基于可视化遥感的地震大区域灾情收集系统

地震现场与一般灾害现场不同,其受灾区域较大,常规的基于遥感信息进行灾情收集时,采集信息零散混乱无法形成可视化直观分析结果。为解决该问题,设计基于可视化遥感技术的地震大区域灾情收集系统,利用遥感信息采集大区域的优势,配合设计网络通信层、数据收集层、数据库层、GIS遥感平台层和应用层组成的系统硬件,采用GIS三维重构技术,对灾情进行可视化呈现。实验结果说明,系统最长响应时间为1.857 s,最大CPU占用率和消耗分别是80.8%和1 656 MB,信息可视化重现程度高。     

地震三维灾情影像图生成技术系统研究

本文将计算机技术、遥感技术、地理信息系统、图形图像处理相结合,建立三维矢量数学模型,通过三维可视化技术,形象化地描述灾区的受灾状况和受灾程度,对三维地理空间信息进行可视化管理,实现快速查询、检索、显示、输出、统计、分析及三维可视化,为基于地理信息的决策和管理提供一个真三维的立体可视平台,为地震应急决策部门进行灾害的决策和管理提供三维可视化仿真环境系统。     

利用Nagvis插件实现网络设备可视化监控

安徽省地震局建成1套服务于本省地震行业高速信息网络系统,各类设备500余套。为保障设备运转正常,需要及时发现并排除故障。实现网络设备监控信息可视化成为亟需解决的问题。Nagvis作为Nagios的展示组件,可采用多种模式对Nagios系统中的监控对象进行图形化展示。通过该技术实现安徽省地震局网络设备监控信息可视化,为运维人员及时提供网络设备运行状态,提高了网络运行质量和效率。     

基于百度地图API地震应急避难场所信息地图化动态显示的实现

使用ASP和jQuery等语言设计完成后台数据库几百条数据快速推送前台页面的编程,且鼠标掠过前端显示页面内任意坐标点图片时会显示该避难场信息和图片。本文着重阐述其具体的实现过程。     

Recent remote sensing applications for hydro and morphodynamic monitoring and modelling

It is not new to recognize that data from remote sensing platforms is transforming the way we characterize and analyse our environment. The ability to collect continuous data spanning spatial scales now allows geomorphological research in a data rich environment and this special issue [coming just eight years after the 2010 special issue of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL) associated with the remote sensing of rivers] highlights the considerable research effort being made to exploit this information, for studies of geomorphic form and process. The 2010 special issue on the remote sensing of rivers noted that fluvial remote sensing articles made up some 14% of the total river related articles in ESPL. A similar review of articles up to 2017 reveals that this figure has increased to around 25% with a recent proliferation of articles utilizing satellite‐based data and structure from motion photogrammetry derived data. It is interesting to note, however that many studies published to date are proof of concept, concentrating on confirming the accuracy of the remotely sensed data at the expense of generating new insights and ideas on fluvial form and function. Data is becoming ever more precise and researchers should now be concentrating on analysing these early data sets to develop increased geomorphic insight, to challenge existing paradigms and to advance geomorphic science. The prospect of this occurring is increased by the fact that many of the new remote sensed platforms allow accurate spatial data to be collected cheaply and efficiently, reducing the need for substantial research funding to advance river science. Fluvial geomorphologists have never before been in such a liberated position. As techniques and analytical skills continue to improve it is inevitable that the prediction that remotely sensed data will revolutionize our understanding of geomorphological form and process will prove true, altering our ideas on the very nature of system functioning in the process. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

An open source,low cost video‐based coastal monitoring system

A low cost, automated, remote monitoring video system built on standard commercial off‐the‐shelf (COTS) components and implemented with open source software is presented. The system has been implemented in a coastal area to perform image acquisition and processing, generating statistical products and transferring the information from the field to a central node where post‐processing and data visualization are made available to the general public. The open structure of the software allows the user to implement new routines and modules appropriate to fit specific needs as well as to adapt the system to study other dynamical processes where continuous observation is required. The software and image data base can be obtained as freeware. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

遥感影像的分类评价及可视化分析——以平顶山市平煤矿区附近区域为例

选取平顶山平煤矿区附近区域作为研究区,使用无人机进行拍摄,以获悉矿区周边地物种类,补充辅助决策中的居民地、道路等信息,重点研究遥感影像的分析处理.为实现遥感影像分类并增强可视化效果,以无人机影像为源图像,分别采用无人机正射影像的主流处理软件Photoscan和Pix4d,完成图像的预处理及拼接,发现利用Pix4d软件进...     

Operational applications of remote sensing in hydrology: success,prospects and problems

Abstract

The use of remote sensing information in operational hydrology is relatively limited, but specific examples can be cited for determining precipitation, soil moisture, groundwater, snow, surface water and basin characteristics. The application of remote sensing in hydrology can be termed operational if at least one of two conditions are met: (a) the application produces an output on a regular basis, or (b) the remote sensing data are used regularly on a continuing basis as part of a procedure to solve a problem or make decisions. When surveying the various operational applications, simple approaches and simple remote sensing data sets are the most successful. In the data-sparse developing countries, many operational remote sensing approaches exist (out of necessity) that may not be needed in developed countries because of existing data networks. To increase the use of remote sensing in operational hydrology in developed countries, pilot projects need to be increased and information services must be improved. Increased utilization of GIS to combine remote sensing with other information will promote new products and applications. End user training must be improved by focusing on satellite data processing and manipulation. In developing countries the same improvements are needed plus some more basic ones. There is a need for international monetary assistance to establish long-term remote sensing data, improved database systems and image processing capabilities. There is also the need to set up innovative regional training centres throughout the developing world.     

监控信息可视化技术在天津地震前兆台网的应用研究

天津地震前兆台网为天津地震监测预报提供各类数据信息,目前台网运行仪器62套,包括地形变、电磁、地下流体等.随着专业仪器逐渐实现网络化工作,对于这些仪器运行质量的监控成为管理人员的重要任务,在实现了仪器设备的网络监控后,笔者对监控信息可视化展示进行了研究,主要阐述了研究思路、设计方法以及存在的问题与不足.     

Tight Reservoir Properties Derived by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,Mercury Porosimetry and Computed Microtomography Laboratory Techniques. Case Study of Palaeozoic Clastic Rocks

Results of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations, mercury porosimetry measurements (MP) and computed microtomography (micro-CT), applied to the tight Palaeozoic rocks from the depths lower than 3000 m, were presented to estimate their reservoir potential. NMR signal analysis and interpretation were performed. Based on NMR driven models, permeability and Free Fluid Index were calculated for data sets divided into homogeneous clusters. Computerized mercury porosimetry results visualization and processing provided useful information, as the automatically determined Swanson parameter is correlated with petrophysical properties of rocks. Micro-CT enriched the image of porous space in qualitative and quantitative ways. Homogeneity of pore space structure was discussed using micro-CT approach. Integration of the results in the frame of reservoir parameters from standard laboratory methods and the modern ones resulted in the improvement of methodology for determining the old, deep-seated, hard sedimentary rocks reservoir potential.     

活动断裂调查中的高分辨率遥感技术应用方法研究

本文系统分析了高分辨率遥感在活动断裂调查中应用的技术现状、工作流程,梳理了各类遥感数据的要求、适用条件和处理方法,总结了活动断裂的遥感解译方法、解译要素和测量参数,并通过实例解析了一些典型的断错地貌,给出了相应的遥感特征. 基于资源三号卫星的立体像对和影像,判读了大青山活动断裂的几何特征和活动特性. 结果表明: 人工改造较大的地区宜收集早期遥感影像,利用不同波段间地物光谱的差异来增强隐伏活动断裂的信息,使用空间增强方法来识别断层陡坎等线性构造;雷达数据多极化分解是检测隐伏构造信息的有效方法;由宏观信息向局部信息追踪是活动断裂解译的有效途径;将遥感影像与数字高程模型(DEM)联合可进行活动断层参数的高精度测量. 本文结果可为活动断裂大比例尺、定量调查提供参考.      

SAR遥感图像在汶川地震灾害识别中的应用

汶川地震发生后,受阴雨天气的影响,光学遥感影像在救灾决策中的作用受到了很大的限制,而SAR图像由于其全天候的特点成为这次抗震救灾前期遥感信息保障十分重要的数据源.采用ENVISAT的ASAR作为数据源,利用多时相的雷达数据的幅度及相位信息对映秀及周边地区做了地震灾害识别,其中利用震前震后的幅度图像做比值变化检测,在映秀镇及紫坪铺水库等山区取得了较好的效果;利用相位信息做干涉处理得到的相干图像,经过失相干分析,发现建筑物的破坏等级与相干系数变化指数的大小高度相关.比较这两种方法,在都江堰等平原地区由于失相干现象不像山区那么严重,并且利用比值处理可以去除部分空间失相干及系统热噪声等带来的干扰因素,可以成为幅度图像的有益补充.结果表明,结合SAR幅度影像和干涉相干影像,可以在地震灾害评估中取得更好效果.随着极化干涉雷达技术的日益成熟,多时相幅度信息、相位信息等多特征SAR影像信息的融合会在救灾决策中发挥更大的作用.     

一种辐射成像三维可视化系统的实现

辐射成像技术在医疗诊断、无损检测和工业探伤领域有着重要的应用,三维可视化技术与辐射成像技术的结合有助于帮助人们以更直观和形象的方式对病灶和被检物进行检查,从而提供更为有效的信息和检查结果。本文介绍了一种基于辐射数据而构建的三维可视化系统的实现,通过系统分析和整体设计,模块级的实现、交互控制和界面设计等四个方面阐述了基本思路,对于辐射成像可视化系统的研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

三维数据的二维可视化方法综述

等高线图、晕渲图和分层设色图等作为传统的三维数据的二维可视化方法,有各自的优点并被广泛地应用于屏幕显示和平面制图中。随着三维数据分辨率的不断提高,传统可视化方法已不能完全满足显示、挖掘隐含信息的要求。一种新的地形参数(openness)以及由此而产生的新的可视化方法(RRIM)被提出,这在很大程度上增强了二维显示的立体感和直观性。同时,在构造地貌研究的应用中,对细微构造的识别有着其他可视化方法无法比拟的优越性。良好的室内地貌解译工作不仅能够提高工作效率而且能够在一定程度上减少野外工作量。同时,对于森林覆盖严重、自然条件恶劣、不易到达而又具有研究价值的区域,RRIM提供了一种更好的工作方法,有着非常重要的实用价值。     

Information flow and controlling in regularization inversion of quantitative remote sensing

In order to minimize uncertainty of the inversed parameters to the largest extent by making full use of the limited information in remote sensing data, it is necessary to understand what the information flow in quantitative remote sensing model inversion is, thus control the information flow. Aiming at this, the paper takes the linear kernel-driven model inversion as an example. At first, the information flow in different inversion methods is calculated and analyzed, then the effect of information flow controlled by multi-stage inversion strategy is studied, finally, an information matrix based on USM is defined to control information flow in inversion. It shows that using Shannon entropy decrease of the inversed parameters can express information flow more properly. Changing the weight of a priori knowledge in inversion or fixing parameters and partitioning datasets in multi-stage inversion strategy can control information flow. In regularization inversion of remote sensing, information matrix based on     

A Low-Cost System to Remotely Measure Piezometric Head

Alow-cost rapid response system to remotely collect piezometric head data in compressible porous media has been constructed. The system is based on low-cost temperature compensated pressure transducers, standard low-cost CMOS logic devices, low-cost commercially available two-way radios and a portable microcomputer. The basic system operation involves encoding a pressure transducer output, which is then transmitted on command via two-way FM radios to a base station located up to one-half mile away. The base station includes a TRS-80 Model 100 microcomputer which controls the network of remote stations and decodes and stores the information. This information is partially processed in the microcomputer and may be readily transferred to a mainframe for further data analysis. The base station interrogates as many as 16 remote stations at a specified sampling rate. The versatility of the system also allows it to be used to operate any remote instrumentation system having a suitable voltage output.     

A CASE STUDY ON RULE-BASED MULTIPLE SOURCE DATA CLASSIFICATION WITH GIS

IINTRODUCTIONLanduse/coverisoneofthemostimportalfactorseffectingsoilandwaterloss.Researchonlanduse/coverandwaterandsoillosswithremotesensinghasbeendonemuchinthepast.Butremotelysensedimageryonlycarriestheinstantaneousandtwo-dimensionalinformationofitsprototypegeographicobjects(ChenandZhao,1990).Thereforemathematicalandphysicalprocessingonremotelysensedimageoftenproduceindefiniteandunreliableresult.Inordertoimprovetheprecisionofclassification,otherdatasetssuchastopographicmaps,thematicmaps…