输油管泄露地下水污染模拟及防控管理方案比选

以云南某炼油厂区内地下水为研究对象,通过分析其水文地质条件,结合钻孔水位资料,建立水文地质模型。选取石油类作为预测因子,采用GMS软件建立地下水水流场模型和溶质运移模型,计算在(156)d内石油类的迁移过程,并对比3种抽出处理法防控管理方案,选取最优方案。研究结果表明：石油持续泄露156 d时JC02监测到污染物,结合经济、人力等因素方案(2)为最优。     

江汉平原沙洋地区地下水系统分析

本文运用系统化方法分析和研究了江汉平原沙洋地区地下水系统结构与功能,建立了水文地质概念模型及系统处理模型——耦合模型。该模型把系统与环境有机的结合起来,为评价系统最优化和设计系统最优开采方案奠定了理论基础。     

南定矿疏降排水系统最优化设计研究

运用最优化理论,在认真分析研究南定矿区水文地质资料的基础上,建立了多层层系统水文地质概念模型和相应的"准三维"数学模型,并识别了模型的水文地质参数;建立区地下水系统管理模型;运用响应矩阵法求解了管理模型的最优解。      

淮北市地下水资源优化管理研究

通过对淮北市地质、水文地质条件的综合分析 ,建立了淮北市双含水层系统水文地质概念模型。引入准三维流数学模型进行地下水动态预报及建立地下水管理模型。用线性规划模型提出淮北市地下水资源的最佳管理方案。最后提出开展地下水回灌研究、建立岩溶含水层地下水库、限制发展耗水型工业及用法律和经济手段管理水资源开发等建议     

石家庄市东部平原FEFLOW地下水数值模拟与研究

根据研究区水文地质条件、开采条件及资料条件,将研究区内水文地质概念模型概化为二维非均质、各向同性、非稳定地下水流系统.利用先进的FEFLOW有限元地下水模拟系统建立了研究区的区域地下水流模型,预测不同开采方案下的地下水动态变化,为地下水资源开发利用和优化配置提供科学依据.     

阿克苏地区地下水资源与水盐调控分析

根据水和盐分运移平面模型和剖面模型运行结果，确定该区形成盐碱化的潜水水位的临界深度为2．2m。根据地下水位的理深和形成盐碱化的程度，划分出六个区域。在可能导致盐碱化加剧的区域采用以开采地下水为主，以降低地下水位；在有可能出现盐碱化地区，以采用地表水和地下水相结合的灌溉方式；在地下水位埋藏较深(＞5m)的地区，以地表水灌溉为主。从控制盐碱化和保证农业可持续发展出发，以环境、经济、技术和水动力条件为约束条件，以最大限度利用水资源为目标，建立了该区地表水和地下水联合调度的优化模型，确定出各区地下水的最优开采量和地表水的合理引水量，制定出保汪农业可持续发展条件下，水资源最优开发方案。     

深基坑降水工程试验及降水方案设计

针对长江三角洲第四纪松散沉积层厚度大、地下水位高、地下水量丰富,地下水流动状态复杂等特点,利用深基坑降水试验推求水文地质参数.采用Visual MODFLOW三维有限元差分计算软件,以上海地铁七号线新村路站深基坑降水为例,建立了多层含水层地下水模型,提出了深基坑最优地下水降水方案.     

岩溶地下水系统灰色特征及灰参模型研究：以桂林东区岩溶裂隙管道,凯里岩…

本文结合岩溶地下水系统自身所具有灰色特征，首次把灰色系统理论引入地下水渗流模型中，建立起具有灰源汇项，灰边界，灰水文地质参数等灰变量岩溶地下水系统水流模型（ＫＧＳＧＰＭ）研究了水文地质参数求解方法－枯，雨季参数法和最优区间参数法。     

北京平原区域地下水流模拟

为深入研究北京平原地下水资源的现状及未来的变化趋势,探讨地下水资源可持续开发方案,文章建立了北京平原三维地下水流非稳定流模型。在充分分析北京平原区水文地质条件的基础上,建立了三维数字水文地质概念模型。从区域上将北京平原含水层系统划分为5个含水层和4个弱透水层互层的多层系统。在此基础上利用GMS模型软件建立了三维地下水稳定流模拟模型和非稳定流模拟模型。首先利用1995年丰水年的地下水均衡量建立和校正了稳定流模型。之后在稳定流模型的基础上建立和校正了非稳定流模型,非稳定流模型的模拟期为1995～2005年。最后用模型分析了北京平原区地下水流场的变化趋势。与20世纪60年代天然流场相比,北京市平原区区域地下水流场发生了巨大变化。除了区域地下水位整体下降外,在不同深度的含水层形成了规模不等的地下水位降落漏斗。自1999年以来的连续干旱,导致河流基本干枯,地下水补给量减少,加之应急水源地的投入运行,使地下水贮存量被持续地大量消耗,地下水位快速下降。长期以往,必将造成含水层地下水疏干。控制和减少地下水开采势在必行。     

广州江村水源地岩溶地下水流场数值模拟

采用GMS软件建立江村水源地岩溶地下水水文地质概念模型,利用MODFLOW模块模拟了岩溶地下水分布。模型识别、验证结果表明,所建立模型达到精度要求,真实地反映了该区域地下水水力特征,为该地区地下水污染调查评价奠定了基础。     

应用解析法确定傍河水源地地下水开采方案

合理设计开采方案对傍河水源地地下水资源开发具有重要意义。以德惠典型傍河地下水水源地为研究区,在查明研究区水文地质条件的基础上,以管井为例,运用解析法确定了最佳开采方案和水源地地下水允许开采量,并对最佳开采方案的合理性和可靠性进行了分析。结果表明,当开采井沿河流呈直线形单排布井方式,井数为12眼,井河距离为200 m,井间距离为150 m,单井开采量为2 960 m3/d,总开采量为35 520 m3/d时,取水保证程度较高,面对河流突发性污染具有一定的抵御能力,不会对区域水环境和其他用户造成较大影响。     

A GIS enabled nested simulation-optimization model for routing groundwater to overcome spatio-temporal water supply and demand disconnects in South Texas

Groundwater, under sustainable management policies, can be an invaluable source of water to municipal, agricultural, and industrial sectors. Management, however, can be challenging given that historically, these resources have been privately owned and minimally regulated. This research details the development of a decision support system (DSS) which couples a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) scheme with simulation-optimization routines to identify suitable regions for groundwater development and optimal preferences for apportioning those supplies to areas of demand in South Texas. The developed DSS consisted of three modules: (1) a GIS-based MCDM for identifying suitable locations for groundwater production; (2) a simulation-optimization model for estimating available groundwater; and (3) a transportation optimization model for redistributing the groundwater. Applying a comprehensive suite of nine exclusionary criteria in GIS resulted in only 15,304 km² (5,909 mi²) suitable for groundwater production out of the original ~50,500 km² (19,500 mi²). Two ideal sites were selected in the suitable region based on proposed major water supply projects in the study area. The projected groundwater extraction rates per month varied considerably over a year emphasizing a need for storage technologies. Furthermore, a transportation optimization model, which considered cost of storage and movement, was developed and applied to obtain the most optimal scheme to transport groundwater from potential supply centers located in Bee and Kennedy counties to projected water deficit areas of San Antonio, Laredo, and McAllen, TX, USA. Lastly, a full-factorial sensitivity analysis was carried out to check the impacts of the supply and demand factors on groundwater production and transport. Policies at the supply centers had a larger impact on the total availability of water, and policies at the demand centers had a larger impact on the total cost of the management scheme. Furthermore, an analysis of total volume stored in a storage and recovery system exhibited an inverse relationship with the groundwater development (supply side) policies and a direct relationship with the demand requirements. The developed DSS proved useful for determining the most optimal siting and distribution network for groundwater sources in South Texas.     

CMHMIS及其在煤矿水化学特征研究中的应用

利用笔者开发的煤矿水文地质管理信息系统(CMHMIS)来研究煤矿地下水的化学特征。在简要介绍CMHMIS总体设计及其各模块功能的基础上,着重阐述了利用CMHMIS研究张双楼矿井地下水系统水化学特征的结果,并得出一种适合该矿具体情况的最佳分析方案      

Optimal design of a groundwater monitoring network in Daqing,China

In the Daqing region of China there are 34 groundwater well fields with a groundwater withdrawal of 81.9×10⁴ m³/d. Due to over-abstraction of the groundwater resources from the 1960s to present, a cone of depression up to 4,000 km² has formed in the area. To monitor the change in the groundwater environment, it is necessary to design an effective groundwater-monitoring network. The sites for monitoring groundwater level were selected by applying the finite-element method coupled with Kalman filtering to the area in which the groundwater resources have been extensively exploited. The criterion is a threshold value of the standard deviation of estimation error. This threshold value is determined by the tradeoff between maximum information and minimum cost, in which the maximum information is characterized by the standard deviation and the minimum cost is equivalent to the number of observation wells. The groundwater flow model was calibrated by an optimal algorithm coupled the finite-element method with Kalman filtering by using the data from 16 observation wells from 1986 to 1993. A simulation algorithm coupled with the finite-element method with Kalman filtering analyzed the location data obtained from the existing 38 observation wells in the same region. The spatial distribution of standard deviation of estimation error is computed and the locations that have the maximum standard deviation are selected as additional sites for augmenting the existing observational well network at a given threshold value of the standard deviation surface. Based on the proposed method for selecting a groundwater level monitoring network, an optimal monitoring network with 88 observation wells with the measurement frequency of 12 times per year is selected in the Daqing region of China.     

长江三角洲地区深基坑降水与地面沉降模拟预测耦合模型研究

长江三角洲地区深基坑降水复杂,且极易引起地面沉降地质灾害问题,传统的基于地下水动力学原理的解析解模型(Theis公式或Dupuit公式)已难以满足降水设计模拟计算的需要,尤其是无法预测降水引起的地面沉降问题,深基坑降水与地面沉降耦合模型将地下水渗流模型和土体应力-应变模型耦合起来,可根据基坑地下水位的控制要求,同时模拟计算出降水井的布局、各井的开采量和地面沉降量。据此确定出的基坑降水方案既能满足地下水位的控制要求,又能对降水引起的地面沉降进行最优化控制。     

青岛李哥庄地下咸水体恢复方案的数值优化

海水入侵导致地下水变咸对青岛李哥庄地区经济发展产生了不利影响,急需开展治理该地区咸水体的工作。根据研究区已有的降雨、蒸发及水文地质等资料,结合现场调查和监测,利用地下水模拟软件Visual-MODFLOW中的SEAWAT模块建立了该地区的数值模型,并利用实测资料识别和验证了该模型参数,表明所建模型能反映李哥庄地区的实际水文地质条件。为了模拟研究区地下咸水体的恢复治理情况,提出了连续抽水、间歇式抽水和抽注水结合三种咸水恢复方案,并利用该模型对三种恢复方案进行了模拟优化。结果表明,抽取地下咸水只是咸水恢复的一个因素,周边淡水的驱替作用则是咸水恢复另一个的因素,抽注水结合恢复方案为三种方案中最优的方案。     

Surface water and groundwater dynamic interaction models as guiding tools for optimal conjunctive water use policies in the central plain of Thailand

Many irrigation projects in the central plain of Thailand are not capable of providing sufficient surface water for the cultivation of rice, which is the major cash crop for Thai farmers. To overcome this surface water deficiency, which has been exacerbated in recent years by climate change, groundwater is increasingly being used for irrigation. Thus, large sections of agriculture lands have been converted to conjunctive water use regions. While conjunctive water use may be a suitable option to overcome the temporary water shortages on a short-term basis, it may pose a particular threat to the overall water resources in the long term, if not properly managed. As a remedy, conjunctive water management policies ought to be adopted. Conjunctive water management is basically a tool to optimize productivity, equity, and environmental sustainability through simultaneous management of surface water and groundwater resources. As of now, such a comprehensive approach has not been yet employed in the upper Chao Phraya basin of Thailand, and the present study is one of the first of this kind. The study region is the Plaichumpol Irrigation Project (PIP) where conjunctive water use has become indispensable for meeting the increasing water requirements for farming. To get a first grip on the issue, water demand, supply and actual use in the study area were investigated for the purpose of providing possible guidelines for optimal water exploitation. A numerical groundwater model with a special module for simulating surface-groundwater interaction was applied in the PIP area to understand the impact of the farmer’s irrigation behavior on the dominant hydrological processes that determine the seasonal and multi-annual water availability in the irrigation area. A set-up of different agricultural water allocation schemes that depend on the local weather conditions and the regional management rules are examined by the numerical models. The results of the simulations provide adaptation guidelines for the proper management of the conjunctive water resources, namely, optimal water utilization. The numerical results for the surface groundwater in particular indicated that while the irrigation canals recharge water to the aquifer during both dry and wet season, small amounts of discharge from the aquifers to the canals occur only during the wet season. The analysis of the groundwater balance also showed that the present available groundwater potential is not fully exploited by the farmers, especially during the dry periods of surface water shortage. In contrast, the adoption of an optimal conjunctive management scheme would ensure extra water availability for additional annual rice crops in the region.     

聚类分析在地下水水质分类评价中的应用

为更好的探究聚类分析在地下水环境评价中的应用,结合重庆市藻渡水库工程,采用系统聚类法分析了水库枢纽和库区位置的地下水监测点与周围煤矿污染源之间的相互关系,运用灰色聚类法和改进的灰色聚类法对地下水监测点进行综合评价,并分析了两种方法的优缺点。最终将17个地下水监测点划分为未超标天然地下水和受煤矿开采污染的地下水两大类,分析了污染物来源并评价了污染程度,为藻渡水库工程的地下水污染防治提供了科学依据。     

新疆柴窝堡盆地保湖供水方案优化设计

对乌鲁木齐河流域柴窝堡盆地的地下水资源进行科学管理，主要进行了保湖供水方案的优化设计，从技术角度提出了一个最佳的地下水资源开采方案，旨在为该地区水资源综合利用提供科学依据