关于东海黑潮流量某些特征的分析

基于1955-1990年G－PN断面资料，详细分析东海黑潮流量的分布特征及其变异，以进一步研究东海黑潮流量的变化规律。主要结果表明，（1）东海黑潮流量的多年平均值为22．7×106m3/s，春、夏和冬3季，流量的多年平均值相差甚小。（2）G－PN断面两段不同观测期间内，多年平均流量及其季节变化皆有一定差别。（3）东海黑潮流量的分有存在一定的区域性差异，与通过G－PN断面的流量相比，台湾东侧海域的黑潮流量较大，而吐噶喇海峡的流量略小些。     

东海黑潮区域性变异的分析

基于中日黑潮合作调查研究期间所获历史和现场观测资料,本文较详细地分析了东海黑潮区域性变异.结果表明:(1)与PN断面及其邻近海域的黑潮中段相比,台湾东北海域的黑潮南段,流轴有较大弯曲,并有明显的季节变化.但该海域黑潮的流速和流幅,以及它们的季节间变幅却比黑潮中段和北段小.(2)东海黑潮南段不仅流轴变化复杂,而且其左侧常有气旋性冷涡出现.而黑潮中、北段接壤区,既是黑潮向东流的转折处,又是黑潮锋面涡旋频繁发生的区域.可认为该两处海域是黑潮影响东海及其邻近海域的关键区段.(3)初步分析指出,地形是导致黑潮区域性变异的主要因素.此外,季风和密度场的变化也起着重要的作用.     

西太平洋暖池热含量变化与东亚冬季风关系

利用 1955-2003 年 NCEPNCAR 再分析资料和美国 Scripps 海洋研究所环境数据分析中心 ( JEDAC ) 提供的冬季热含量资料,采用小波分析、相关及合成分析等方法, 分析了西太平洋暖池热含量变化特征及其与东亚冬季风关系.结果表明,西太平洋暖池热含量与东亚冬季风有着非常密切的联系,当西太平洋暖池热含量异常偏高时,对流层低层在菲律宾及以东洋面形成一个异常的气旋性环流,中国大陆上空形成一个异常的反气旋性环流,从而使得东亚冬季风在东南区加强,西北区减弱.     

黑潮与东海水交换研究

利用高分辨率ROMS(regional ocean modeling system)数值模式模拟东海地区的多年平均流态。数值模拟结果在黑潮的流速、路径、流量等方面与近年来对黑潮的认识相一致。利用模式结果,计算东海及邻近海域主要水道的水通量。结果表明:台湾海峡、中国台湾-西表岛之间水道是海水进入东海的主要通道,对马海峡、吐噶喇海峡、大隅海峡与西表岛-宫古岛-冲绳岛-庵美大岛之间水道是海水流出东海的主要通道。分析PN断面的流量的变化特征,结果表明黑潮流量在春季与夏季较大,秋季与冬季较小,年平均流量为24.16 Sv,与前人研究结果一致。计算跨越200 m等深线的年平均净向岸体积输送为0.99 Sv,在台湾东北与九州西南地区表现为黑潮入侵陆架地区,年平均入侵流量分别为1.907 Sv与0.065 Sv,在黑潮中段地区,跨越200 m等深线流量呈现交错状分布,年平均净通量为0.982 Sv,表现为由东海陆架地区流向黑潮。上述结果对黑潮与东海之间物质与能量交换研究有一定参考价值。     

台湾以东及东海南部黑潮的动力研究

一个数值计算模型用以模拟黑潮受南东海大陆坡折阻挡时的路径变化,参照台湾东北部实际地形,本文设计了一个理想化的计算区域。计算结果表明,一部分黑潮水受阻于坡折而直接右拐,另一部分爬坡侵入陆架,而后回到坡折,与前一部分汇合一起几乎沿着坡折前进。通过数值分析,我们得到,在台湾东部及东北部附近,非线性效应不可忽略,而在其他海区,地转平衡是一种很好的近似。惯性效应是黑潮源地涡旋的主要形成机制。黑潮在陆架坡折附近的流型是以定态地形Rossby波表现出来的。波长与基本流的流速、涡度及涡度的侧向剪切有关。另外,波长分布不但与地形坡度,而且也与水深有关。在坡折附近,随着水深变浅,其波长逐渐变短。这种流态在我们的数值模拟结果中得到了显示,并且与实测资料中的陆架坡折附近水温等值线的弯曲形态是一致的。     

8 ka来东海内陆架泥质区高分辨率沉积记录对东亚冬季风的响应

依据东海内陆架泥质区D03钻孔岩芯沉积物高分辨率粒度分析结果,筛选了对东亚冬季风有良好显示的敏感粒级,结合高精度年代框架,揭示了近8 ka以来东亚冬季风波动在泥质区的沉积记录,包括11个千年尺度的气候波动事件和5.4~4.9、1.8 kaBP以来的百年尺度的快速气候波动。与石笋、冰芯和泥炭的氧同位素曲线对比发现,东亚冬季风增强与世界范围的“8.2 ka”、“4.9 ka”、“3.8 ka”、“1.4 ka”和小冰期事件均有良好的对应关系,建立了全新世东亚冬季风增强与气候变冷事件的内在联系。8 ka以来东亚冬季风的演化大致可以分为3个阶段,即8.2~4.8 kaBP中高频波动期、4.8~1.8 kaBP波动较弱稳定期和1.8 kaBP以来的高频波动期。     

东海黑潮暖舌对热带气旋“派比安”(1807)强度的影响

通过使用天气研究与预报(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF)模式对热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC)个例“派比安”(1807)进行了一组数值试验,分析了东海黑潮暖舌对“派比安”强度的影响。研究结果表明,东海黑潮暖舌高海面温度(以下简称“海温”)导致TC区域内海气界面热通量显著增加,并造成TC边界层不稳定特征发展,形成了有利于垂直对流发展的边界层环境。因此TC内特别是TC眼墙处对流更为活跃,TC强度显著提高,同时黑潮暖舌对TC的局部加热还会引起TC内部对流活动的非对称分布。根据数值试验的结果,黑潮暖舌为“派比安”整体动能增加做出约24.7%的贡献,中心气压变化对东海黑潮暖舌高海温特征的响应时间约为10 h。此外,在黑潮暖舌作用下,“派比安”7级风圈半径扩张16.3%,最大风速半径收缩10.7%。     

最近1 000 ka来东亚冬季风变化的多时间尺度分析

以洛川黄土剖面中〉３０ｕｍ的粗颗粒含量作为东亚冬季风强度代用指标,根据模式并结合绝对年代控制点建立了较精确的独立的时间标尽。对该时间序列进行了小小变换分析和频谱分析。结果表明,这１０２４ｋａ以来东亚冬季风变化在１２８ｋｇ和６４ｋａ时间尺度上最大,更短或更长的时间尺度冬季风变化幅度减小。东亚冬季风变化的１００ｋｇ和２１ｋｇ等周期可能受地球轨道运动驱动的太阳辐射量变化控制,而５７ｋａ和３３ｋａ等周期的     

东海黑潮温度锋分布特征研究

采用WOA13气候态季节温度数据,利用绝对梯度法对东海黑潮不同水深海洋锋的季节变化特征进行了分析,得出结论：东海黑潮温度锋具有显著的季节变化特征,它的范围和强度存在多个大值区,不同季节,温度锋的大值区存在于不同深度。在200 m以浅海域,按照冬季、春季、夏季的季节顺序,温度锋的大值区由表层逐渐增加到100 m层处;在200 m以深海域温度锋的大值区没有季节变化,大值区大约出现在400 m层附近。     

东海黑潮温盐与中国东部气温和降水的相互关系

采用东海黑湖主流段长时间序列的实测温盐资料,研究了东海黑潮上层温度、上层盐度的变化及其与中国东部降水和地面气温的关系。结果表明,在过去50年内,东海黑潮上层海温呈上升趋势,而上层盐度略呈下降趋势。东海黑潮上层海温和我国东部地面气温的关系在冬季十分密切,呈现出大面积显著的正相关,这与冬季南下冷空气的整体降温作用有关。夏季,长江中下游江水的增多致使大量长江冲淡水入海,导致黑潮上层水盐度下降,此时东海黑潮上层盐度与我国大陆东部降水呈负相关。     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1992

INTRODUCTIONMostofpreviousstudiesshowthatthedynamicmethodswereoftenusedtocomputethevelocityandVToftheKuroshiointheEastChinaSea(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993).Duringrecentyearsdifferentkindsofinversemethodshavebeentriedby*ThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49776287.1.Secondinstituteofoceanography,StateOceanicAdministration,Hangzhou310012,ChinaYuanetul(1988,1991,1992a,1992b,1993,1994,1995).Theircalculatedresultsshowt…     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1993 and 1994

INTRODUCTIONTherearemanyworksabouttheKuroshioVTintheEastChinaSeaanditsseasonalvariabil*ThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNo.49776287.1.SecondinstituteofOceanography,StateOceanicAdministration,Hangzhou310012,Chinaity(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993;Yuanetal.,1990,1993,1994,1995).Thecomputationmethodusedtobethedynamicmethod(Guan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;SunandKaneko,1993),butrecentlytheinverseandthemodifiedinversemetho…     

Variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea in 1995

INTRODUCTIONTherearemanyresearchworksabbottheKUrOShioVTanditSSeaSOnalvacationintheEastChinaho(GUan,1988;Nishizawaetal.,1982;TangandTaShiro,1993;SunandKaneko,1993;Yuanetal.,1990;Yuanetal.,1993;Yuanetal.,1994;Yuanetal.,1995;LiuandYuan,1997a,b).~previou...     

1992年东海黑潮的变异

基于1992年4个航次的水文调查资料,运用改进逆方法计算了东海黑潮的流速、流量和热通量．计算结果表明：（1）PN断面黑潮在春季和秋季都有两个流核,冬季和夏季则只有一个流核．主核心皆位于坡折处．Vmax值春季最大,冬季和夏季次之,而秋季最小．黑潮以东及以下都存在逆流．（2）TK断面黑潮在冬季为两核,春、夏季为3核．海峡南端及海峡深处存在西向逆流．（3）通过A断面的对马暖流Vmax值在秋季最大,冬季最小．黄海暖流位于其西侧,相对较弱．（4）通过PN断面净北向流量夏季最大,秋季最小,而冬、春季介于上述二者之间,1992年四季平均值为28．0×106m3/s;TK断面的净东向流量也是在夏季最大;A断面净北向流量则在秋季最大．（5）PN断面4个航次的平均热通量为2．03×1015W．TK断面3个航次的平均热通量为2．00×1015W．（6）在计算海区,冬、春和秋季都是由海洋向大气放热;夏季则从大气吸热．冬季海面上热交换率最大,而夏季热交换率最小．关键词##4东海;;黑潮;;季节变化     

Study on interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshio water in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

The main processes of interaction between the coastal water, shelf water and Kuroshiowater in the Huanghai Sea (HS) and East China Sea (ECS) are analyzed based on the observation and study results in recent years. These processes include the intrusion of the Kuroshio water into the shelf area of the ECS, the entrainment of the shelf water into the Kuroshio, the seasonal process in the southern shelf area of the ECS controlled alternatively by the Taiwan Strait water and the Kuroshio water intruding into the shelf area, the interaction between the Kuroshio branch water, shelf mixed water and modified coastal water in the northeastern ECS, the water-exchange between the HS and ECS and the spread of the Changjiang diluted water.     

Role of Kuroshio frontal eddy in exchange between shelf water and Kuroshio water in East China Sea

Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf, intrusion of the shelf mixed waterinto the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of the frontal eddy are analyzed on the basis of satellite infrared images and hydrologic, chemical and biological observations. Results show that the Kuroshio frontal eddies play a very important role in the exchange between the shelf water and the Kuroshio water. The estimation of the average volume transports for three frontal eddy events indicates that the shelf mixed water entrained by an eddy into Kuroshio is 0.44×10~6 m3/s and the reversal Kuroshio water onto the shelf region only 0.04×10~6 m3/s. Along the whole shelf edge, the volume transport of the shelf mixed water entrained by the eddies into the Kuroshio is 1.8×10~6 m3/s. The nutrient (NO3-N) flux pumped to the euphotic zone and input to the continental shelf through a column with 1 m wide is 974 μmol/(s·m) when there is frontal eddy and only 79 μmol/(s·m) in the case of no frontal eddy. Yearly nutrient (NO3-N) flux input to the shelf area caused by the frontal eddy is 1.7×10~5 t/a.     

Impact of Kuroshio on the dissolved oxygen in the East China Sea region

A marine survey was conducted from 18 May to 13 June 2014 in the East China Sea (ECS) and its adjacent Kuroshio Current to examine the spatial distribution and biogeochemical characteristics of dissolved oxygen (DO) in spring. Waters were sampled at 10?25 m intervals within 100 m depth, and at 25?500 m beyond 100 m. The depth, temperature, salinity, and density (sigma- t ) were measured in situ with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor. DO concentrations were determined on board using traditional Winkler titration method. The results show that in the Kuroshio Current, DO content was the highest in the euphotic layer, then decreased sharply with depth to about 1 000 m, and increased with depth gradually thereafter. While in the ECS continental shelf area, DO content had high values in the coastal surface water and low values in the near-bottom water. In addition, a low-DO zone off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary was found in spring 2014, and it was formed under the combined influence of many factors, including water stratification, high primary productivity in the euphotic layers, high accumulation/ sedimentation of organic matter below the euphotic layers, and mixing/transport of oceanic current waters on the shelf. Most notable among these is the Kuroshio intruded water, an oceanic current water which carried rich dissolved oxygen onto the continental shelf and alleviated the oxygen deficit phenomenon in the ECS, could impact the position, range, and intensity, thus the formation/destruction of the ECS Hypoxia Zone.