Developing a Virtual Reality User Interface (VRUI) for Geographic Information Retrieval on the Internet

The exponential growth of the World Wide Web provides the potential for greatly enhanced dissemination of global data-sets and information. However, the concurrent rise in data supply also means that new tools are required for information retrieval beyond the conventional graphical user-interface (GUI). This paper reviews the development of web-based GIS functionality and demonstrates how the multi-dimensional capabilities of VR tools can bring enhanced data exploration and visualisation onto the Internet by providing a more powerful 3D user-interface to identify and query data-sets. One key to the development of such interactive tools is the link between the Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) and the JAVA platform, which together allow dynamic 3D content to be accessed through a web browser. Exploration of large diverse data-sets is demonstrated by a prototype system allowing the integration of terrain-based geoscience data-sets for scientific visualisation and education. The current limitations of the technology are discussed and further suggestions are made to improve the information content of the Internet.     

甘肃省国土资源科学发展与信息化建设

本文以深入学习实践科学发展观活动为切入点,结合甘肃省国土资源工作实际,就如何贯彻落实科学发展观,构建保障和促进科学发展新机制,大力推进国土资源信息化建设,为甘肃经济社会发展提供服务保障,提出了一些看法和建议,与大家共同商榷。     

国土资源科技管理统计指标体系的设计

科技统计指标体系是对科技活动进行统计的重要工具。本文从国土资源科技管理的角度对科技统计指标体系进行分析和补充,细化了科技投入与研发、科技人才培养、科技产出、国际科技合作的量化值,进一步丰富和完善了科技统计的指标体系。     

面向资源监管 实施“金土工程”为国土资源管理科学化现代化服务——在“国土资源信息化建设研讨会”上的讲话

各位来宾、朋友们、同志们:很高兴与各位相聚在春城昆明,共同探讨国土资源信息化建设问题。首先,我代表国土资源部,向各位代表表示热烈的欢迎!向长期以来关心、支持国土资源信息化建设的各界人士表示诚挚的问候!向给予这次研讨会大力支持的国务院信息化工作办公室、云南省人民政府、云南省国土资源厅表示衷心的感谢!     

国土资源科技成果管理与发布信息系统设计与开发

国土资源科技成果管理与发布信息系统设计依托于国土资源部内外网和单机版环境,采用成熟先进的．NeT、数据库、XML等技术,实现了各类数据的管理、查询与维护。系统包括科技成果登记管理发布子系统、科技奖励申报管理发布子系统、外事资料和考察报告汇交子系统和科技成果网4个子系统。系统设计具有先进性、开放性和安全性等特点。     

国土资源科技成果管理信息化现状与展望

本文通过对国土资源部科技成果管理现状和国内外科技成果管理水平的分析,构建了国土资源科技成果管理主流程信息化发展的基本思路和框架,并对实施国土资源科技成果管理信息化提出了建设性意见。     

激光照排机驱动程序设计

在介绍激光照排机工作原理、激光照排机控制接口电路的基础上,详细介绍了磁盘中的图形文件数据的读取方法、图形文件的表示形式及位图文件的分段存取和输出方法。既解决了输出数据量大与存贮空间小的矛盾,又解决了输出速度快与磁盘存取速度慢的矛盾,实现了整幅位图数据文件连续读取、分段传送、多级缓冲、激光照排机连续输出多幅图形的功能。     

The Basic Formal Ontology as a Reference Framework for Modeling the Evolution of Administrative Units

In information systems, ontologies promise advantages such as enhanced interoperability, knowledge sharing, and integration of data sources. In this article, we show that the upper ontology Basic Formal Ontology can facilitate the modeling of an evolution of administrative units. This is demonstrated by creating a spatiotemporal ontology for the administrative units of Switzerland. The ontology tackles the problem that the geometric data is typically captured by taking snapshots at regular intervals while the thematic data is continually updated. The ontology presented merges time‐stamped geometries with a formally described history of administrative units, allowing for complex spatiotemporal queries neither standard approach would support. The resulting populated knowledge base was evaluated against a set of spatiotemporal test queries. The evaluation showed that this knowledge base supports a wide range of queries on the evolution of the administrative units of Switzerland between 1960 and 2010.     

Expanding Display Size and Resolution for Viewing Geospatial Data: A User Study with Multiple-Monitor High-Resolution Displays

Multiple-monitor configurations provide attainable, low-cost ways to create large, high-resolution displays. Increased screen space is particularly useful for viewing and interpreting rich, complex geospatial datasets, as both context and amount of detail can be simultaneously increased. To explore the utility of increasing display size and resolution for viewing geospatial data, this experiment required 57 subjects to perform map and image reading tasks using raster and vector data on one of three different monitor configurations: one (1280 × 1024 pixels), four (2560 × 2048 pixels), and nine (3840 × 3072 pixels). A computer program captured subject performance by recording answers, mouse-click locations, viewing areas, tool usage, and elapsed time. A post-experiment questionnaire obtained additional qualitative feedback about subjects' testing experiences. Overall, subjects performed more efficiently on the larger display configurations, as evidenced by a reduction in completion time and in virtual navigation (mouse clicks) used to finish the test. Tool usage also differed among monitor conditions, with navigation tools dominating on the single monitor and selection tools (tools used to provide answers) dominating on the nine-monitor display. Although overall results indicated the effectiveness of larger displays, task-level analyses showed that performance varied considerably from task to task.     

利用网络泛地图资源评价15 min生活圈医疗服务可达性: 以上海市为例

现阶段中国投入大量资源用于基层医疗卫生服务能力建设,以15 min医疗圈为目标建设了卫生室、医保点等多种基层医疗保障设施,评价其可达性有助于设施的合理规划和优化调整。充分利用在线地图、人口热力图、路径规划服务、等时圈范围服务等泛地图资源,在基于胡弗模型的两步移动搜索法(Huff-based two-step floating catchment area method, Huff 2SFCA)的基础上,从出行能力差异、人口昼夜分布的角度进行改进,形成15 min核酸采样圈评价框架。以中国上海市为例分析15 min生活圈医疗设施可达性,结果显示: (1)研究区域内除宝山和浦东外的各行政区,15 min核酸采样圈的面积覆盖率和人口覆盖率均在90%以上,其中虹口、静安的可达性最高。(2)受通勤人群职住分离的影响,常住人口较多的地区在白天容易出现可达性过高的情况,且可达性在夜间降低,相反,产业聚集的地区夜间可达性明显升高。(3)外围的浦东、宝山等开发区呈现出可达性两极分化的特点,发展完善的居住板块可达性偏高,发展中的新产业园区可达性偏低;老城区的可达性分布相对更加均衡,且更能满足老年人群和职场人群的采样需求。分析结果反映出目前的采样点空间布局考虑了人群的出行行为,能满足大部分居民在居住地和工作地就近采样的需求。对于可达性过高和过低的区域,可根据人口分布的昼夜变化优化采样点资源配置。     

国土资源部科技成果推广转化的分析与探讨

本文介绍了国土资源部科技成果推广转化的基本情况,包括科技成果交流制度、国土资源科技创新体系、科技投入和科技成果信息服务平台4个方面。在此基础上,指出目前国土资源部科技成果推广转化过程中存在内生动力不足、信息不对称、资金短缺且比例不协调等问题,提出了促进国土资源部科技成果推广转化的对策和建议。     

An Ontology of the Submarine Relief for Analysis and Representation on Nautical Charts

Abstract

A nautical chart is a kind of map used to describe the seafloor morphology and shoreline of adjacent lands. One of its main purposes is to guarantee safety of navigation. As a consequence, the construction of a nautical chart follows very specific rules. The cartographer has to select and highlight undersea features according to their relevance to navigation. In an automated process, the system must be able to identify and classify these features from the terrain model. This paper aims therefore to define ontologies of the submarine relief and nautical chart that will be at the root of a model-oriented generalization process. To the best of our knowledge, no ontology has been defined to formalize the geographical and cartographic objects for nautical chart representation. Thus, a bottom-up approach was developed to extract and model knowledge derived from standards established by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and cartographers’ expertise. The submarine relief ontology formalizes undersea features describing the submarine relief. Four concepts (composition, morphometric class, shape value and depth value) are introduced to describe properties and relationships between undersea features. The cartographic representation ontology of nautical charts will define several concepts (chart, features, isobathymetric lines and soundings) for the representation of undersea features on the chart.     

科技引领 创新理念 提升国土资源服务水平

根据国土部信息化管理的要求,长春市国土资源局于2010年初,启动了长春市城区350.9平方公里三维地籍数据库管理系统建设工作,现已基本完成。在三维地籍数据库管理系统建设之初,我局确立了"二维基础、三维表达、立体展现、多元服务"的工作思路。通过系统建设,主要取得以下六大成效。一是实现了宗地空间管理的可视化。该系统能直观的反映土地的位置、权属、界址点、界址线、界     

航海图等深线化简质量的定量评估指标与方法

针对当前对航海图等深线化简的质量评估仅能靠经验定性分析、无法进行定量评估这一局限,从航海安全性、航行资源表达和平滑性准则出发,分别定义了扩深长度、平均扩深距离、缩深面积、等深线的弯曲度与光滑离差等质量评估指标,提出了相应的评估方法,并推导出了相关的计算公式。实验结果表明,定义的指标能分别从航海安全性、航行资源表达和平滑性3个方面较为明确合理地反映航海图等深线化简的质量;所提评估方法能定量评估等深线化简的质量,克服了传统经验方法只能定性分析的不足。     

Evaluating a satellite-based seasonal evapotranspiration product and identifying its relationship with other satellite-derived products and crop yield: A case study for Ethiopia

Satellite-derived evapotranspiration anomalies and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are currently used for African agricultural drought monitoring and food security status assessment. In this study, a process to evaluate satellite-derived evapotranspiration (ETa) products with a geospatial statistical exploratory technique that uses NDVI, satellite-derived rainfall estimate (RFE), and crop yield data has been developed. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the ETa using the NDVI and RFE, and identify a relationship between the ETa and Ethiopia’s cereal crop (i.e., teff, sorghum, corn/maize, barley, and wheat) yields during the main rainy season. Since crop production is one of the main factors affecting food security, the evaluation of remote sensing-based seasonal ETa was done to identify the appropriateness of this tool as a proxy for monitoring vegetation condition in drought vulnerable and food insecure areas to support decision makers. The results of this study showed that the comparison between seasonal ETa and RFE produced strong correlation (R² > 0.99) for all 41 crop growing zones in Ethiopia. The results of the spatial regression analyses of seasonal ETa and NDVI using Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression showed relatively weak yearly spatial relationships (R² < 0.7) for all cropping zones. However, for each individual crop zones, the correlation between NDVI and ETa ranged between 0.3 and 0.84 for about 44% of the cropping zones. Similarly, for each individual crop zones, the correlation (R²) between the seasonal ETa anomaly and de-trended cereal crop yield was between 0.4 and 0.82 for 76% (31 out of 41) of the crop growing zones. The preliminary results indicated that the ETa products have a good predictive potential for these 31 identified zones in Ethiopia. Decision makers may potentially use ETa products for monitoring cereal crop yields and early warning of food insecurity during drought years for these identified zones.     

Evaluating the Usability of a Tool for Visualizing the Uncertainty of the Future Global Water Balance

We describe the development of software that is intended to enable decision makers (and their scientific advisors) to visualize uncertainties associated with the future global water balance. This is an important task because the future water balance is a function of numerous factors that are not precisely known, including the historical climatology, the model of potential evapotranspiration, the soil water holding capacity, and the global circulation models (GCMs) used to predict the effect of increased CO₂ in the atmosphere. In developing the software, we utilized the principles of usability engineering. In our case, we utilized six steps: prototype development, evaluation by domain experts, software revision, evaluation by usability experts, software revision, and evaluation by decision makers. Although this approach led to an improved piece of software, decision makers should have been involved earlier in the software design process, possibly at step two (instead of the domain experts). Decision makers found the notion of uncertainty discomforting, but their positive comments regarding the software suggest that it could prove beneficial, especially with improvements in spatial and temporal resolution. One interesting characteristic of our approach was the utilization of a wall-size display measuring 25 x 6 feet. The wall-size display engendered great interest, but determining whether it is truly effective will require a study that directly compares it with more traditional approaches.     

顾及三生空间交互特征的城市空间宜居性评价——以武汉市为例

本文从三生空间功能角度出发,融合多源地理数据建立了三生空间分类指标体系,并进一步顾及空间交互特征,建立了城市空间宜居性评价体系.以武汉市为例,对武汉市中心城区的三生空间格局进行了识别,并对该区域的宜居水平进行了评价分析.结果表明:①武汉市中心城区三生空间的总体配置不均匀,空间上呈现出生活空间中心聚集、生产空间四周分散、...     

基于ASP．NET的国土资源科技与外事信息管理系统的设计与实现

建立国土资源科技信息与外事管理信息系统是实现国土资源科技发展与创新的重要平台,本文从关键技术、系统结构、系统功能等方面探讨了在ASP.NET的环境下,采用B/S模式,构建三层架构的国土资源科技信息与外事管理信息系统的方法,最后利用设计的思路,实现了国土资源科技与信息数据库的建立和系统的开发工作。     

Towards a Deeper Understanding of Cartographic Text Visualisation: Assessment of User Preferences and Colour Influence

The main goal of this research is to investigate the influence of a map’s background colour on user preferences regarding labels’ typography, including their size, shape, orientation and texture. Four sets of backgrounds were tested: blank maps, grey scale, hot colours and cold colours. The foreground of these maps is populated with name labels, which are associated with point objects or areal objects. Bertin’s visual variables were applied to this set of name labels, both separately and in combination. User preferences of different typographic variations were registered and compared on the basis of different background colours using a one-way ANOVA. The results indicated that the typographic design of the map labels should not be adapted according to the map’s background colour.