大别山超高压变质岩的退变质赤微构造：折返过程的启示

大别山超高压变质岩中发现了一系列退变质显微构造,其主要类型有：①由于出溶而产生的定一包裹物;②由于多型转变而产生的假像替代;③固→固反应产生的冠状体;④涉及流体的退变质反应产生的冠状体或后成合晶。借助显微构造关系,可以建立超高压变质岩的退变质演化阶段,从而构筑其ＰＴ演化趋势、识别出碰撞造山和超高压变质峰期之后的两阶段隆升历史;早期为“挤出”作用诱发的近等温减压退变质;晚期则是地壳伸展体制下的退变质     

大别造山带超高压变质岩折返隆升的地层学证据—毛坦厂组榴辉岩砾石的启示

大别山北缘地区发育厚达近万米的中新生代碎屑岩，它们记录着大别山造山带和在株罗纪以来的演化历史。在安徽省六安地区毛坦厂组中，发现多块榴辉岩砾石。砾石新鲜，质地坚硬，表明属于第一旋回砾石。榴辉岩由石榴子石、多硅白云母、绿帘石、石英、金红石等组成。具有明显的退变质作用，发育以钠长石和闪石类组成的后合成晶、以及石榴子石周边的次为边。石榴子石以铁铝榴石和钙铝榴石为主，恪地C类榴辉岩。根据其特征应该属于大别山南部和北部超高压榴辉岩。毛坦厂组层位确切，古生物化石和同位素年龄都表明以晚株罗世为主，这一发现表明，在晚株罗世，以榴辉岩为代表的造山带根部物质，即：超高压变质岩已经出露地表，并作为毛坦厂组的物源。因此，大别造山带超高压为质岩折返到地表，最迟在晚株罗世。     

Retrogressive Microstructures of the Eclogites from the Northern Dabie Mountains, Central China： Evidence for Rapid Exhumation

The ultrahigh-pressure eclogites from the northern Dabie Mountains in central China occurred as tectonic lens or blocks within granitic gneisses or meta-peridotites. Petrologic studies suggest that the studied eclogites experienced strongly retrogressive metamorphism and produced a series of characteristic retrogressive microstructures. The retrograde structures mainly include: (1) oriented needle mineral exsolution, e. g. , quartz needles in Na-clinopyroxene and rotile, clinopyroxene and apatite exsolution in garnet formed under decreasing pressure conditions during exhumation; (2) symplectite, especially, two generations of symplectites developed outside the garnet grains, which are called ““double symplectite““ here; (3) compositional zoning of minerals such as garnet and clinopyroxene; (4) minerals with a reaction rim or retrograde rim, e.g. , omphacite with a diopside rim, diopside with an amphibole rim and rutile with a rim of ilmenite. These retrograde textures, especially mineral zoning and symplectite, provide important petrologic evidence for the exhumation process and uplift of high-grade metamorphic rocks such as eclogite in the northern Dabie Mountains, indicating a rapid exhumation process.     

大别山五庙超高压变质岩的变形构造

含柯石英榴辉岩、高压片麻岩的五庙超高压变质岩与外围低压片麻岩以逆冲断层呈构造侵位关系,而在其内部榴辉岩与高压片麻岩为非构造接触,并且发育有榴辉岩相静态重结晶构造以及在纯剪应力状态下的前角闪岩相变形构造Ｄ１和在顶端指向ＮＮＷ运动的单剪应力状态下的角闪岩相变形构造Ｄ２。     

中生代盆地演化及其对大别造山带碰撞造山的指示意义

The Dabie orogenic belt underwent deep subduc-tion of continent, rapid exhumation, and huge amount of erosion during the Mesozoic. Its tectonic evolution, especially how that was recorded in sedimentary ba-sins at the flanks of the Dabie orogenic belt is one of the most important issues. The overall distribution of different basin types in the orogenic belt indicates that shortening and thrusting at the margins of the orogenic belt from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous controlled the foreland basins, and extension, doming and rifting were initiated in the core of the orogenic belt from the Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, and were expanded to the whole orogenic belt after the Late Cretaceous.     

大别造山带构造归属：海西期以来地幔化学成分特征证据

通过对海西湘以来幔源岩石化学成分（特别是高度不相容元素对比值和具有相似性质的元素对比值）研究并与相邻构造单元（扬子板块北缘，华北板块南缘，北秦岭带，南秦岭带）地幔特征对比表明，大别造山带中海西期春秋庙－王母观辉长岩，碰撞后晚燕山早期镁铁－超镁铁质岩体（包括南，北大别造山带）以及产于大别造山带南部和扬子地块北缘的晚燕山晚期碱性玄武岩源区地，均具有富Sc,Cu,贫MgO，低Zr/Hf和高Rb/Sr,Ba/Sr,Ba/La,Nb/Ta,Yb/Hf等特征，源区地幔的这些特点与元古宙以来扬子地幔特征相似，而与华北地幔特征存在显著区别，反映大别造山带发育在扬子地幔上，根据大量的地质学，构造地质学，岩石学，地球物理及地球化学等研究结果，指出桐柏－商城－磨子潭－晓天断裂带是秦岭造山带中商丹断裂带的东延，综合研究证实大别造山带主体属南秦岭的组成部分。     

大别造山带的流体系统与成矿作用

大别山是大别造山带的主体部分，流体活动贯穿于俯冲－碰撞－折返整个造山过程。印支期俯冲－碰撞阶段的流体，以具高挥发份、高盐度为特点，流体中保留有原岩在地表时的天水－岩石以及超高压变质过程中的地幔流体－岩石同位素交换的信息。燕山期折返隆升阶段的流体是大量天水与深部流体发生混合的产物，流体中盐度降低，但水－岩相互作用增强。大别造山带的流体系统可称为“天水与深部流体混合系统”，并可分为流体富集区、流体贫乏区和流体排泄区三个部分。成矿作用主要发生在流体富集区。     

Petrology of the Non-mafic UHP Metamorphic Rocks from a Drillhole in the Southern Sulu Orogenic Belt, Eastern-Central China

The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseud     

LA-ICP MS Zircon U-Pb Dating of Metasedimentary Rocks in Dabie Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

Low-grade metamorphic rocks concentrated in the Beihuaiyang unit and were sporadically in other units of the Dabie orogenic belt, whose coexistence with other rocks in the orogenic belt can provide evidence for the evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt. A small number of metasedimentary rocks crop out in the Shenqiao area, northeast of the North Dabie unit. In order to obtain the forming age and provenance of the low-grade metamorphic rocks and their relationship with the rocks in the North Dabie unit, detailed field observations, systematic microscopic identification and detrital zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb dating were presented for metasedimentary rocks in the Shenqiao area. The results show that metasedimentary rocks in the Shenqiao area have similar petrological characteristics as low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Zhufoan Formation in the Foziling Group. The minimum age of detrital zircon is 431 Ma, which is also similar as the Foziling Group. All these reveal that these low-grade metamorphic rocks in the Shenqiao area may be a part of the Foziling Group. Detailed observations on thin-sections show that quartz are characterized by Subgrain Rotation (SGR) recrystallization and biotite has obvious growth rims, which indicates that the metasedimentary rocks experience an epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphic and deformation event. The rhythmic layers on the outcrop existed before experiencing low-grade metamorphism, during which the argillaceous layer in the protolith transferred to the darker layered biotite and the sandy layer to lighter and recrystallized quartz.     

中国东部大别山超高压变质杂岩中的石英硬玉岩带

大别山的石英硬玉岩是大别山超高压变质杂岩中的重要成员,与大理岩和榴辉岩紧密共生,呈大小不等的构造透镜体产出在云母斜长片麻岩和含硬玉片麻岩中,分布在长约４０ｋｍ,宽约１ｋｍ的带内。透镜体中心常为花岗变晶结构,边部有不同程度退变并面理化,向外围逐渐变为含硬玉片麻岩。岩石的主要矿物组成为硬玉、石英、石榴石、金红石。退变的石英硬玉岩中还有钠长石、霓石、霓辉石、榍石等。硬玉和石榴石中都有柯石英包体。硬玉的Ｊｄ端元组分为８１．２５％～９０．２７％。恢复的石英硬玉岩的原岩为硬砂岩,与大理岩伴生的榴辉岩的原岩为泥灰岩。因此,石英硬玉岩与共生的大理岩和榴辉岩都属于榴辉岩相变质的表壳岩系,它的成带分布、其中有柯石英的产出,进一步证明大陆地壳能够俯冲到１００ｋｍ左右深度并迅速折返地壳后使其中的高压标志保存完好。     

Relationship between the TanLu Fault and Dabie Orogenic Belt in Eastern China

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｉｇ．１．　ＴｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＤａｂｉｅｏｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔａｎｄＴａｎＬｕｆａｕｌｔｉｎｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ　　ＴｈｅＤａｂｉｅｏｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｂｅｌｔａｎｄＴａｎＬｕｓｔｒｉｋｅｓｌｉｐｆａｕｌｔａｒｅｓｉｔｕａｔｅｄｉｎｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｎｄｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ,ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ（Ｆｉｇ．１）．Ｔｈｅｉｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ,ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅａｄｊａｃｅｎｔｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃｂｌｏｃ…     

九资河—天堂寨地区燕山晚期花岗岩与大别造山带核部隆升

大面积分布在大别造山带核部九资河－天堂寨地区、构成著名的天堂寨花岗质杂岩体主体的燕山晚期花岗岩,包括九资河片麻状花岗岩、吴家山花岗闪长岩、天堂寨斑状花岗岩、薄力峰细粒花岗岩和笔架山浅色花岗岩等和个岩石类型（单元）。其围岩为遭受角闪岩相区域变质和混合岩化的新太古代大别杂岩。根据其与研究区主体构造－巨型ＮＥ向右行走测韧性剪切带的关系,这些花岗岩可分为同构造、无构造和构造后等３个构造类型。从岩石角度看,     

南苏鲁造山带的超高压变质岩及岩石化学研究

在南苏鲁造山带核部，古老的表壳岩和花岗质侵人岩经历了三叠纪的超高压变质作用，在超高压变质岩石抬升过程中经历了强烈的角闪岩相退变质作用改造。据岩相学和岩石化学研究，可以区分出六大类典型超高压变质岩：榴辉岩、石榴石橄榄岩、石英硬玉岩、石榴石多硅白云母片岩、硬玉石英岩和石榴石绿辉石文石岩。这些岩石的角闪岩相退变质产物分别是斜长角闪岩、蛇纹岩、长英质片麻岩、长石石英云母片岩、石英岩和大理岩。地球化学研究揭示，榴辉岩的原岩很可能是形成在大陆内部构造环境的拉斑玄武岩，而石榴石橄榄岩可能是起源于亏损的残余地幔。石英硬玉岩原岩包括正变质的花岗岩和奥长花岗岩、副变质的酸性火山碎屑岩和长石石英砂岩。大面积分布的古老花岗岩很可能是形成在大陆或大陆边缘环境。长石石英云母片岩、石英岩和大理岩的原岩为沉积岩，与副变质的长英质片麻岩和基性火山岩—起构成了古老的表壳岩组合。双峰式的酸性和基性火山岩组合的存在也证明部分表壳岩是形成在大陆环境。因此，可以推测南苏鲁造山带核部的超高压变质岩原岩为形成在大陆板内环境的沉积岩—酸性和基性火山岩—花岗岩和奥长花岗岩建造。     

大别山超高压变质岩的显微构造与有效黏度

超高压变质岩提供了研究大陆俯冲隧道中岩石的变形机制和流变差异性的窗口。文章使用电子背散射衍射技术分析了大别山超高压变质带的榴辉岩和长英质片麻岩的显微构造。榴辉岩中的石榴子石基本呈无序分布,绿辉石发育较强烈的晶格优选定向,[001]轴的极密平行或近平行于拉伸线理,(100)面的法线近垂直于面理,退变榴辉岩中角闪石的(100)[001]组构可能继承了绿辉石的晶格优选定向。退变榴辉岩和长英质片麻岩中的石英记录了(0001)低温底面滑移和{1010}中温 柱面滑移,反映了超高压变质岩折返到中地壳的韧性变形;而斜长石的(001)<110>和(010)[100]组构形成于折返到下地壳的角闪岩相变质条件（>600℃）。根据主要矿物的流变律计算了俯冲与折返过程中无水矿物的有效黏度变化。俯冲过程中,钠长石=硬玉+石英的分解反应以及石英-柯石英相变导致长英质片麻岩的有效黏度和密度都显著增高,有利于陆壳深俯冲。但是折返过程中由于温度较高,这两个反应带来的有效黏度变化较小。>80 km深度,石榴子石的流变强度>硬玉>绿辉 石>柯石英,俯冲上地壳的流变由柯石英和硬玉控制,下地壳的流变由绿辉石和石榴子石控制。超高压变质岩流变强度的差异有助于上—下地壳力学解耦,使相对低密度、低黏度的上地壳物质在俯冲隧道内快速折返。     

大别山北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中榴辉岩的分布与变质温压条件

大别山北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中的榴辉岩主要有两种产状,一是产于变形较强(面理化)的橄榄岩中,另一种是产于片麻岩中。其中,绿辉石中硬玉端元组分大多为Jd=20mol％～52mol％。产于橄榄岩和片麻岩中榴辉岩的石榴子石成分分别相当于Coleman的B型和C型榴辉岩。石榴子石成分特征及钠质单斜辉石中石英针状出溶体的出现表明,本区榴辉岩早期可能经历过超高压变质作用,且至少经历了3个变质阶段,即:①榴辉岩相峰期变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为石榴子石+绿辉石+金红石±蓝晶石+石英(或柯石英假象?),p≥2.5GPa、t=595～874℃;②高压麻粒岩相变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为石榴子石+透辉石+紫苏辉石+钛铁矿+尖晶石+斜长石等,p=1.1～1.37GPa、t=817～909℃;③角闪岩相变质阶段,主要矿物共生组合为角闪石+斜长石+磁铁矿等,p=0.5～0.6GPa、t=500～600℃。该区榴辉岩独特的麻粒岩相退变质阶段,表明榴辉岩在折返初期并未能上升到中上地壳,而处于下地壳,它与南部超高压变质岩有不同的p-t演化史,即在榴辉岩相峰期变质之后经历了近等温减压(或稍升温减压)和降温减压变质过程。     

Two Discrete UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts in the Central Orogenic Belt, China

INTRODUCTION Anew ultrahigh pressure ( UHP) metamorphicbelt ,the South Altun-North Qaidam-North QinlingUHP metamorphic belt ,has been recently discoveredand widely discussed by different workers (Yang J Set al .,2003 ,2002 ,2001 ,2000 ,1998 ;Zhang J Xetal .,2002 ,1999 ; Zhang G et al .,2001 ; Hu et al .,1996 ,1995 ,1994) . Detailed studies have also beencarried out onthe Dabie-Sulu UHP/ HP metamorphicbelt inthe central orogenic belt (COB) of China (Gaoet al .,2002 ;Sun et al …     

大别造山带中镁铁质——超镁铁质岩石和榴辉岩有关问题的讨论

根据近年来积累的文献资料及研究讨论指出：（１）大别山造带镁铁质－－超镁铁质岩石可分成两大类;一类以任家湾、童家冲、祝家铺道士冲、青山、沙河等辉石辉长岩类为代表,它们具有相同的牲和成岩年龄,可能与华北、华南地块聚敛碰产生的岛弧或大陆岩浆岩有关;另一类以铙拔寨,大化坪、碧溪岭和毛屋岩体为代表,虽然它们的成岩年龄均在前寒武纪,但却有着不同的成岩时代和成岩环境。（２）大别造山带榴辉岩等多属异地来源,具有不     

大别造山带和扬子陆块北缘中生代玄武岩铅同位素组成及构造意义

大别造山带在地球化学分区上属于扬子大板块还是华北大板块一直存在争议。近年来，一些学者根据其显生宙矿石铅和花岗岩长石铅（揭示地壳铅）具有低铅同位素成分特征，将大别造山带整体划归华北大板块。本文对大别造山带南部（黄陂、新洲、大悟地区）、腹地（麻城地区）和扬子陆块北缘（黄石地区）晚中生代碱性玄武岩铅同位素组成（揭示地幔铅）研究表明，大别造山带具有高放射性成因铅同位素特征，与扬子铅同位素省中南扬子亚省基本一致。扬子陆块北缘（黄石地区）晚中生代碱性玄武岩铅同位素组成与扬子铅同位素省中北扬子亚省基本一致。铅同位素组成特征和Th-U-Pb体系变异趋势均表明：（1）大别造山带晚中生代地幔属于扬子地幔，与华北地幔存在明显区别；（2）大别造山带壳、幔铅同位素成分上存在明显的非耦合特征，反映大别造山带壳幔演化历史的复杂性。     

桐柏-大别造山带高压变质单元岩石Pb同位素组成

铅同位素组成对于研究构造分区与演化、块体相互作用以及识别地壳中不同块体的上、下层次关系等具有重要意义.桐柏-大别造山带高压变质单元岩石的全岩Pb同位素组成研究表明, 在该造山带不同区段, 高压变质岩系二云钠长片麻岩与榴辉岩具有相似的Pb同位素组成, 表现为上部地壳高放射成因的Pb同位素组成特征, 其中Pb同位素组成为: 206Pb/204Pb=17.599~18.310, 207Pb/204Pb=15.318~15.615, 208Pb/204Pb=37.968~39.143.大别和桐柏地区高压变质岩系Pb同位素组成的一致性进一步证明了大别地区与桐柏地区的高压变质岩系是可以相连的, 它们应属于同一构造单元.高压变质岩系Pb同位素比值总体高于超高压变质岩系, 验证了桐柏-大别造山带扬子俯冲陆壳从下部岩系到上部岩系Pb同位素比值呈规律增长这一Pb同位素化学特征.侵入于高压变质岩系中的面理化(含榴)花岗岩, 其Pb同位素组成与高压变质岩系相比相对较低, 而与超高压变质岩系及其中的面理化(含榴)花岗岩相似, 为: 206Pb/204Pb=17.128~17.434, 207Pb/204Pb=15.313~15.422, 208Pb/204Pb=37.631~38.122.这表明高压变质岩系和超高压变质岩系中的面理化(含榴)花岗岩具有相同的岩浆来源.结合面理化(含榴)花岗岩具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征分析, 它们的岩浆物质可能来自超高压变质岩折返至中下地壳的减压退变和部分熔融.