EGM2008重力场模型在兴城物探测量中的应用

以吉林大学兴城物探教学实习测网为例,基于EGM2008重力场模型,采用二次曲面、移动曲线、最小二乘配置、三次样条和反距离加权改正插值法,计算了不同GPS水准点密度情况下的水准面模型,并利用二等水准测量方法验证了计算精度,分析了该模型的适定性。结果表明,三次样条插值法的精度和稳定性最高,其次是移动曲线法和最小二乘配置法;二次曲面拟合的精度最低,反距离加权改正法稳定性最差。所有算法都表明,在研究区,当GPS水准点间隔20 km时,基于EGM2008模型确定的大地水准面精度在0.1 m以内;而采用单独GPS水准点的区域大地水准面模型能达到14cm,完全满足各种比例尺情况下的石油物探测量要求。     

地球物理勘探中几种二维插值方法的误差分析

为了研究采样和网格化方法对地球物理数据成图精度的影响,为野外数据采集布设提供一定的依据,采用数值模拟确定重力异常场场值,通过不同采样间距和不同插值方法计算重力异常绝对误差均方根值和节点处的绝对误差值,对比不同插值方法的误差,得到了如下认识：1）对于同一插值方法而言,存在小间距绝对误差均方根值小于大间距绝对误差均方根值的关系。2）对不同的插值方法而言:当采样间距小于最小异常地质体尺度时,绝对误差均方根值由小到大的顺序是径向基函数法、改进的谢别德法、克里金插值法、自然邻点法、反距离加权插值法、最近邻点法、最小曲率法,并且线性插值三角网法与自然邻点法具有几乎相同的数值;当采样间距大于最小异常地质体尺度时,绝对误差均方根值由小到大的顺序是径向基函数法、改进的谢别德法、克里金插值法、自然邻点法、最小曲率法、最近邻点法、反距离加权插值法,并且线性插值三角网法和自然邻点法具有几乎相同的数值。3）从绝对误差均方值看,径向基函数方法、改进的谢别德方法和克里金方法数值较小,其中径向基函数值绝对误差均方根值最小。4）从节点处绝对误差值来看,径向基函数方法、克里金方法、改进的谢别德方法相对其他插值方法具有更小的误差,不存在局部误差较小或较大的情况,是相对较好的插值方法,并且径向基函数方法是最好的。     

张力样条函数在雨量等值线光滑中的应用研究

本文针对绘制雨量等值线的特点,指出了其他算法对等值线追踪完成后进行光滑时存在的缺点。介绍了张力样条函数的数学原理及其在等值线光滑应用上的优点。经过研究可知,张力样条函数可根据追踪等值线过程中节点的疏密程度自动调整张力系数,解决了光滑邻近等值线时相交这一个棘手的问题。在绘制北京市平谷地区雨量等值线图过程中,应用张力样条函数算法光滑后的雨量等值线图达到了很好的效果。     

样条函数模拟土坡滑动面的效率分析

土坡稳定分析中,二维滑动面通常由一系列点顺序连接产生,并且将点的坐标当作优化变量来搜索临界滑动面,当点的个数较多时会导致优化变量较多;只需给定少量的控制节点,即可利用三次样条函数得到光滑的曲线作为任意滑动面,该法对于含软弱夹层土坡,无需事先指定直线段。利用不平衡推力法计算给定滑动面的安全系数,采取和声搜索算法确定最小安全系数相应的临界滑动面。对3个土坡算例进行了比较分析,比较了常规策略与样条函数方法在模拟土坡滑动面时的效率。     

桩基动测法频谱分析PC-1500机程序

一、功能现在工程民用建筑的桩基动测法方兴未艾,其中计算桩的承载力需测出桩的主振频率。为此,需对所得波形曲线进行频谱分析。本程序利用快速富利叶变换(FFT)将时间域函数h(t)变换为频率域函数H(f),并利用三次样条函数插值法加密,最后绘出频谱曲线。本程序利用具有解析解的函数进行过校验;并对多条实测曲线进行计算的结果,都能较好地突出主振频率。     

非稳定法用张力样条计算模型拟合P—S曲线

本文分析了载荷试验数据处理的非稳定法高次多项式拟合不规则Ｐ－Ｓ曲线的局限性，论述了张力样条函数计算模型拟合不规则Ｐ－Ｓ曲线的可行性，借助工程实例说明地为拟合Ｐ－Ｓ曲线的较好模型。     

数值流形法的T样条局部加密算法

在岩土工程分析中求解精度控制常常是必需的,在数值流形法中可以通过控制数学覆盖网格的稀疏和覆盖位移的阶数来达到精度的要求。提出了基于等几何分析的数值流形方法,定义了相应的数学覆盖的构造形式,推导了基于二次B样条的9节点数值流形方法分析格式;针对基于Lagrange插值函数的4节点数值流形方法提出了基于T样条思想的数学覆盖网格的局部加密方法。算例计算结果表明,相对于4节点的数值流形方法,基于非均匀有理B样条的9节点数值流形方法具有更高的精度;基于T样条思想的加密网格在保持计算精度的前提下降低了自由度的数量,表明T样条加密是一种自然的局部加密算法。     

土壤碳储量计算中不同插值方法对比研究——以吉林省大安市为例

土壤碳储量问题是大气温室效应和全球变化研究的热点问题。本文采用“单位土壤碳量”方法,计算了吉林省大安市表层土壤有机碳总储量和平均土壤有机碳储量,以为全球碳循环研究提供精确的基础数据。分析和比较了反距离加权、全局多项式、局部多项式、径向基函数和普通克里格等不同插值模型对表层单位土壤有机碳储量空间插值结果的影响,结果表明全局多项式插值的均差最小,径向基函数中张力样条法的平均绝对误差最小,普通克里格法的标准差最小。综合分析来看,普通克里格的有理二次方程式模型插值精度最高。      

二维起伏地表直流电场插值法数值模拟

本文提出了一种采用插值法实现边界条件的有限差分数值模拟新方法, 地表函数通过三次样条插值能很好的拟合真实地表形状。其地表边界条件的实现思想是在地表法线方向上寻找一个与地表点位于同一等位线上的点, 该点通过周围点插值来建立离散方程。采用不规则四边形距离加权插值法使插值形式统一化。在水平地表情况下做的数值解与解析解的对比分析表明: 该方法的计算精度适合要求, 对山谷模型的实例计算也得到了视电阻率与地形成镜像对称的结果。     

SD法在西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床资源量估算中的应用

SD(最佳结构曲线断面积分储量计算和储量审定计算)法诞生于20世纪80年代,是在对传统法和样条函数法改进并与距离幂次反比法等方法结合的基础上发展起来的新方法,在储量估算领域内具有一定的先进性。多金属矿多种元素共生的情况使资源量的计算变得复杂。对西藏甲玛铜多金属矿使用SD法和平行断面法进行资源量估算,结果对比证明SD方法能较好地适用于多金属矿的资源量计算。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861