基于高铁震源简化桥墩模型激发地震波的数值模拟

高铁列车运行过程中绝大部分时间都是行驶在高架桥上的,高铁列车经过桥梁时,通过与大地耦合的桥墩激发地震波发震过程和平地不完全一样.本文探索高铁列车行驶经过高架桥桥墩,通过桥墩对地下介质激发地震波的机理及过程.为了便于理论分析,文中将高铁列车简化为在高架桥上沿一个方向运动的移动线源,通过每节车厢前后组轮对,对每一个桥墩施加力的作用,而桥墩插入地面几十米深至围岩,与表层土壤和深层围岩双重耦合,由此给出高铁列车通过桥墩激发地震波的震源时间函数.同时,基于广义连续介质力学框架下的修正偶应力理论,推导包含介质特征尺度的弹性波动方程,并应用此弹性波动方程以及构建的高铁震源时间函数,采用优化的交错网格有限差分算法,实现数值模拟,将合成的地震记录与实际地震记录对比分析,其结论将为进一步的基于高铁震源的成像和反演研究提供理论依据.

     

基于高铁震源简化桥墩模型激发地震波的数值模拟

高铁列车运行过程中绝大部分时间都是行驶在高架桥上的,高铁列车经过桥梁时,通过与大地耦合的桥墩激发地震波发震过程和平地不完全一样.本文探索高铁列车行驶经过高架桥桥墩,通过桥墩对地下介质激发地震波的机理及过程.为了便于理论分析,文中将高铁列车简化为在高架桥上沿一个方向运动的移动线源,通过每节车厢前后组轮对,对每一个桥墩施加力的作用,而桥墩插入地面几十米深至围岩,与表层土壤和深层围岩双重耦合,由此给出高铁列车通过桥墩激发地震波的震源时间函数.同时,基于广义连续介质力学框架下的修正偶应力理论,推导包含介质特征尺度的弹性波动方程,并应用此弹性波动方程以及构建的高铁震源时间函数,采用优化的交错网格有限差分算法,实现数值模拟,将合成的地震记录与实际地震记录对比分析,其结论将为进一步的基于高铁震源的成像和反演研究提供理论依据.     

基于OpenSees的钢筋混凝土桥墩拟静力试验数值分析

以4个呈弯曲破坏形态的圆形钢筋混凝土桥墩的拟静力试验结果为依据,基于OpenSees中的Beamwith Hinges Element单元,建立了相应的桥墩滞回分析纤维单元模型。由模拟结果与试验结果对比可知,所建立的纤维单元模型对桥墩的骨架曲线及滞回曲线都有良好的模拟效果,且能体现桥墩在反复加载过程中刚度、强度退化现象,表明了模型的有效性。     

堆芯燃料组件抗震计算关键参数的敏感性分析

堆芯燃料组件作为核电厂反应堆中的抗震Ⅰ类部件,其在地震作用下是否会发生显著变形或破坏,将关系到整个燃料组件的完整性和反应堆的安全性。针对堆芯燃料组件的结构特性,结合堆芯燃料组件抗震性能评价准则中的具体评价要求,研究构建堆芯燃料组件抗震分析计算模型的简化方法。在此基础上,结合组件简化模型中的四类抗震计算关键参数,进一步分析各关键参数对单组件简化模型动力学特性和多组件堆芯模型抗震分析计算的影响,从而更加准确的把握各关键参数对组件抗震计算的影响程度,为相关设计和核安全审评提供参考。     

基于E-FAST法分析海啸波高对潜在海啸源参数的敏感性

以马尼拉海沟的北断层发生M_W8.0地震在南海引发海啸为假想的模拟情景, 利用E-FAST法定量分析了COMCOT海啸数值模型输出(最大海啸波高)对震级, 震源深度, 震中位置和断层走向、 倾角、 滑动角等震源参数的敏感性, 以及各震源参数间的交互效应对最大海啸波高的影响. 结果表明, 观测点B₁( 20.1°N, 119.4°E)、 B₂(18.4°N, 118.1°E)和B₃(13.5°N, 117.6°E)的最大海啸波高都对震级十分敏感, 对震中位置、 断层走向和倾角较为敏感. 敏感的震源参数在影响上述3个观测点的最大海啸波高时, 与其它震源参数产生了较强的交互效应. 但是对于不同的观测点, 各震源参数的重要度排序则存在一定的差异. 该分析结果有助于更好地认识海啸波高与潜在海啸源参数之间的关系.     

地震频谱特性对高速列车车体振动的影响分析

为研究不同频谱特性的地震作用对高速列车振动的影响,本文建立31自由度的机车模型,利用三角级数法生成轨道不平顺。通过在水平、竖直两个方向输入不同频谱特性的三条地震波,主要从频域角度分析总结了不同车速和不同地震峰值加速度下车体的垂直和横向加速度。结果表明,地震对车体横向振动的影响大于垂向;地震动的低频成分居多时,会使得车体振动响应增大。地震峰值加速度对车体振动有较大影响且车速和地震峰值加速度共同控制车体的横向和垂向振动主频。列车运行时,若遇到卓越频率低且峰值加速度较大的地震激励。     

基于非协调参数Drucker-Prager模型的预应力节段拼装混凝土桥墩滞回性能研究

混凝土的数值计算模型在滞回性能分析中往往比较难收敛,利用有限元软件ADINA提供Drucker-Prager模型的Cap修正屈服准则确立的非协调参数Drucker-Prager模型对预应力节段拼装混凝土桥墩进行数值分析,对预应力节段拼装桥墩在低周往复荷载作用下的滞回性能进行分析。通过比较采用非协调参数Drucker-Prager模型建立的数值模型计算得到的滞回曲线与试验得到的结果,两者吻合程度较高。基于这一成果可以通过数值模拟的方式获得预应力节段拼装桥墩的滞回曲线与相关数据,可应用于预应力节段拼装桥墩抗震计算和设计。     

土层参数的随机性对场地放大因子的影响分析

以Turkey Flat标准试验场为基准场地,以Toro剪切波速模型为基础,进行Monte Carlo模拟,生成剪切波速、层厚和密度随机样本各200条,将各土层随机参数组成4个工况作为不确定分析的基础。采用常用的四分之一波长法和传递函数法计算场地放大因子,分析放大因子以及特征周期对4种工况的敏感度。结果表明:土层剪切波速、层厚和密度的随机性对2种方法计算得到场地放大因子有相同的影响;剪切波速的随机性对放大因子和特征频率的影响比其他参数大;四分之一波长法得到的放大因子和特征频率对土层各参数的敏感性弱于传递函数方法。     

基于FENAP平台的RC高桥墩破坏过程模拟及分析

为精细模拟钢筋混凝土高桥墩在静力推覆荷载作用下的破坏过程,本文基于钢筋混凝土精细化纤维梁柱单元模型分析平台FENAP,对一实际的西部山区空心截面高桥墩进行了Pushover分析,通过对构件、截面和纤维层次的力-位移关系曲线分析,模拟了桥墩从墩底混凝土开裂、纵筋屈服到受压区混凝土压碎的完整破坏过程。并将FENAP平台与OpenSees计算结果进行对比,结果表明,FE-NAP平台可有效地模拟高墩在静力推覆荷载下的破坏过程和软化行为,具有较高的求解精度。进一步比较了不同轴压比、是否考虑约束混凝土效应及纵筋屈曲效应等因素对分析结果的影响,得出结论,轴压比和约束混凝土效应对高桥墩的破坏过程发展有较大影响,而纵筋屈曲效应影响较小,可忽略不计。     

村镇滑移隔震建筑瞬时摩擦耗能的参数敏感性分析

给出了村镇滑移隔震建筑瞬时摩擦耗能的概念,并以此概念为响应指标。通过极差大小的对比,分析了该响应指标对刚度比、第二阶段刚度系数、隔震层屈服位移、隔震层摩擦系数、系统质量比和上部结构自振周期六个参数变化的敏感程度,阐述了上述系统参数对瞬时摩擦耗能这一响应指标的影响规律。研究表明:场地条件和地震动幅值大小对瞬时摩擦耗能均有显著影响;在所考虑的参数范围内,上部结构自振周期总是对瞬时摩擦耗能有较为显著的影响,摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能的影响跟场地条件有关,Ⅰ类场地条件中摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能影响不显著,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地条件中,摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能的影响则非常显著;隔震层屈服位移、刚度比和第二阶段刚度系数总得来讲对瞬时摩擦耗能影响不显著,质量比对瞬时摩擦耗能影响居中。     

Seismic response of bridge pier on rigid caisson foundation in soil stratum

An analytical method to study the seismic response of a bridge pier supported on a rigid caisson foundation embedded in a deep soil stratum underlain by a homogeneous half space is developed. The method reproduces the kinematic and inertial responses, using translational and rotational distributed Winkler springs and dashpots to simulate the soil-caisson interaction. Closed-form solutions are given in the frequency domain for vertical harmonic S-wave excitation. Comparison with results from finite element （FE） analysis and other available solutions demonstrates the reliability of the model. Results from parametric studies are given for the kinematic and inertial responses. The modification of the fundamental period and damping ratio of the bridge due to soil-structure interaction is graphically illustrated.     

高速铁路路基动土压力测试信号的小波分析

阐述了小波分析的基本原理与方法,选用Daubechies小波对某高速铁路路基土压力的现场振动测试信号进行分析处理。由此对高速列车荷载作用下,路基动土压力产生的机理及其土压力的构成进行较深入的研究。     

Prediction and mitigation analysis of ground vibration caused by running high-speed trains on rigid-frame viaducts

In this study a 3D numerical analysis approach is developed to predict the ground vibration around rigid-frame viaducts induced by running high-speed trains. The train-bridge-ground interaction system is divided into two subsystems: the train-bridge interaction and the soil-structure interaction. First, the analytical program to simulate bridge vibration with consideration of train-bridge interaction is developed to obtain the vibration reaction forces at the pier bottoms. The highspeed train is described by a multi-DOFs vibration system and the rigid-frame viaduct is modeled with 3D beam elements. Second, applying these vibration reaction forces as input external excitations, the ground vibration is simulated by using a general-purpose program that includes soil-structure interaction effects. The validity of the analytical procedure is confirmed by comparing analytical and experimental results. The characteristics of high-speed train-induced vibrations, including the location of predominant vibration, are clarified. Based on this information a proposed vibration countermeasure using steel strut and new barrier is found effective in reducing train-induced vibrations and it satisfies environmental vibration requirements. The vibration screening efficiency is evaluated by reduction VAL based on 1/3 octave band spectral analysis.     

Vibration analysis of pile-supported embankments under high-speed train passage

Soft ground improvement using piles has increasingly been used as a rapid construction technique for railway and highway embankments over soft soil areas. While most studies conducted so far have addressed only issues of stability and settlement of pile-supported embankments under static loading, very limited attention has been paid to understanding their behaviors under transient loading of moving vehicles. In this study, vibration behaviors of this embankment system under high-speed train passage are investigated through three-dimensional finite element simulation. They include (1) characteristics of the surface wave field at high train speeds, (2) the dependence of vibration amplitude on the train speed and the phenomenon of critical speed, and (3) response at some typical locations in the system when the train moves at the critical speed. The study shows that there are breaks in the simulated wave fronts as transiting between different materials due to the difference in the Rayleigh wave speed among the materials relative to the train speed, and that the increase in train speed is accompanied by the increase in phase shift between the train load and the displacement pattern beneath the load. It is shown that the critical speed of the system is governed by the embankment, instead of the soft soil as commonly observed in previous studies in which the ground is not improved. Namely the vibration amplitude is maximally amplified when the train speed approaches the characteristic Rayleigh wave speed of the embankment material. In addition, the results also suggest that the sloping surfaces on the ballast and embankment along with the piles form a ‘trapping’ effect by which most of the train-induced waves, especially higher-frequency waves, incident to the sloping surfaces are trapped and dissipated within the pile-supported embankment system, and thus significantly reducing vibration amplitudes outside the embankment.     

地铁列车曲线运行引起学校建筑物振动响应分析

地铁以其快捷、准时、运量大等优点,已成为重要的轨道交通形式,但由此引起的环境振动问题日益突出.针对杭州市地铁3号线曲线地段的某中学建设工程,利用有限元软件ABAQUS,对车辆-普通整体道床轨道系统的竖向耦合模型进行振动响应分析,得到考虑轨道高低不平顺影响的轨道振动源强.应用有限元软件MIDAS GTS/NX,建立双孔平...     

高铁震源地震信号的稀疏化建模

我国每天有数千趟高铁列车运行在两万多公里的高铁线路上,不但会引起高铁路基的振动,还会激发出地震波.地震检波器所接收到的数据中不仅包含窄带分立谱特性的高铁震源地震信号,还包含宽频带特性的背景信号.如何实现从检波器所接收到的高铁震源地震数据中分离出高铁震源地震信号和宽频带背景信号是准确利用该类信号的关键.考虑到高铁震源地震信号与宽频带信号在频率域明显的形态特征差异,本文首次将形态成分分析这种信号分离手段引入到高铁震源地震信号处理中,实现高铁震源地震信号的稀疏化建模并进而实现从接收数据中分离出高铁震源地震信号以及宽频带背景信号.对北京大学在中国南方某高铁沿线采集到的大量高铁震源地震数据进行处理,结果表明：采用形态成分分析并结合分块坐标松弛算法,能够实现实际采集高铁震源地震数据中的高铁震源地震信号和宽频带信号的分离.

     

Seismic performance analysis of underground structures based on random field model of soil mechanical parameters

Soils with spatial variability are the product of natural history. The mechanical properties tested by soil samples from boreholes in the same soil layer may be different. Underground structure service in surrounding soils, their seismic response is controlled by the deformation of the surrounding soils. The variability of soil mechanical parameters was not considered in the current research on the seismic response of underground structures. Therefore, a random field model was established to describe the spatial variability of surrounding soils based on the random field theory. Then the seismic response of underground structures in the random field was simulated based on the time-domain explicit global FEM analysis, and the soil mechanical parameters and earthquake intensity influencing the seismic response of surrounding soils and underground structures were studied. Numerical results presented that, the randomness of soil parameters does not change the plastic deformation mode of surrounding soils significantly. The variation coefficients of inter-story deformation of structures and lateral deformation of columns are much smaller than that of mechanical parameters, and the randomness of soil parameters has no obvious effect on the structural deformation response.     

基础非线性对桥墩地震反应的影响

在桩基础桥墩滞回特性的模型试验基础上,提出了用Clough模型模拟基础(地基)的恢复力特性。桥墩采用Takeda恢复力模型。用强震记录与人工合成地震动作为输入对铁路简支梁桥进行了非线性地震反应分析,讨论了不同地震动输入及不同地震强度时基础非线性对桥梁地震反应的影响。研究结果表明,考虑基础的非线性一般会使墩顶位移增大,而墩底的曲率明显减小,且随着地震动强度的增加,基础的非线性影响更加明显。     

粘性土地基在动荷载作用下变形分析

通过室内模型试验从宏观与微观结构讨论了粘性土地基分别在静载、动载作用下横向位移、竖向位移随深度的变化规律、地基应变与最大剪应变分布。分析研究了粘性土微结构动态环境能场、外部环境条件变化与其内在介质环境变化之间的密切关联。结果表明,动载比静载作用下的位移、应变、剪应变大得多,特别是对地基的浅表处影响不仅范围大而且深度加大。试验结果还表明偏湿土和受振动的土击数越多,对土的初始结构损伤越厉害,但土的后期结构强度有所提高。