关于多旋回开合构造及区域成矿若干观点的认识

板块说与槽台说相结合是研究大陆演化和矿产形成的重要理论依据。开合构造、板块构造与槽台构造三者在形成机制上具有内在的联系。多旋口开合构造是指以多旋回开合观点研究的构造，它是研究开合过程中所有地质现象，包括开合序列、开合旋回等。开合构造的主要表现形式包括区域性断裂，地壳的扩张与挤压，地壳的水平运动与垂直运动，构造过渡与构造迁移。开合演化过程称为“多旋回四阶段开合递进律”。开合构造的主要特征具有多旋回性、方向性、不平衡性、迁移性、两重性、层次性和有限性等。开合构造和岩石圈演化的基本动力是地球内部热能运转的结果，导致地壳和岩石圈裂开和聚合运动，包括传送带式、手风琴式和雪撬式三种主要的不同运动方式。正是多旋回开合构造发展，导致了多旋回成矿作用。在研究矿床分类时，首先要以多源的成矿物质来源作为矿床分类的主要依据，同时，也需要注意结合诸如成矿作用、成矿构造环境、成矿理化条件以及含矿建造等因素，以多旋回开合构造一成矿的观点来研究成矿控制和成矿规律。     

新疆开合构造与成矿特征的有关问题

根据新疆的构造与成矿特征,提出新疆开合构造与成矿论观点。即在大地构造上是“开合构造运动论”,在区域成矿上是“开合构造成矿论”。开合构造与成矿是紧密联系、彼此结合、相互渗透、解释互补的统一整体。在总结新疆矿产特征和成矿规律的基础上,对新疆矿产,特别是金(锑)、铜、镍、铅、锌今后寻找大型矿床的主攻类型和主攻地区进行了科学预测,为地质勘查提供了依据。     

两广云开大山地区开合旋回转换与金成矿作用的关系

开合构造是总结地壳或岩石圈水平扩张和压缩运动规律的一种大地构造观点，开合构造旋回代表了地壳或岩石圈的汇聚、离散和平移等宏观构造运动形式，以及由此引发的壳幔物质相互作用、沉积作用、变形与变质作用、熔融或重熔的岩浆活动、构造流体运移的过程。因此，开合构造运动促使地球表层成矿物质活化、迁移、聚集和成矿。对于多数内生金属矿床而言，特别是贵金属矿床，其主成矿期发生在开合构造由压缩向扩张快速过渡转变的时期，油气等非金属矿产则形成于扩张时期。成矿与容矿主断层多数都属于压性或压扭性向张性转换的复杂断层。云开地区自新元古代以来经历了多旋回的开合构造运动，产生了一系列不同期次、不同类型的金银矿床。     

中国东南部某些热液矿床的成岩成矿时差序列及有关问题讨论

根据一些热液矿床和赋矿岩浆岩的同位素年龄资料,结合矿床地质研究表明,其成岩成矿时差序列为钨铍铌钽→铜铅锌→金银→萤石依次增大。该序列与成矿元素的S_(298)~0/di值递增序列一致,也与矿床的成矿温度从高到低、深度由深至浅、成矿流体来源以岩浆热液到大气降水为主的成矿特征一致。并且随着成岩成矿时差增大,含矿构造由较密集分布的节理或裂隙转变为非常稀疏分布的断裂或断层。     

文峪金矿元素地球化学统计分析及深部预测研究

文峪金矿是著名的小秦岭金矿成矿带中的重要矿床，位于河南省与陕西省交界处，本文通过系统的地球化学元素样品分析，采用数学地质统计分析方法，确定了成矿元素间的亲缘关系的组合规律，建立了该矿床成矿元素分带序列模型，指出文峪金矿深部具有良好的找矿远景。     

龙门山中段磷矿递进成矿规律及成矿序列探讨

龙门山中段产出有泥盆系沙窝子组的什邡式磷矿、寒武系筇竹寺组清平式磷矿、震旦系观音崖组陡梯子式磷矿,三类矿床处于同一大地构造位置,地质特征既有区别也有相同之处。本文通过对三类矿床地质特征、矿床成因分析,探讨地质特征异同的原因,建立磷矿成矿序列,认为三类矿床各自既有原生同沉积特征,又有继承前期矿产或含磷层作为矿物源的特征,继承前期矿产越多,矿床越丰富,具递进成矿富集规律。同时早期矿床成矿作用较单一,后期矿床具有多期成矿、叠加成矿特征。成矿序列为：海水磷质生物、化学沉积-机械搬运簸选早期成矿-风化剥蚀、表生淋滤-再次机械搬运-海进沉积再造。     

华南海西—印支期成矿地质背景

华南海西—印支成矿期内,成矿序列完整,类型齐全,矿种繁多,为其它成矿期所莫及。沉积矿床需要稳定的地质背景,层控矿床形成的较有利的地质背景是稳中有动。     

理论预测与科学找矿--以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿为例

近年来在西藏冈底斯构造成矿带发现了多个以斑岩铜矿为主的大型和超大型矿床,这些矿床均形成于青藏高原板内隆升过程,主要成矿年龄为17～15 Ma,其矿床类型、矿床规模、成矿部位和成矿时代与作者10 a前的理论预测结果基本吻合.突破板块碰撞造山和板块碰撞成矿模式,按大陆动力学和成矿动力学的新思路,认为冈底斯斑岩铜矿形成于特提斯开合转换、板块碰撞造陆之后的晚新生代构造隆升、下地壳层流、板内造山、地壳增厚、热隆伸展的动力改造成矿过程.加强基础地质研究、倡导创新科学思维、发展地质与成矿理论对于中国西部的找矿勘探具有十分重要的作用.     

新疆东准卡拉麦里造山带的开合节律

新疆东准卡拉麦里造山带的开合节律张旺生（中国地质大学，武汉，４３００７４）“七五”、“八五”期间，笔者连续二轮在东准噶尔成矿区进行成矿条件、矿床资源评价研究，发现东准地区大地构造演化过程复杂，屡经拉张，闭合或槽（裂陷槽）台（微陆块）体制的多次转化，显...     

豫陕交界地区金银多金属矿床时间分布规律研究

豫西金银矿床的成矿时代问题目前尚有许多不同认识，本文通过对砂金分布，岩矿脉体穿插关系以及矿石同位素测年结果等实际资料的综合研究分析，证明本区金银矿床的主成矿期应为燕山晚期，同时归纳出区内各类金属矿产的时间演化上具有长期性，多期性，阶段性，序列性，继承性诸项规律。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861