℃;对逐日降水进行插值,75.0%的误差小于5.0mm,85%的误差小于10.0mm,平均绝对误差为6.4mm,误差大小与降水量呈现出正相关性,对局地强降水的插值效果不好,这可能与参与局部拟合插值的样本数太少有关;同时,夏季的温度插值误差小于冬季,而冬季的降水误差小于夏季。将ANUSPLIN的局部薄盘样条插值结果分别与反向距离权重法和普通克吕格法的插值结果进行对比,显示ANUSPLIN软件的插值误差最小。结果同样表明,适当增加站点数量和提高DEM精度可进一步提高ANUSPLIN软件的插值精度。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.