泰国近海习见有毒立方水母和钵水母的遗传分析

本研究利用线粒体16S rDNA和核基因18S rDNA片段,对泰国沿海常见的有毒水母进行遗传分析,并比较了2个基因片段作为通用分子标记,在研究水母类多个纲的遗传多样性中的应用。研究发现,泰国近海的有毒水母存在较高的遗传多样性,所获得的32个样品可以分为9个种,包括4种钵水母、4种立方水母和1种水螅水母。然而,完全确定各种的分类地位,还需要更多的形态、生活史等方面信息。两个基因片段均能明确区分各种类,但核基因18S序列比线粒体基因片段更为保守。根据16S基因片段序列计算水母种内和种间的K2P(Kimura 2-parameter)遗传距离,发现所研究的9个水母种类,种内遗传距离在0~0.050之间,其中94%的种内遗传距离小于0.040,同纲种间的遗传距离为0.204~0.474,其中91%的种间遗传距离大于0.250;而利用18S基因,种内距离在0~0.002之间,同纲种间距离为0.008~0.066(平均为0.038,SE=0.006)。16S的AT碱基含量明显高于核基因18S,且16S的碱基含量在不同纲之间有显著差异,进一步表明水母线粒体16S基因的突变率相对较高,适合研究水母较低分类阶元以及种下的遗传差异。     

安达曼海的热收支分析及其水交换研究

The characteristics of the T/S structures, water mass exchange and deep circulation in the Andaman Sea are investigated based on the simulation from a high-resolution general circulation model(MITgcm). The results show that, below 1 000 m, the water mass is saltier, warmer and more homogeneous in the Andaman Sea than that in the Bay of Bengal, attributing to the strong vertical mixing at the depth of ～1 800 m. The water mass exchange between the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal goes through three major channels, which manifests itself as follows: the northern channel(Preparis Channel) is the main passage of water mass transport from the Bay of Bengal to the Andaman Sea, whereas the Middle Channel(the south of Andaman Islands and the north of Nicobar Islands) has an opposite transport; the southern channel(Great Channel) features with a four-layer water exchange which results in the least net transport among the three channels; all the transports through the three channels have an intra-annual variation with a period of half a year. At 1 000-m depth, the entire Andaman Sea is occupied by a cyclonic circulation in January and July while by an anticyclonic one in April and October. The semiannual cycle found in both the deep circulation and water mass exchange is likely associated with the downwelling eastward-propagating Kelvin waves induced by the semiannual westerly component in the equatorial Indian Ocean during intermonsoon seasons.     

胶州湾水母类生态研究Ⅱ.优势种丰度的时空分布

根据2003年5月-2004年9月胶州湾浮游生物浅水Ⅰ型网中水母的调查资料,分析了胶州湾水母类优势种丰度的季节变化及水平分布.结果表明,对于优势度最大的优势种,半球美螅水母一年中有6月和9（8）月两个丰度高峰,2003年6月丰度最高,达29.5ind/m^3,占当月水母总丰度的47.2 %;薮枝螅水母一年中有9（8）月份和4月份两个丰度高峰,2003年9月份的丰度最高,达12.9ind/m3,占当月水母总丰度的17.4%,4月份该种的丰度占水母总丰度的93.1%;五角水母在9月份丰度高达28.8ind/m^3,占当月水母总丰度的38.7%;八斑芮氏水母2、3月份的丰度均很高,分别为64.7ind/m3、118.0ind/m3,分别占水母总平均丰度的99.5%和98.0 %.对于优势度较小的优势种：四枝管水母、日本真瘤水母、四手触丝水母,真拟杯水母和锡兰和平水母,由于在个别月份占优势,其丰度高低随种类的不同及所在月份的不同而不同.就丰度水平分布来讲,不同优势种类的分布不同时间有所不同,但其丰度分布大都倾向于以湾顶区、湾西部、湾东北部、东部港口沿岸、黄岛沿岸为密集中心.     

Diseases and compromised health states of massive Porites spp. in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea

In this study, we assess coral health by detecting the severity of coral diseases and compromised health states on massive Porites. Field surveys are conducted at twenty-two sites covering the eastern, inner and western Gulf of Thailand as well as the Andaman Sea during 2010-2015. A total of nine coral diseases and signs of compromised health are observed in the waters of Thailand, consisting of pigmentation responses (pink lines, pink patches, pink spots and pink borers), white syndromes (white patches, white bands and ulcerative white spots), growth anomalies, and unusual bleaching patterns. The highest severity of all observed coral diseases and signs of compromised health are found at Ko Khang Khao in the inner Gulf of Thailand, while that observed in the Andaman Sea is relatively low. Composition of the diseases vary across the study sites. Four groups of study sites, in which there is an 80% similarity of diseases or signs of compromised health composition, are clustered and detected based on the Bray-Curtis similarity. The canonical analysis of principal coordinates reveal that most study sites in the Gulf of Thailand, especially the inner Gulf of Thailand, tend to show a high severity of the diseases. The association of disease severity and composition and the level of human impact are also detected. The study sites located near the shores and/or the areas with intensive tourism tend to have higher human impact, especially on poor water quality, which may be linked to the higher severity and composition of coral diseases and signs of compromised health in the Gulf of Thailand. Fish bites are also observed in many study sites. The severity of fish bites in the Gulf of Thailand is much lower compared to the Andaman Sea. Ko Rawi exhibits the highest severity, following by Ko Surin Nua and Ko Butang. The study sites within marine national park boundaries have a significantly higher severity of fish bites than those outside of the marine national park boundaries. This study suggests that higher coral diseases and signs of compromised health severity might be linked to anthropogenic disturbances on coral communities in the waters of Thailand.     

中国东海颈栉虫属(多毛纲:双栉虫科)一新记录种

本文报道和描述了中国东海双栉虫科颈栉虫属一新记录种,沃氏颈栉虫。本文标本与沃氏颈栉虫的原始描述非常吻合,包括具有两对鳃,胸齿片刚节具有两对加长的腹疣足和具有12个腹部齿片刚节。本文的标本具有长的须状的鳃,可延伸到胸部第9刚节,这在原始描述中没有提及。本文首次在中国海域记录本种。     

中国东南海域拟菱形藻属的新记录种和产毒种

拟菱形藻属（Pseudo-nitzschia）物种是一类备受关注的海洋有毒有害硅藻,我国相关研究仍然不足,已报道的物种多样性偏低,产毒物种也较少。为了解我国海域拟菱形藻属的物种多样性,阐述产毒物种信息,在我国东南海域建立了8个拟菱形藻单克隆培养株系,结合形态学和分子系统学数据,鉴定到2个物种:环孔拟菱形藻（Ps.circumpora C.H.Lim,C.P.Leaw&P.T.Lim）和多列拟菱形藻[Ps.multiseries（Hasle） Hasle],其中环孔拟菱形藻是我国的新记录种。利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法检测了藻株的多莫酸（domoic acid,DA）特征,在5个多列拟菱形藻株系中检测到DA,单细胞产毒水平为1.01~96.11 fg。此外,利用卤虫（Artemia salina L.）和强额拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus crassirostris Dahl）对多列拟菱形藻的产毒株系（MC4177）进行诱导,发现能够提高其单细胞产毒水平,提高幅度在26~55倍。     

Nursery areas of red mullet (Mullus barbatus), hake (Merluccius merluccius) and deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) in the Eastern-Central Mediterranean Sea

The spatial pattern of the nursery areas of red mullet (Mullus barbatus), hake (Merluccius merluccius) (Linnaeus, 1758) and deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) (Lucas, 1846) was studied in the South Adriatic and North Ionian Seas (Eastern-Central Mediterranean) applying geostatistical techniques and data from time series trawl surveys conducted in the area. The analysed variables were: R (number of recruits/km²) and R/Tot (fraction of recruits on the total sampled population). The structural analysis showed a spatial pattern of both variables characterized by continuity on a small scale. Predictions of nursery area localization with probability of finding recruits at different threshold values were obtained through median indicator kriging. For the red mullet the nurseries were mainly identified in the South Adriatic Sea off the Gargano peninsula and between Molfetta and Monopoli within 50 m in depth. The main concentration of hake juveniles was found to be between 100 and 200 m in depth along the Gargano peninsula and between Otranto and Santa Maria di Leuca, where a nursery of deep-water rose shrimp was also detected. An overlapping depth, between 100 and 200 m, was identified for hake and deep-water rose shrimp nurseries. Protection of these areas through limitations of fishing pressure is discussed.     

南海腹突平头水蚤新记录(甲壳纲:桡足亚纲:平头水蚤科)

本文基于南海采集的浮游动物标本,详细描述了腹突平头水蚤Candacia varicans Giesbrecht,1892的雌雄个体形态分类特征。本文报道腹突平头水蚤雄性个体是中国海的首次记录。腹突平头水蚤雄性在形态上与武平头水蚤和短平头雄性个体相似,但腹突平头水蚤可以通过以下几个特征与上述两个物种区分：1）头胸部：末胸节后侧角尖锐,左右对称;2）生殖节：右侧下缘具一个指向后方的小突起;3）第五胸足：右足第3节近末端背面具1片状突起。     

中国南海蓝泥瓷海星(棘皮动物门:瓷海星科)新纪录

瓷海星科是一类深海底栖海星,广泛分布于全球大洋深海中。其模式种蓝泥瓷海星（Porcellanaster ceruleus Wyville Thomson 1878）具有全球分布性与多态性。本文报道了该物种在中国海的首次记录。2015年6月6日,在向阳红10号执行的南海底栖生物调查航次中,于C₁₉站位（10.15°N,110.03°E;水深1400m）由三角形拖网采集到海星一只,经鉴定为蓝泥瓷海星。本文提供了该样品的形态描述与细节照片,讨论了其与该种模式样品的共同形态特征及个体差异,并总结了蓝泥瓷海星的全球分布记录。该种在中国海的首次发现,进一步拓展了其地理分布范围。     

中国海域南褐虾属种类记述(甲壳动物亚门, 十足目, 褐虾科)

为了搞清中国海域存在的南褐虾(Philocheras)的生物多样性和地理分布,作者通过形态学特征系统研究了中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆馆藏的南褐虾标本,此标本主要采自中国海域,也检查了部分采自菲律宾海域的标本。本研究和相关文献的结果表明:中国海域存在的南褐虾共计7种,包括作者描绘的4种以及在其他文献中提到的3种。作者对本次研究的4种南褐虾提供了详细的鉴别特征、地理分布、外部整体图和附肢结构图,并对中国海域存在的7种南褐虾提供了检索表。     

东海蛾螺科(Buccinidae)三新记录种及一种名修订

在整理近年来东海采集的蛾螺科标本时,鉴定出属于角亮螺属Antillophos的3个中国新记录种,并发现了一错误订名,现予以报道和修正。新记录种分别为:环带角亮螺Antillophos armillatus Fraussen&Poppe,2005;德氏角亮螺Antillophos deprinsi Fraussen&Poppe,2005和平濑角亮螺Antillophos hirasei（Sowerby,1913）。棕线角亮螺Antillophos nigrolineata（Habe,1961）于2013年曾在台湾报道过,但被误定为Phos elegantissimum Hayashi&Habe,1965,本文对其种名进行了修正。     

Oceanic distribution and life cycle of Calanus species in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters

The distribution and demography of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus were studied throughout their growth season on a basin scale in the Norwegian Sea using ordination techniques and generalized additive models. The distribution and demographic data were related to the seasonal development of the phytoplankton bloom and physical characteristics of water masses. The resulting quantified relationships were related to knowledge on life cycle and adaptations of Calanus species. C. finmarchicus was the numerically dominant Calanus species in Coastal, Atlantic and Arctic waters, showing strong association with both Atlantic and Arctic waters. C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis were associated with Arctic water; however, C. glacialis was occasionally observed in the Norwegian Sea and is probably an expatriate advected into the area from various origins. Demography indicated one generation per year of C. finmarchicus, a two-year life cycle of C. hyperboreus, and both one- and two-year life cycles for C. glacialis in the water masses where they were most abundant. For the examined Calanus species, young copepodites of the new generation seemed to be tuned to the phytoplankton bloom in their main water mass. The development of C. finmarchicus was delayed in Arctic water, and mis-match between feeding stages and the phytoplankton bloom may reduce survival and reproductive success of C. finmarchicus in Arctic water. Based on low abundances of C. hyperboreus CI–III in Atlantic water and main recruitment to CI prior to the phytoplankton bloom, we suggest that reproduction of C. hyperboreus in Atlantic water is not successful.     

中国海域长眼寄居蟹属两个新记录种

在我国南海海域大型底栖生物进行分类和多样性研究中,发现我国长眼寄居蟹属2个新记录种,紫斑长眼寄居蟹(Paguristes gonagrus)和条纹长眼寄居蟹(Paguristes runyanae),并对其进行描述。紫斑长眼寄居蟹采集自海南岛,主要特征为：螯足和步足密布刚毛,第一触角柄未达到角膜基部,螯足腕节、掌节背面刺和突起密集而发达,螯足和第二、三步足长节末端有紫色色斑;条纹长眼寄居蟹采集于西沙群岛,主要特征为：右螯足略大于左螯足,第一触角柄短,长度仅为眼柄长度的1/2,螯足和第二、三步足背腹面均有黄色条纹。