黔西南煤层中铌、铀、钒和锂元素富集与潜在资源评价

通过对普安、晴隆一带煤矿主采煤层元素测试分析,发现煤层中U,Li,Nb和V金属元素高度富集,其燃烧后的煤灰中U,Li,Nb和V金属元素基本达到工业品位,表明该区煤矿具有潜在的伴生资源利用前景。     

云南宣威晚二叠世末生物灭绝期C1煤的地球化学特征

云南宣威雁塘煤矿晚二叠世末期C1煤层蕴含了二叠纪—三叠纪界线事件演化以及宣威肺癌高发原因方面的重要信息。本文对该矿C1煤层(包括三个分层——B1、B2和B3)进行了刻槽分层采样,采用X射线荧光光谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱测试了24个样品中常量和微量元素。利用偏光显微镜和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEMEDX)对煤中的显微组分及矿物组成进行微区分析,利用X射线衍射对低温灰化后的煤样作了矿物的半定量分析。结果表明,雁塘矿C1煤中常量元素Ca、Mn、Si含量明显高于中国煤均值;与华南二叠纪煤平均值、中国煤平均值、世界煤平均值以及地壳元素丰度相比较,雁塘矿C1煤中的W、Co、Mo、Cd、Pb、Be、Sb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Zr和V等12种微量元素相对比较富集。结合相关分析和SEM-EDX微区分析方法,对C1煤中微量元素的赋存状态进行分析发现Cs、Ga、Nb、Ba、Rb、Th、Tl、U与灰分显著正相关,表明这些元素主要以无机矿物态赋存,其它元素赋存状态复杂。结合C1煤中12种富集元素在垂向上的含量分布特征,推断Co、Cu、V、Zn应主要来源于峨眉山玄武岩风化产物;Be和Zr主要受同沉积火山灰影响;Ni则可能受峨眉山玄武岩风化及同沉积火山灰的共同影响;同沉积火山灰是C1煤中W来源之一;Sb可能受中低温热液的影响。C1煤中Zr与我国南方其他地区P/T界线粘土岩中Zr的富集规律一致。C1煤中富集的微量元素与宣威肺癌高发区可吸入颗粒物中的高含量元素一致,推断C1煤的燃烧可能与宣威肺癌高发有关。C1煤中富集的有毒有害微量元素可能与二叠纪—三叠纪之交生物大灭绝期的独特环境有密切关系。     

贵州煤中某些金属元素异常富集研究进展

煤层能在特定的地质条件下富集多种关键金属元素,形成具有综合利用价值的“煤型关键金属矿床”,随着煤中共伴生金属元素提取技术日益成熟,研究煤中金属元素的富集与分布特征、查明具有成矿潜力的富集区具有十分重要的资源意义。本研究基于近20年以来前人发表的有关贵州煤地球化学的研究成果及作者自测数据,统计了贵州省23个主要产煤县（市）的1002个样品数据,揭示了贵州煤中Li、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U和稀土元素（REY）等关键金属元素的总体分布富集特征。研究表明,贵州煤中Li、Zr、Nb、REY等关键金属元素较为富集并具有共伴生成矿潜力的区域为黔北煤田和黔西南兴义煤田两个区域。其中,金沙、桐梓、普安等地煤中Li平均含量换算为灰基Li2O 分别为1254 μg/g、1214 μg/g和724.4 μg/g,务川和正安煤种Zr平均含量换算为灰基ZrO2分别为4749 μg/g和4168 μg/g,务川煤中Nb平均含量换算为灰基Nb2O5为484.4 μg/g,金沙、桐梓、务川及凯里煤中REY含量换算为灰基稀土氧化物REO含量分别为2175 μg/g、2429 μg/g、2875 μg/g和2604 μg/g,这些含量均超过了相应矿种的最低工业品位或文献建议的可回收利用指标。贵州煤中多种金属元素具有较高的含量背景值,尤其以黔西南兴义煤田和黔北煤田最为显著,作者建议应进一步加强对上述两个区域的煤地球研究,查清煤中微量元素的时空分布与富集规律,为煤型关键金属矿床的找矿勘查提供更可靠科学依据。贵州晚二叠世煤中异常富集的Li、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和REY等元素的富集主要受峨眉山玄武岩风化产物的供给、同沉积火山灰的混入以及成煤期后低温热液作用的影响。其中REE的富集,不仅与玄武岩风化产物有关,还可能受到长英质—中性物质输入的影响。     

重庆郁江煤矿晚二叠世煤地球化学特征

<正>煤是一种具有还原障和吸附障性能的有机岩,在成岩与成煤作用中能够富集Ga、Ge和稀土等有益元素和Hg、As等有害元素,因此,煤和含煤岩系元素地球化学特征一直是煤地质学研究的重要内容。代世峰等[1]研究发现重庆地区晚二叠世含煤岩系中广泛分布火山灰蚀变黏土岩夹矸,其原始物质绝大部分是同沉积的酸性、中酸性火山灰,有个别基性火山灰的报道。前人研究认为受火山灰蚀变黏土岩夹矸的影响,重庆地区晚二叠世煤层强烈富集Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和稀土元素等。郁江煤矿位于重庆东南地区彭水县,     

重庆南川晚二叠世凝灰岩的元素地球化学特征

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)等方法对重庆南川晚二叠世凝灰岩的元素地球化学特征进行了研究。研究发现,凝灰岩中富集Al、Ti、Li、Cu、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ga、Sc、Th、U和稀土元素(REE),其中Ti、Nb、Ga和REE异常富集,达到了伴生矿产的工业品位,其综合利用价值值得关注。凝灰岩自底部至顶部微量元素含量有明显增加的趋势,稀土元素(REE)在垂向上分异明显,凝灰岩上部富集轻、中稀土,向下逐渐过渡到富集重稀土类型。凝灰岩中元素的组合特征表明其原始物质可能来源于峨眉山玄武岩岩浆,属于基性火山灰成因。     

重庆南川晚二叠世凝灰岩的元素地球化学特征

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射（XRD）、带能谱的扫描电镜（SEM EDX）等方法对重庆南川晚二叠世凝灰岩的元素地球化学特征进行了研究。研究发现,凝灰岩中富集Al、Ti、Li、Cu、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ga、Sc、Th、U和稀土元素（REE）,其中Ti、Nb、Ga和REE异常富集,达到了伴生矿产的工业品位,其综合利用价值值得关注。凝灰岩自底部至顶部微量元素含量有明显增加的趋势,稀土元素（REE）在垂向上分异明显,凝灰岩上部富集轻、中稀土,向下逐渐过渡到富集重稀土类型。凝灰岩中元素的组合特征表明其原始物质可能来源于峨眉山玄武岩岩浆,属于基性火山灰成因。     

贵州晴隆矿区K6煤层的元素地球化学特征

运用电离耦合等离子体质谱、X射线荧光光谱、带能谱仪的扫描电镜和逐级化学提取等技术,对贵州西部晴隆矿区晚二叠世K6煤层的元素地球化学特征进行了研究。研究表明,除Cu、S和Fe以外,斑铜矿是造成该煤层中Bi和Pb富集的主要原因。由火山灰、陆源碎屑和有机质组成的特殊“集合体”是引起该煤层中Cr、Cu、F、U和Zr异常的主要因素。     

广西373铀矿床微量元素地球化学特征及其成因探讨

373铀矿床是我国南方典型碳硅泥岩型铀矿床之一,主要发育一套黑色弱硅化泥岩、粉砂岩,硅化生屑灰岩及其过渡型岩类地层,矿床明显受断裂发育影响,铀矿化于次级断裂带中.通过系统地球化学研究表明:3组不同期次脉体普遍亏损过渡元素Ti、Sc、Cr、Cu、Zn和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf;相对较富集Mn、Ni、As、Sr、Mo、Sb、Tl和U等微量元素.后期热液活动使脉体Ba、Sb、As和Mo等元素异常富集.后期热液叠加改造,使得岩石普遍亏损过渡元素Sc、Ti、Cr和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,普遍富集Co、Ni、Zn、As、Sb、Mo、Cd、W、Tl、Pb、Bi和U,其中As、Sb、Mo、Tl和U尤为富集,富集系数平均达到100左右,U与W、As、Sb和Pb相关系数都在0.9左右,具有高度同源性,铀成矿与热液活动有关.典型剖面微量元素富集与硅化密切相关,当硅化达到一定程度后微量元素富集出现反转,即随着硅化强度增加而富集能力反而降低.V/Cr、V/Sc、Ni/Co、V/(V+Ni)、U/Th、δU、δEu和δCe等特征元素比值反应铀预富集形成于缺氧的古海洋环境.高丰度的As、Sb和Ba等元素,以及U-Th关系图解和Zn-Ni-Co三元图解均显示热水沉积成因.微量元素特征表明碳硅泥岩形成于缺氧的还原环境,铀预富集与热水沉积有关,铀成矿与热液叠加改造有关,后期热液沿运移通道上升进入储集空间,与铀预富集地层热液叠加成矿.     

373铀矿床微量元素地球化学特征及其成因探讨

内容提要 373铀矿床是我国南方典型碳硅泥岩型铀矿床之一,主要发育一套黑色弱硅化泥岩、粉砂岩,硅化生屑灰岩及其过渡型岩类地层,矿床明显受断裂发育影响,铀矿化于次级断裂带中。通过系统地球化学研究表明：三组不同期次脉体普遍亏损过渡元素Ti、Sc、Cr、Cu、Zn和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf;相对较富集Mn、Ni、As、Sr、Mo、Sb、Tl和U等微量元素。后期热液活动使脉体Ba、Sb、As和Mo等元素异常富集。后期热液叠加改造,使得岩石普遍亏损过渡元素Sc、Ti、Cr和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,普遍富集Co、Ni、Zn、As、Sb、Mo、Cd、W、Tl、Pb、Bi和U,其中As、Sb、Mo、Tl和 U尤为富集,富集系数平均达到100左右,U与W、As、Sb和Pb相关系数都在0.9左右,具有高度同源性,铀成矿与热液活动有关。典型剖面微量元素富集与硅化密切相关,当硅化达到一定程度后微量元素富集出现反转,即随着硅化强度增加而富集能力反而降低。V/Cr、V/Sc、Ni/Co、V/(V+Ni)、U/Th、δU、δEu和δCe等特征元素比值反应铀预富集形成于缺氧的古海洋环境。高丰度的As、Sb和Ba等元素,以及U-Th关系图解和Zn-Ni-Co三元图解均显示热水沉积成因。微量元素特征表明碳硅泥岩形成于缺氧的还原环境,铀预富集与热水沉积有关,铀成矿与热液叠加改造有关,后期热液沿运移通道上升进入储集空间,与铀预富集地层热液叠加成矿。     

贵州煤中某些金属元素异常富集研究进展

煤层能在特定的地质条件下富集多种关键金属元素,形成具有综合利用价值的“煤型关键金属矿床”,随着煤中共伴生金属元素提取技术日益成熟,研究煤中金属元素的富集与分布特征、查明具有成矿潜力的富集区具有十分重要的资源意义。本研究基于近20年以来前人发表的有关贵州煤地球化学的研究成果及作者自测数据,统计了贵州省23个主要产煤县(市)的1002个样品数据,揭示了贵州煤中Li、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U和稀土元素(REY,即REE+Y)等关键金属元素的总体分布富集特征。研究表明,贵州煤中Li、Zr、Nb、REY等关键金属元素较为富集并具有共伴生成矿潜力的区域为黔北煤田和黔西南兴义煤田两个区域。其中,金沙、桐梓、普安等地煤中Li平均含量换算为灰基Li₂O分别为1254μg/g、1214μg/g和724.4μg/g,务川和正安煤种Zr平均含量换算为灰基ZrO₂分别为4749μg/g和4168μg/g,务川煤中Nb平均含量换算为灰基Nb₂O₅为484.4μg/g,金沙、桐梓、务川及凯里煤中REY含量换算为灰基稀土氧化物R...     

Concentration and distribution of elements in Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province,China

With the aim of better understanding geochemistry of coal, 71 Late Permian whole-seam coal channel samples from western Guizhou Province, Southwest China were studied and 57 elements in them were determined. The contents of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hf, K, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Sn, Ta, Ti, Th, U, V, Zr, and REEs in the Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province are higher than the arithmetic means for the corresponding elements in the US coals, whereas As, Ba, Br, F, Hg, P, Se, and Tl are lower. Compared to common Chinese coals, the contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sc, Sn, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr in western Guizhou coals are higher, and As, F, Hg, Rb, Sb, Tl, and W are lower. Five groups of elements may be classified according to their mode of occurrence in coal: The first two, Group A, Tm–Yb–Lu–Y–Er–Ho–Dy–Tb–Ce–La–Nd–Pr–Gd–Sm, and Group B, As–Sr–K–Rb–Ba–F–Ash–Si–Sn–Ga–Hf–Al–Ta–Zr–Be–Th–Na, have high positive correlation coefficients with ash yield and they show mainly inorganic affinity. Some elements from Group B, such as Ba, Be, Ga, Hf, and Th, are also characterized by significant aluminosilicate affinity. In addition, arsenic also exhibits high sulfide affinity (r_S–Fe>0.5). The elements, which have negative or lower positive correlation coefficients with ash yield (with exceptions of Bi, Cs, Nb, Mn, Se, and Ti), are grouped in other four associations: Group C, Cr–V–Mo–U–Cd–Tl; Group D, Hg–Li–Sc–Ti–Eu–Nb–Cs–W; Group E, Bi–Sb; and Group F, Co–Ni–Cu–Pb–Zn–Mg–Se–Ca–Mn–S–Fe. The correlation coefficients of some elements, including Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, P, S, Sc, U, V, and Zn, with ash yield are below the statistically significant value. Only Cr and Cu are negatively correlated to ash yield (−0.07 and −0.01, respectively), showing intermediate (organic and inorganic) affinity. Manganese and Fe are characterized by carbonate affinity probably due to high content of epigenetic veined ankerite in some coals. Phosphorus has low correlation coefficients with any other elements and is not included in these six associations. There are five possible genetic types of enrichment of elements in coal from western Guizhou Province: source rock, volcanic ash, low-temperature hydrothermal fluid, groundwater, and magmatic hydrothermal inputs.     

Characterization of trace elements in sulphur-rich Late Permian coals in the Heshan coal field,Guangxi, South China

The concentration of trace elements and their distribution in the late Permian coal in the Heshan coal field, Guangxi Autonomous Region, were analysed in this paper. The late Permian coal of the Heshan mining district was developed in a low energy and shallow, confined carbonate platform. Heshan coal is a low volatile bituminous coal characterized by a high sulphur content, ranging between 2.0% and 8.2%. Compared with the worldwide average content of the trace elements in coal, the content of some trace element in the study coal is markedly high (Bi, Ce, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, Sr, Ta, Th, U, V, W, Y, Zr, La, Mo, Nb and Sc).The trace element associations were investigated by means of intracorrelation analysis. Some elements, such as Cl, F and Sr are found in coal in association with the carbonate minerals. V, Cr, Zn, Mo, Ni and As contents in coal vary significantly amongst the coal samples. They are mainly concentrated in the lower part of the coal #4 upper of Suhe and Lilan mines and the coal #4 lower of Dong mine, and these possibly occurring in minerals such as arsenide and sulphide. The content of U in Heshan coal is high and is mainly concentrated at the upper and the lower parts of the coal seam and it is associated with mineral assemblages with Ba, Mo, V, Ni, Zn, Rb and Cr. Furthermore, La and Ce are highly correlated with those found in phosphate minerals and Pb, Sc, Ga, Th, Y and Sn to those in aluminosilicate minerals. The enrichment of some elements such as V, Cr, Zn, Mo, Ni, Rb as well as total sulphur and iron in the lower part of most coal seams might be associated with the formation of soil horizon before the accumulation of peat in the basin. Some other elements such as Cl, F, Sr and Ca are locally concentrated in the top of specific coal seams as a result of the leaching from overlying carbonates.     

滇东黔西晚二叠世煤系中火山灰蚀变粘土岩的元素地球化学特征

对滇东?黔西晚二叠世煤系中同沉积火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸?正常沉积粘土岩和煤层共采46件样品,用多种仪器分析方法测定微量元素30余种?研究表明,煤系各层段中赋存的夹矸是由性质不同的火山灰沉积蚀变形成的,各层夹矸的微量元素含量及组合关系各有特点并在较大范围内保持良好的稳定性,可用于判定层位;正常沉积粘土岩与夹矸的原始物质性质不同,其微量元素含量和组合面貌各有自己特定的分布范围,两者易于区别?     

Determination of elemental affinities by density fractionation of bulk coal samples from the Chongqing coal district, Southwestern China

The occurrence and distribution of major and trace elements have been investigated in two coal-bearing units in the Chonqing mining district (South China): the Late Permian and Late Triassic coals.The Late Permian coals have higher S contents than the Late Triassic coals due to the fixation of pyrite in marine-influenced coal-forming environments. The occurrence of pyrite accounts for the association of a large number of elements (Fe, S, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn) with sulphides, as deduced from the analysis of the density fractions. The marine influence is probably also responsible for the organic association of B. The REEs, Zr, Nb, and Hf, are enriched by a factor of 2–3 with respect to the highest levels fixed for the usual worldwide concentration ranges in coal for these elements. The content of these elements in the Late Permian coal is higher by a factor of 5–10 with respect to the Late Triassic coal. Furthermore, other elements, such as Cu, P, Th, U, V, and Y, are relatively enriched with respect to the common range values, with maximum values higher than the usual range or close to the maximum levels in coal. The content of these elements in the Late Permian coal is higher than the Late Triassic coal. These geochemical enrichments are the consequence of the occurrence, in relatively high levels, of phosphate minerals, such as apatite, xenotime, and monazite, as deduced from the study of the density fractions obtained from the bulk coal.The Late Triassic coal has a low sulphur content with a major organic affinity. The trace element contents are low when compared with worldwide ranges for coal. In this coal, the trace element distribution is governed by clay minerals, carbonate minerals, and to a lesser extent, by organic matter and sulphide minerals.Major differences found between late Permian and Triassic coals are probably related to the source rocks, given that the main source rock of the late Permian epicontinental marine basin is the Emeishan basalt formation, characterised by a high phosphate content.     

内蒙古胜利煤田0-1孔煤中微量元素地球化学特征

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱和煤质分析等技术方法,对内蒙古胜利煤田0-1号钻孔揭露的早白垩世1、2和4号煤层(共20个煤分层,1个夹矸)进行了研究。结果显示,1、2号煤层的挥发分产率大于44%,透光率小于50%,煤类为褐煤;4号煤层挥发分产率42%,透光率53%,煤类为次烟煤(长焰煤);1、2号煤层灰分和硫含量较高,4号煤层灰分和硫含量较低。与世界煤微量元素含量平均值相比,1、2和4号煤层中Sb富集,V、Zr、Nb、Hf、W等元素轻微富集,其它微量元素的含量接近或低于世界煤含量的平均值。1、2和4号煤层中稀土元素和钇(REY)含量较低,根据上地壳标准值(La/Lu)N比值,所有煤分层均显示重稀土富集类型特征,而煤中泥岩夹矸则显示轻稀土富集类型特征。     

Geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the late Permian coal in the Zhijin coalfield of southwest China and their volcanic origin

This paper describes the influence of volcanic ash on the concentrations and occurrences of associated elements in coal in the Zhijin Coalfield in western Guizhou Province, China. Our studies reveal that the No. 9 coal seam in the Zhijin Coalfield has very high content of Fe (4.34%), Cu (369.90 μg/g), U (49.6 μg/g), Mo (63.10 μg/g), Zn (33.97 μg/g), and Zr (841.80 μg/g). The studies have also found that elements, such as Fe and Cu, do not occur as sulfides in this coal seam, in sharp contrast to many other coal seams in China. The geochemical and mineralogical anomalies of the coal seam are attributed to synsedimentary volcanic ash. In addition to normal macerals and minerals in coal, a volcanic-influenced material (VIM) derived from volcanic ash, detrital material of terrigenous origin and organic matter was identified under polarized-light reflectance microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The volcanic-influenced material is the main carrier of the above elements in this coal. Six types of the volcanic-influenced material (VIM-1, VIM-2, VIM-3, VIM-4, VIM-5, and VIM-6) are further distinguished on the basis of their structures and compositions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that presents a detailed classification of coal components with a high content of volcanic ash.     

Trace elements in the Goze Delchev coal deposit, Bulgaria

The geochemistry of trace elements in the underground and open-pit mine of the Goze Delchev subbituminous coal deposit have been studied. The coals in both mines are highly enriched in W, Ge and Be, and at less extent in As, Mn and Y as compared with the world-wide Clarkes for subbituminous coals. Ni and Ti are also enhanced in the underground coals, and Zr, Cr and Mo in the open-pit mine coals.Characteristic for the trace element contents in the deposit is a regular variation with depth. The following patterns were distinguished for profile I: a — the element content decreases from the bottom to the top of the bed paralleling ash distribution (Fe, Co, As, Sb, V, Y, Mo, Cs, REE, Hf, Ta, Th, P and Au); b — Ge and W are enriched in the near-bottom and near-top coals; c — in the middle part of the bed the content of K and Rb is maximal, while that of U is slightly enriched; d — Ba content decreases from the top to the bottom of the bed. In profile II, W and Be contents decrease from the bottom to the top. The near-bottom, and especially the near-roof samples of profile IV are highly enriched in Ge, while for W the highest is the content of the near-bottom sample.Ge, Be, As, Mn, Cl and Br are mainly organically associated. The organic affiliation is still strong for Co, B, Sr, Ba, Sb, U, Th, Mo, La, Ce, Sm, Tb and Yb in the underground coals, and Fe, Co, Na, W, Sr, Y and Ag in the coals from the open-pit mine. K, Rb, Ti, Zr, Hf and Ta are of dominant inorganic affinity. The chalcophile and siderophile elements correlate positively with Fe and each other and may be bound partly with pyrite or other sulphides and iron containing minerals.Compared statistically by the t-criteria, the elements Na, Li, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, Fe and Be are of higher content in the open-pit mine. Tungsten is the only element of higher concentration in the underground mine. The contents of Ge, As, Sr, V, Mn, Y, Zr and P are not statistically different in both mines.It was supposed that there were multiple sources of the trace elements in the deposit. The source of the highly enriched elements (W, Ge, Be, and As) most probably were the thermal waters in the source area. The contemporary mineral springs are of high content of these elements. Another source were the hosting Mesta volcanic rocks, which are enriched in Sb, Mo, Hf, U, Th, As, Li and Rb. Some of the volcanics were hydrothermally altered and enriched or depleted of many elements. Thus, the hydrothermal solutions were also suppliers of elements for the coals. It is obvious that the contents, distribution and paragenesis, of the trace elements in both Goze Delchev coals reflect the geochemical specialization of the source area, including rocks, paleo- and contemporary thermal waters.     

A statistical approach to the study of the distribution of trace elements and their organic/ inorganic affinity in lower Gondwana coals of India

Trace-element analyses of seventy six coal samples representing all the major Lower Gondwana coal basins of India were carried out. Eighteen trace elements, viz., B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, La, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, V, Y and Zr were determined quantitatively in coal ash. An attempt was made to correlate the coals of different coalfields on the basis of multivariate analysis. In addition, the organic/inorganic affinities between the trace elements were established by the coefficients of correlation between the trace elements and ash present. A synthesis of the data reveals that there is similarity in the concentration ranges of trace elements among the coal seams of different coalfields, but the possibility of environmental differences exists due to the statistically different multivariate means of the trace-element concentrations.It is inferred that Ge, Cr, Y and La occur in these coals as organo-metallic complexes and chelates. The elements Ni, Co, Ga, V and Cu show both organic and inorganic association, whereas Mn and Ba are exclusively incorporated in the inorganic fractions.     

Trace elements and their variation along seam profiles of certain coal seams of Middle and Upper Barakar formations (Lower Permian) in East Bokaro coalfield,district Hazaribagh,Bihar, India

Trace-element data are presented for the first time for any coal seam in India, across a full working section, based on systematically collected channel samples of coal, together with their maceral composition. The trace-element variation curves along the seam profile are presented together with group maceral compositions of Kargali Bottom, Kargali Top, Kargali, Kathara, Uchitdih, Jarangdih Bottom, Jarangdih, and Jarangdih Top seams, East Bokaro coalfield. The Kathara and Uchitdih seams have also been sampled at two other localities and lateral variation in data in their trace-element and maceral compositions is also evaluated.The East Bokaro coals have: Ba and Sr > 1000 ppm; Mn < 450 ppm; Zr < 400 ppm; Ni and V < 250 ppm; Cr < 185 ppm; La < 165 ppm; Cu, Nb, and B < 125 ppm; Pb, Co and Y < 75 ppm; Ga, Sn, Mo, In and Yb < 15 ppm; Ag 2 ppm; and Ge 7 ppm. Petrographically, the coals are dominant in vitrinite (33–97%), rare in exinite (<15%), and semifusinite (0.8–49%) is the dominant inertinite maceral, with variable mineral and shaly matter (11–30%), graphic representation of trace elements versus vitrinite, inertinite, and coal ash indicates the affinity of (a) vitrinite with Cu, Ni, Co, V, Ga and B; (b) inertinite with Nb and B; and (c) coal ash (mineral matter) with Pb, Cu, Ni, La, Mn and Y; Ba, Cr, Sr, Zr, Cu and Ni are of organic as well as inorganic origins.The trend of the variation patterns and average compositions of the different seams are shown to be distinct and different. The variation along the same profile is inferred to be different for different seams of the coalfield.Trace-element data for certain coals of seams from different coalfields in the Gondwana basins of India are presented. There is a wide difference for each of these basins with respect to certain elements. This is suggestive of the proportions of Cu, Ni, V, Y, Ba, Sr, Cr, B, Zr and Ag, characterizing the different Gondwana Basins.     

Platinum and Palladium in Coal Rock and Geochemical Anomaly in Eastern Yunnan Province,Southwest China

A series of geochemical anomalies of Pt and Pd were found in 1 358 recombined samples from a geochemical stream sediment survey in eastern Yunnan (云南) Province, China. Chemical optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and inductively coupled plasmas atomic emission spectrometry analyses of 22 elements and chemical compositions of 21 samples from coal-bearing strata from the Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic show Pt and Pd concentrated to some extent in coal rocks, with Pd/Pt相似文献