“3S”技术在四川生态环境动态监测中的应用研究

为有效实现四川省生态环境的动态监测,运用RS、GIS和GPS技术,以2004年中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02)遥感影像数据为信息源,2000年TM遥感影像解译的数据为基础,对2004年遥感影像进行解译,修改2000年数据库;手持GPS接收机,在野外对解译成果进行验证,更新数据库;利用GIS技术的空间分析功能,提取出2000～2004年期间土地利用/覆被变化信息,得到2000～2004年期间四川省高精度的土地利用/覆被变化数据库。最后对四川省土地利用/覆被变化信息进行分析,对四川省生态环境的下一步研究指名了方向。     

四川省及成都地区土地利用/覆被变化建库与对比研究

为探讨近年四川省部分地区严重旱涝灾害天气成因,利用遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(G IS)和全球定位系统(GPS)技术建立了四川省及成都地区2000~2004年土地利用/覆被变化数据库,并对四川省及成都地区2000~2004年土地利用/覆被变化信息进行对比研究,对四川省部分地区与成都地区近年气候差异成因进行探讨。     

The assessment of potential land use in the proposed irrigation command using Remote Sensing and GIS

Standard false colour composites (Std. FCC) on 1:50,000 scale was visually interpreted in conjunction with soil survey to prepare physiographic-soil map. Thirteen mapping units were delineated indicating soil association at family-level. Soil and land resource was evaluated for their land capability and irrigation suitability for its sustained use under irrigation. Land capability and land irrigability maps were generated as attribute map. These maps were integrated to suggest potential land use map. Current land use/land cover map prepared by visual analysis was spatially analysed in relation to potential land use to study potential changes in land use / land cover using GIS. The study reveals that 14.66% area has no limitation and can be brought to intensive agriculture by double cropping.     

Change Estimates by Map Comparison: A Method to Reduce Erroneous Changes Due to Positional Error

A common method to assess land use/cover change (LUCC) is the comparison of digital maps of an area within a geographic information system (GIS). However, positional errors of the maps involved in the comparison affect this assessment and much of the change shown by means of this comparison may be an artifact due to these errors. This note presents a simple method to improve change estimates by detecting and correcting erroneous changes resulting from positional errors. It allows an important reduction of error in change area estimates and is likely to be useful in LUCC assessment studies.     

Delineation and parameterization of banikdih watershed using remote sensing and avswat model

Delineation of Banikdih Agricultural watershed in Eastern India was carried out and various watershed parameters were extracted using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was developed with a contour interval of 10 m in the scale of 1:25000 using ARC/INFO modules. Sub watershed, drainage, slope, aspect, flow direction, soil series, soil texture, and soil class maps were independently generated and they were properly registered and integrated for analysis. The watershed was digitally delineated using AVSWAT model that couples hydrological model and GIS with appropriate threshold value of cell size. Subsequently, stream characteristics through the interface were generated. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-1D LISS-III data pertaining to the period of October 29, 1998 and October 23, 2000 was used to develop land use/land cover thematic map using ERDAS- 8.4 version image processing software. Eight major land use/land cover classes namely water body, lowland paddy, upland paddy, fallow land, upland crop (non-paddy crops), settlement, open mixed forest, and wasteland were segregated through digital image processing techniques using maximum likelihood algorithm. The information generated would be of immense help in hydrological modeling of watershed for prediction of runoff and sediment yield, thereby providing necessary inputs for developing suitable developmental management plans with sound scientific basis.     

基于遥感和GIS的南充市顺庆区LUCC动态变化分析

利用遥感、地理信息系统技术方法,精确解译顺庆区2000年与2007年两期Landsat-TM遥感影像,获得该地区土地利用/覆被的矢量图及定量统计数据,综合运用动态指标分析了LUCC特征。研究结果表明：该地区的耕地、林地和建设用地是LUCC的核心类型,三者面积之和超过研究区总面积的90%。7年间土地利用/覆被变化速度较快,耕地面积逐年减少,林地和建设用地面积显著增加,草地、水域则有少许减少。这些分析结果为查明该区土地利用及变化情况,揭示其中存在的问题,相关部门制定国土规划提供了科学依据。     

论土地利用与覆盖变化遥感信息提取技术框架

利用遥感技术提取土地利用和覆盖变化信息是一个多因素交织的复杂过程,为提高遥感信息提取的自动化和定量化水平,本文针对变化信息本身的内涵(容)将这一复杂过程分解为变化位置发现、变化区域提取、变化类型确认以及变化信息表示等过程,构建了基于遥感技术的土地利用与覆盖变化信息提取技术流程,并对流程中的关键技术和方法进行了论述和探讨。本文的技术方法能有效应用于多时相遥感数据或已有土地利用与覆盖数据支持下的单一时相遥感数据情况下的变化信息提取。     

遥感和GIS技术应用于伊拉克南部Basrah省土地利用/覆盖变化及城市扩张研究(英文)

In recent years, land use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject that needs to be dealt with in the study of global environmental change. In this paper, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are integrated to monitor, map, and quantify the land use/cover change in the southern part of Iraq (Basrah Province was taken as a case) by using a 1:250 000 mapping scale. Remote sensing and GIS software were used to classify Landsat TM in 1990 and Landsat ETM+ in 2003 imagery into five land use and land cover (LULC) classes: vegetation, sand, urban area, unused land, and water bodies. Supervised classification and normalized difference build-up index (NDBI) were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. An accuracy assessment was performed on the 2003 LULC map to determine the reliability of the map. Finally, GIS software was used to quantify and illustrate the various LULC conversions that took place over the 13-year span of time. Results showed that the urban area had increased by the rate of 1.2% per year, with area expansion from 3 299.1 km² in 1990 to 3 794.9 km² in 2003. Large vegetation area in the north and southeast were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover changes of Basrah Province were mainly caused by rapid development of the urban economy and population immigration from the countryside. In addition, the former government policy of “returning farmland to transportation and huge expansion in military camps” was the major driving force for vegetation land change. The paper concludes that remote sensing and GIS can be used to create LULC maps. It also notes that the maps generated can be used to delineate the changes that take place over time. Supported by the Al-Basrah University, Iraq, the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)China).     

松嫩平原生态脆弱区生态系统服务功能价值变化

在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,以1986～2000年的1∶100000LandsatTM图像解译数据为基础,全面分析了1986～2000年该区土地利用/覆被的动态变化特征,运用Costanza等人对全球生态系统服务价值的计算方法,对松嫩平原西部生态脆弱区土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)引起的生态环境质量变化进行了评估。计算结果表明:在1986～2000年间,由于土地利用面积的变化而使该地区的生态系统的生态价值减少,松嫩平原西部耕地和城乡建设用地有所增加,其他林地、草地、水域和未利用地的面积均减少。耕地面积增加的比例为9.80%、城乡建设用地增加0.66%;林地、草地、水域和未利用地面积减少的比例分别为1.10%、6.80%、1.20%和1.20%,15年的时间里松嫩平原西部生态脆弱区生态系统总价值减少7000.15×104美元,使生态系统服务价值损失9.74%。     

武汉市土地利用/覆被与景观格局变化特征

武汉市作为武汉城市圈的核心城市,其土地利用/覆被和景观格局变化备受关注。本文基于1991年和2009年Landsat TM影像数据,采用RS、GIS和景观生态学方法,运用土地利用变化模型、土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局分析软件Fragstats3.3,对武汉市近19a的土地利用/覆盖及景观格局变化特征进行了动态研究,结果表明此成果能够为武汉市土地资源的合理开发利用和保护提供参考。     

Changing landscape in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Yangtze River from 1977 to 2005: Land use/land cover,vegetation cover changes estimated using multi-source satellite data

The eco-environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) in China has received much attention due to the construction of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station. Land use/land cover changes (LUCC) are a major cause of ecological environmental changes. In this paper, the spatial landscape dynamics from 1978 to 2005 in this area are monitored and recent changes are analyzed, using the Landsat TM (MSS) images of 1978, 1988, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Vegetation cover fractions for a vegetation cover analysis are retrieved from MODIS/Terra imagery from 2000 to 2006, being the period before and after the rising water level of the reservoir. Several analytical indices have been used to analyze spatial and temporal changes. Results indicate that cropland, woodland, and grassland areas reduced continuously over the past 30 years, while river and built-up area increased by 2.79% and 4.45% from 2000 to 2005, respectively. The built-up area increased at the cost of decreased cropland, woodland and grassland. The vegetation cover fraction increased slightly. We conclude that significant changes in land use/land cover have occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The main cause is a continuous economic and urban/rural development, followed by environmental management policies after construction of the Three Gorges Dam.     

Comparison and relative quality assessment of the GLC2000, GLOBCOVER,MODIS and ECOCLIMAP land cover data sets at the African continental scale

Land cover dynamics at the African continental scale is of great importance for global change studies. Actually, four satellite-derived land cover maps of Africa now available, e.g. ECOCLIMAP, GLC2000, MODIS and GLOBCOVER, are based on images acquired in the 2000s. This study aims at stressing the compliances and the discrepancies between these four land cover classifications systems. Each of them used different mapping initiatives and relies on different mapping standards, which supports the present investigation. In order to do a relative comparison of the four maps, a preamble was to reconcile their thematic legends into more aggregated categories after a projection into the same spatial resolution. Results show that the agreement between the four land cover products is between 56 and 69%. While all these land cover datasets show a reasonable agreement in terms of surface types and spatial distribution patterns, mapping of heterogeneous landscapes in the four products is not very successful. Land cover products based on remote sensing imagery can indeed significantly be improved by using smarter algorithms, better timing of image acquisition, improved class definitions. Either will help to improve the accuracy of future land cover maps at the African continental scale. Data producers may use the areas of spatial agreement for training area selection while users might need to verify the information in the areas of disagreement using additional data sources.     

Landslide susceptibility mapping in a hilly terrain using remote sensing and GIS

Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) are well suited to landslide studies. The aim of this study is to prepare a landslide susceptibility map of a part of Ooty region, Tamil Nadu, India, where landslides are common. The area of the coverage is approximately 10 × 14 km in a hilly region where planting tea, vegetables and cash crops are in practice. Hence, deforestation, formation of new settlements and changing land use practices are always in progress. Land use and land cover maps are prepared from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS 1C - LISS III) imagery. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was developed using 20 m interval contours, available in the topographic map. Field studies such as local enquiry, land use verification, landslide location identification were carried out. Analysis was carried out with GIS software by assigning rank and weights for each input data. The output shows the possible landslide areas, which are grouped for preparation of landslide susceptibility maps.     

Assessment of groundwater potential zones using GIS technique

A case study was conducted to find out the groundwater potential zones in Kattakulathur block, Tamil Nadu, India with an aerial extent of 360.60 km². The thematic maps such as geology, geomorphology, soil hydrological group, land use / land cover and drainage map were prepared for the study area. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been generated from the 10 m interval contour lines (which is derived from SOI, Toposheet 1:25000 scale) and obtained the slope (%) of the study area. The groundwater potential zones were obtained by overlaying all the thematic maps in terms of weighted overlay methods using the spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS 9.2. During weighted overlay analysis, the ranking has been given for each individual parameter of each thematic map and weights were assigned according to the influence such as soil −25%, geomorphology − 25%, land use/land cover −25%, slope − 15%, lineament − 5% and drainage / streams − 5% and find out the potential zones in terms of good, moderate and poor zones with the area of 49.70 km², 261.61 km² and 46.04 km² respectively. The potential zone wise study area was overlaid with village boundary map and the village wise groundwater potential zones with three categories such as good, moderate and poor zones were obtained. This GIS based output result was validated by conducting field survey by randomly selecting wells in different villages using GPS instruments. The coordinates of each well location were obtained by GPS and plotted in the GIS platform and it was clearly shown that the well coordinates were exactly seated with the classified zones.     

四川省广安市土地利用/覆盖遥感动态变化研究

随着社会工业化进程的加快,经济发展同生态环境之间的矛盾越来越突出,因此开展典型地区生态环境遥感动态监测分析是认识全国土地利用变化现状的重要途径。在遥感和GIS技术支持下,通过建立广安市土地利用数据库,对广安市2000-2007年间土地利用/覆盖类型的动态度变化和转移变化进行了分析,确定了土地利用/覆盖类型的初始状态矩阵...     

An assessment of the impact of urbanization and land use changes in the fast-growing cities of Saudi Arabia

Understanding rates, patterns and types of land use and land cover (LULC) changes are essential for various decision-making processes. This study quantified LULC changes and the effect of urban expansion in three Saudi Arabian cities: Riyadh, Jeddah and Makkah using Landsat images of 1985, 2000 and 2014. Seasonal change of vegetation cover was conducted using normalised difference vegetation index, and object-based image analysis was used to classify the LULC changes. The overall accuracies of the classified maps ranged from 84 to 95%, which indicated sufficiently robust results. Urban area was the most changed land cover, and most of the converted land to urban was from bare soil. The seasonal analysis showed that the change of vegetation cover was not constant due to climatic conditions in these areas. The agricultural lands were significantly decreased between 1985 and 2014, and most of these lands were changed to bare soil due to dwindling groundwater resources.     

大比例尺土地利用数据库建设有关技术问题的探讨

地籍调查、村集体土地所有权调查和土地利用调查对调查底图的要求不同,在土地利用数据库建设的过程中应综合考虑;GPS、GIS和RS技术的应用,改变了土地利用调查的技术流程,提高了调查效率;土地利用数据库质量控制包括质量检查方法、质量标准和质量责任体系。     

单一时相遥感数据土地利用与覆盖变化自动检测方法

针对基期(用于该研究的前一时期数据)T1仅拥有土地利用和覆盖图件(矢量格式)而另一期T2拥有遥感数据的情况,构建了基于知识引导的土地利用和覆盖变化自动检测技术与方法。T1时期土地利用与覆盖与T2期遥感数据在配准叠加情况下,以T1完整的土地利用与覆盖类型图斑为单元构建土地各类别遥感数据知识库,然后以图斑单元或以像素为单位计算遥感影像特征统计量,通过与知识库相关数据的比较与匹配自动检测出变化并识别出相应的土地利用与覆盖类别。文章最后通过试验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于Markov-CA的土地利用/土地覆盖变化动态模型研究

分析了基于Markov-CA的土地利用/土地覆盖变化动态模型,并利用两期TM数据进行了Markov-CA模型应用试验研究.     

福建省生态环境综合系列图编制

福建省生态环境综合系列图是数字福建应用项目《福建省生态环境动态监测与管理系统》中数据库建设的一个重要基础工作,包括生态环境类型图、生态环境评价图、生态功能区划图以及地势图、地貌图、土壤图、植被图、土地利用图等。编制工作是在参考各种图件和文字等资料基础上,以遥感(LandSatETM)为主要信息源,根据影像特征的差异勾绘生态环境单元并记录各单元一系列相关信息,根据单元图属性派生其它图(地势图除外)。编制过程中着重解决了各专题图的分类系统和编码系统、多源信息复合、遥感综合系列制图与地图演绎法结合应用、3S技术的综合应用、多种制图技术的综合应用等问题。