中国与俄罗斯及中亚地区的贸易格局分析

作为上海合作组织成员国及丝绸之路经济带的重点区域,俄罗斯及中亚地区与中国经贸关系日益密切,对中国内陆开放及地缘政治安全具有重大意义。利用贸易强度指数、贸易互补性指数、出口集中指数等,对1992-2012年中国与俄罗斯及中亚地区的贸易发展历程及空间格局、进出口产品格局进行深入分析。结果显示双方贸易强度不断提升,且贸易互补性增强,同时俄罗斯及中亚出口产品种类明显增加。当前双方贸易格局呈现以下特点:俄罗斯及中亚形成了以资源类初级产品为绝对主导的出口产品结构,中国则以机械设备及纺织服装等为主;中国对其出口贸易格局是边境贸易与地区产业专业化格局叠加的结果,进口贸易格局则受边境贸易及能源需求格局的影响。     

2022冬奥会背景下北京体育及相关产业集聚研究——基于区位熵及空间基尼系数方法

2015年北京携手张家口联合成功申办2022年冬奥会,北京体育及相关产业迎来重大发展契机。为了测度北京体育及相关产业集聚水平,采用区位熵和空间基尼系数方法对2008—2016年北京体育及相关产业进行测算,分析冬奥会申办成功对北京体育及相关产业空间分布状况和空间分布均衡程度的影响。结果显示:①北京冬奥会的申办对北京体育及相关产业专业化水平和集聚程度具有强化效应;②北京冬奥会对北京体育及相关产业空间集聚有影响,但有时效性。最后为北京市体育及相关产业管控及调整提供政策建议。     

中美及中国周边海洋国家地缘政治关系时空演化

利用全球新闻媒体数据库对中美及中国周边海洋国家的事件关注度和事件影响力进行测算,刻画中美及中国周边海洋国家间地缘政治关系的阶段演变特征,通过社会网络分析法探索不同阶段中美及中国周边海洋国家地缘政治关系的网络特征及热点国家.研究发现:①1991-2018年中美及中国周边海洋国家地缘政治关系演变划分2个阶段:第一阶段(19...     

城市暴雨积涝灾害风险突增效应研究进展

城市暴雨积涝风险突增效应研究对揭示此类风险与人类活动所导致的城市化过程的关系,及用于城市地区灾害风险识别及风险预警均有重要价值。本文从城市因素(地表粗糙度、气溶胶及城市热岛等)影响城市地区降水过程,以及城市地区土地利用和土地覆盖变化(LUCC)影响城市地表水文反应过程2个方面综合论述风险突增效应研究的进展及主要结论。在研究方法上,总结了现有文献所用的暴雨危险性的主要评估模型,认为暴雨危险性计算需要结合雨强及暴雨持续时间。城市地表对暴雨积涝的敏感性分析需借助城市水文模型;在模型分析过程中,应注重雨量数据的有效性,以及城市排水管网、土地利用和土地覆盖等资料的可获取性及概化。为定量评估城市暴雨积涝风险突增效应,需要使用更高时空分辨率的数据资料分析暴雨危险性特征,通过细化及发展城市水文模型,完成敏感性实验分析;在此基础上,综合危险性及敏感性特征,评估城市地区暴雨积涝风险,揭示暴雨积涝风险在城市地区的空间分布差异及风险突增效应。相关成果可用于城市暴雨积涝的风险识别、评估、预警及风险管理。     

近30年来中国地理学及相关学科期刊的发展

1978年以来的30年间,中国地理学及相关学科期刊取得了飞速发展.地理学及相关学科期刊种类增加,覆盖了自然地理、经济地理和地球信息科学等各专业;主办地理学及相关学科期刊的机构包括中国科学院所属研究所、省级科学院所属研究所和高等院校;地理学及相关学科期刊的版面迅速增加.与此同时,地理学及相关学科期刊的学术质量和国际影响力在不断提高,获得了国家期刊奖和各部委的多项奖励,英文版地理学及相关学科期刊被SCI等国际著名检索机构和数据库收录.     

坡面流与坡面侵蚀动力过程研究的最新进展*

在回顾了坡面流及坡面侵蚀过程研究的简史与现状的基础之上,全面总结了坡面流形成机理及其模式、坡面流水动力学特性、坡面侵蚀动力过程及其侵蚀产沙模型诸方面研究的最新进展,并对坡面流各要素分析及坡面小侵蚀陡坎的形成等进行了一些探讨。最后,提出了坡面流及坡面侵蚀过程研究中存在的主要问题及未来展望。     

从城市到乡村:节事及节事旅游在乡村地域的发展动因及其应用前景

对20世纪60年代以来重要的中西方节事及节事旅游文献进行了回顾和总结,归纳和分析了城市领域内节事及节事旅游发展的总体趋势、最新进展及主要研究成果;在此基础上,以城市领域节事及节事研究进展为参照,通过比较研究的方式,依次阐释了乡村地区节事及节事旅游的发展进程、基本内涵、类型划分及发展动因;借鉴西方国家乡村节事发展经验,结合我国乡村节事发展中的具体问题,对其应用前景进行了分析和展望,以期对国内乡村节事发展及相关研究提供有益的理论指导与实践参照。     

广东韶关南华寺水松的年代及生境初步研究

通过树轮钻取样及查考历史资料,论证南华寺水松栽种年代分别为明代正德十四年、清代康熙初年及清代同治末年.取水样作化学分析及收集近数十年环境观测资料,分析水松荣枯的原因.认为环境污染及不恰当人为活动是多株水松枯萎的主要原因.     

全球金融中心的百年竞争:决定金融中心成败的因素及中国金融中心的崛起

本文从全球角度和历史经验论述金融中心发展,尤其是国际金融中心发展的条件、路径和制约因素,并综合"金融地理"、"金融法学"及"时区理论"的观点论述国际金融中心发展及增长。本文并对香港及内地金融中心(上海、北京、深圳)在后金融危机的时代及中国的伟大崛起中的发展机遇,及在全球金融网络的位置及角色和前景作出展望,并对上海建设国际金融中心作出建议。     

创新网络、集群品牌视角的旅游产业集群升级研究——以杭州国际旅游综合体为例

基于旅游产业集群创新网络及品牌视角对旅游产业集群升级路径进行了研究。认为旅游产业集群创新赋予旅游产业集群更多地满足旅游者需求及提升旅游竞争力的能力,为旅游产业集群构建知名品牌、提高市场占有率及旅游集群产业结构优化与升级打下良好基础;旅游产业集群品牌是提升旅游产业集群整体及相关旅游企业经济效益、推动竞争与合作及转变经济增长方式的重要路径,是旅游产业集群升级的重要推动力。     

基于县域单元的江苏省经济空间格局演化

通过ESDA相关分析,描述了20世纪90年代以来江苏省县域经济格局在空间上的变化状况.在经济总体空间格局上,江苏省县域经济发展水平表现出很强的空间自相关性,相似的地区在空间上集聚分布,热点区的空间结构多表现为以苏州、无锡为核心的罔状空间结构,且不断的向东南方向集聚.经济增长空间格局存空间分布上表现出更多的随机性和结构的不稳定性,热点区域切换频繁,没有明显的地理集中现象.江苏经济空间格局连续性和自组织性越来越强,空间分异格局中的随机成份在不断降低,而由空间自相关引起的结构化分异越来越显著,东北-西南方向经济发展的空间差异较小,而东南-西北方向经济发展空间差异最大.最后,将江苏省经济格局演化的驱动力归结为3个方面:历史发展基础、经济区位和区域发展政策.     

Homeward Bound? Searching for home in Inner Sydney's share houses

Share house living arrangements are increasingly popular for young Australians as a result of a variety of economic and social changes such as the declining affordability of home ownership and delayed and decreasing marriage rates. Despite this rise, share housing is little researched. This paper considers the idea of ‘home’ as it exists in Inner Sydney's share houses, by examining the motivations underlying the decision to live in a share house as well as the relationships between housemates, in a sample of households. Share housing was utilised mainly as a response to social factors, such as the attraction of the lifestyle and something of a rite of passage, but was also shaped by economic considerations. Share housing was viewed by most people as transitional yet still meaningful. The vast majority considered their current dwelling to be ‘home’, mainly as a result of the intimacy of relationships between housemates, and the attainment of a sense of comfort and equality.     

SHORT COMMUNICATION VARIATIONS IN ESSENTIAL OILS OF MANDARINE RELATED TO PROCESSING AND RIPENING

Mandarine essential oils are extracted from green unripened fruits as well as from red fruits at ripening,both oils having specific uses as natural additives in the food industry.Two processes of production,pressing and peeling,are currently adopted in their production.Capillary gas chromatography with flameionization detection has been suggested as a sensitive method for the fractionation of volatile componentsof the essential oils.Principal component analysis was proposed as an exploratory chemometric methodfor the differentiation of essential oils from fruits at different degrees of ripening,taking into accountthe processes of production.Product-moment correlations between variables(concentrations of 17components)were used as starting matrices and the explained variance was adopted as a criterion foreigenvalue selection.Bi-plots and three-dimensional plots of unrotated principal component scores weresystematically used as well as those of orthogonally rotated factor scores.The 17 variables were reducedto four principal components,which explained 87% of the total variance.Projection on the first threeeigenvectors of all data as unrotated component scores allowed for a tentative differentiation of 59 oilsaccording to their degree of ripening.The two processes of production were also differentiated in asample of 55 oils.     

中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标体系研究*

中国东部亚热带地区流水侵蚀所引起土地退化的形成,是由其生态环境自身的脆弱性决定的。土地退化不仅表现为土壤退化,还表现为植被退化和土地状况恶化,其发展过程是植被退化-土壤退化-地表状况恶化过程多重循环的结果。据此,提出了中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标。     

华北地文期命名之新见

依据山地侵蚀与平原堆积是一个地文期的两种不同表现形式，以山地侵蚀期与平原粗(包括底部的不整合面)、细(包括表层的风化壳或古土壤)粒物质堆积期相关的原则，对华北地区新生代地文期进行重新命名。晚白垩纪地文期是北台期侵蚀一卢沟桥、无极期堆积，早第三纪地文期是甸子梁期侵蚀—孔店、沙河街期堆积，晚第三纪地文期是唐县期侵蚀—馆陶、明化镇期堆积，早更新世地文期是汾河期侵蚀一固安期堆积，中更新世地文期是湟水期侵蚀—杨柳青期堆积，晚更新世地文期是清水期侵蚀一欧庄期堆积，早、中全新世地文期是板桥期侵蚀—杨家寺、高湾期堆积，晚全新世地文期是段曲期侵蚀一岐口期堆积。     

SCARING CROWS*

A long‐form essay, arranged in a sequence of eight segments, in which I travel the countryside in search of a missing person: the scarecrow. Different aspects of the centuries‐old practice of scarecrow making and bird scaring are described. Traditionally constructed as a likeness of the human form and erected in newly sown fields as a visual method for warding off feeding birds, the existence of this striking farmland contraption is variously reported: as having all but vanished and yet of making unexpected reappearances; as materially functional and complexly meaningful; as a figure summoned up by cultural memory and personal recollection; and as a focus for mixed feelings of loss, nostalgia, estrangement, and community. A version of “geographical portraiture” accumulates, in which a single, scenic landmark stands as the essay's central fascination and simultaneously operates as a cipher for stories old and new, of agricultural society, country life, landscape politics, and rural values.     

Towards a theory of the discordant border

Borders are often portrayed in stark terms, perhaps as national‐scale threats, or as sites of suffering, or conversely as hosts to socio‐cultural symbiosis. Yet borders are many things all at once. In this paper, we use the comparative context of the US–Mexico border and the Mexico‐Guatemala border to critique what we call the ‘border as hegemony’, a borderscape constructed through obstructions, punitive policing and reinforcing the limits of state control. Instead, we propose a model of the ‘border as discord’. In our heuristic framework, diverse mobilities are embraced, interests of borderlanders are acknowledged and prioritized, and borders are interpreted not as a security threat but as a resource for change.     

生态恢复过程中土壤有机碳的变化

对长汀河田严重侵蚀地采取植灌促林生态恢复措施后生态系统的土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳进行了研究，并以未采取生态恢复措施的严重侵蚀退化形成的光板地与村旁受保护的风水林为对照。研究结果表明：采用生态恢复措施以后，土壤有机碳含、贮量分别达到49．03g/kg和54．14t／hm^2，分别是光板地的10．43和4．06倍；土壤DOC含、贮量分别达到1.40g/kg和0．67t／hm^2，分别是光板地的10．00倍和6．50倍；土壤MBC含、贮量分别达到2．60g/kg和1.27t／hm^2，分别是光板地的6．34倍和4．23倍。     

Progress in Norwegian cultural landscape studies

Initially, seven usages of the term cultural landscape in Norwegian academic literature are discussed: as an areal category, as a chronological stage of development, as the human components of any landscape, as countryside, as heritage, as scenery with esthetical qualities, and as elements in the landscape with meaning for human activity. The development of cultural landscape studies in different disciplines is then examined as a response to varying assessments of relevance for problems of society. Finally, the geographer's contribution to Norwegian cultural landscape studies is assessed.     

Curious Indeed,or Curious in Deed? Some peculiarities of post-settlement relations with an antipodean river

Prominent in many historical accounts of European first contact with Australian nature are stories of encounters between European curiosity and curious Australian biota, such as the platypus and the eucalyptus. In this paper, I argue that post-settlement relations with the Goulburn River, one of the largest rivers in south-east Australia, likewise attest to the centrality of curiosity in early European engagements with Australian landscape. In mapping several relational ontologies of the Goulburn River, I attend to the socio-material practices in which this river has been performed as different and as normal. My interest is in a specific form of difference, that of antipodean difference: the river as topsy-turvy, backwards, unusual, or inverted in relation to some presumed norm, whether that norm be rooted in memories and experiences of European rivers or imaginings of an original state of nature. This is a story of how an extraordinary river became ordinary, and of how we might understand antipodean difference as curious in deed (i.e. as performed), rather than as curious indeed (i.e. as an innate quality of Australian nature).