海洋公益性科研专项管理信息化建设研究与发展

文章针对海洋公益性科研专项(简称"专项")管理,根据专项管理的需求及相关管理办法的要求,结合专项管理的应用实践,阐述了专项管理信息化建设的背景和需求,设计了海洋公益性科研专项管理平台(简称"平台"),并对该平台在海洋科技项目管理中的应用前景进行了展望。     

海洋公益专项管理的实践与思考

海洋行业是2007年我国首批公益专项11个试点行业之一。文章以国家海洋局东海环境监测中心承担的3个海洋公益项目为例,归纳总结了海洋公益性行业科研经费专项项目的组织管理实施经验,以供广大科技管理者在进行公益性项目管理中参考。海洋公益专项的管理要点主要包括:公益专项应施行国家、推荐单位、项目承担单位3个层次的分级管理模式;专项管理工程流程,分为策划、立项、实施与验收4个阶段,实施全过程管理,并进行严格的质量控制;强调成果应用与转化,注重技术应用示范,示范应用经费预算与安排上要在项目预算书中予以明确;在项目验收时所需提交的材料中进一步明确专项科技管理内容。成立项目实施机构、加强实施执行过程管理是3个公益专项项目管理中获得的主要经验与教训。     

改革与创新的海洋三所

国家海洋局第三海洋研究所是一所公益性综合型海洋科学研究所。近年来,先后承担了国家攻关、国家攀登计划、国防建设专项、国家“863”计划、国家“973”计划项目、科技部基础性研究项目和公益性研究项目、国家海洋勘测专项、国家勘界办专项、国家海洋局科技专项、福建省重大科     

书讯

正《中国海洋鱼类》(上、中、下三卷)由中国海洋大学水产学院教授陈大刚和张美昭编著,为国家"十二五"重点图书出版规划项目、国家出版基金资助项目、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目。《中国海洋鱼类》是一部系统的鱼类学基础性专著和全面的分类学工具书,具有如下特点:1)种类全,《中国海洋鱼类》收入盲鳗纲、头甲纲、软骨鱼纲和硬骨鱼纲鱼类共计47目313科3200余种,收录种类数创我国     

发挥科技优势 建设海洋强省

海洋科学技术是山东科技的第一品牌。经过几代人的奋斗,山东海洋科技队伍已经形成了学科齐全、人才荟萃、设施配套的海洋科技发展体系,具备了从公益性调查研究、战略性基础研究、应用性基础研究到创新性高技术研究,从近海到远洋,从各分支学科到综合性海洋科研的能力。“九五”以来,山东省海洋科技界全面实施科技兴海战略,在“海上山东”建设中发挥了重要的引领支撑作用。     

发挥科技优势建设海洋强省山东省科学技术厅李乃胜在全国科技兴海工作会议上的交流发言

海洋科学技术是山东科技的第一品牌.经过几代人的奋斗,山东海洋科技队伍已经形成了学科齐全、人才荟萃、设施配套的海洋科技发展体系,具备了从公益性调查研究、战略性基础研究、应用性基础研究到创新性高技术研究,从近海到远洋,从各分支学科到综合性海洋科研的能力.     

2013—2019年度海洋科学技术奖计量统计及其科研合作网络分析

文章基于2013—2019年度海洋科学技术奖,运用计量统计、社会网络分析等研究方法,探究海洋科学技术奖获奖成果计量特征、学科分布、获奖机构及其科研合作关系等,直观揭示海洋科学技术奖所构成的科研合作范式、科研合作网络结构等,以期为海洋科研管理、科技创新和学科建设等提供科学参考。研究表明：整体上,海洋科学技术奖获奖成果呈逐年递增趋势,一等奖与二等奖的获奖等级比值呈下降趋势;学科划分上,获奖成果主要隶属于“海洋科学”学科,又以海洋生物学、海洋装备与设备、海洋化学和物理海洋学为主体;获奖机构方面,海洋科学技术奖已奖励包括中国海洋大学和中国科学院海洋研究所等涉海类高校和科研院所在内的各类海洋科技创新主体285家,分布在山东、浙江、广东、上海、北京、江苏等19个省（市、自治区）;科研合作方面,海洋科学技术奖获奖核心机构所构建的科研合作关系紧密,以自然资源部第二海洋研究所的中心度最高,中国海洋大学的中间中心度最高,其控制该科研合作网络中其他机构之间沟通交流的力度最大。     

粤港澳大湾区海洋科技产业合作潜力研究 ——基于AHP-OVP模型

文章从系统工程学角度,基于R&D机构数、R&D人员数、R&D经费投入总额、GDP和科研专利授权量等数据,构建AHP-OVP模型,对粤港澳大湾区海洋科技产业合作潜力进行评价。结果发现：粤港澳大湾区海洋科技合作潜力层次分明,具有“两头小,中间大”的特点,香港与湾区内任一城市合作都能实现很好的契合度,是大湾区城市群海洋科技发展增长极,广州和深圳科研基础较为优越,应在增强自身海洋科技能力的同时帮助周边城市融入粤港澳大湾区海洋科技合作网络。促进大湾区海洋科技产业合作,应建立“核心 外围”式区域产业布局,发挥政府对海洋科技产业链培育的良性引导作用,完善以海洋技术咨询、海洋技术交易、风险资本市场、人才和信息沟通等为主要内容的大湾区城市群服务网络。     

大力推进科技兴海工作长远谋划海洋科技发展任务

2008年海洋科技工作思路是:以邓小平理论、"三个代表"重要思想为指导,以党的十七大精神为统领,深入落实科学发展观,认真贯彻<国家"十一五"海洋科学和技术发展规划纲要>和2008年全国海洋厅局长会议精神,大力推进科技兴海工作,积极研究海洋科技发展战略,全面执行各项重点科研任务,长远谋划重大海洋科技专项,不断完善海洋科技创新体系,进一步增强海洋科技创新能力,为发展海洋产业、支撑海洋管理,实现海洋经济又好又快发展做好科技支撑.     

浙江省海洋科研力量及其发展

为促进浙江省海洋科技发展和海洋强省建设,文章概述浙江省海洋科研力量,分析其主要优势和存在的问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:浙江省海洋科研力量优质且充足,科研项目及其成果大量涌现,优势科研领域初步形成;浙江省海洋科研的发展主要得益于优越的资源和区位条件、蓬勃的海洋事业发展以及改革创新的海洋管理体制机制;与此同时,存在整体发展水平仍有差距,力量、学科和人才分布不均衡以及科技创新和成果转化不足的问题;未来应谋划海洋科技发展战略、促进海洋科研协同发展、完善海洋科研领域体系、优化海洋科研人才结构和推动海洋科技成果转化。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.