Time-domain numerical simulation of ocean cable structures

This paper describes the numerical features of WHOI Cable, a computer program for analyzing the statics and dynamics of oceanographic cable structures. The governing equations include the effects of geometric and material nonlinearities, bending stiffness for seamless modeling of slack cables, and a model for the interaction of cable segments with the sea floor. The program uses the generalized-α time integration algorithm, adaptive time stepping, and adaptive spatial gridding to produce accurate, stable solutions for dynamic problems. The nonlinear solver uses adaptive relaxation to improve robustness for both static and dynamic problems. The program solves surface and subsurface single-point mooring problems, multi-leg and branched array systems, and towing and drifting problems. User specified forcing can include waves, currents, wind, and ship speed.     

Dynamic Analysis of Towed and Variable Length Cable Systems

Towed cable systems are frequently used in marine measurements where the length of the towed cable varies during launch and recovery. In this paper a novel method for modeling variable length cable systems is introduced based on the finite segment formulation. The variable length of the towed cable is described by changing the length of the segment near the towing point and by increasing or decreasing the number of the discrete segments of the cable. In this way, the elastic effects of the cable can be easily handled since geometry and material properties of each segment are kept constant. Experimental results show that the dynamic behavior of the towed cable is consistent between the model and the physical cable. Results show that the model provides numerical efficiency and simulation accuracy for the variable length towed system.     

Hydrodynamic and dynamic analysis to determine the directional stability of an underwater vehicle near a free surface

A theoretical methodology to determine the open-loop directional stability of a near-surface underwater vehicle is presented. It involves a solution of coupled sway and yaw equations of motion in a manner similar to that carried out for surface ships. The stability derivatives are obtained numerically through simulation of motions corresponding to planar motion mechanism (PMM) model tests. For the numerical simulation, a boundary-integral method based on the mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is developed. The free-surface effect on the vehicle stability is determined by comparing the results with that obtained for vehicle motion in infinite fluid. The methodology was used to determine the stability of the Florida Atlantic University’s Ocean EXplorer (OEX) AUV. The presence of the free surface, through radiation damping, is found to suppress unsteady oscillations and thereby enhance the directional stability of the vehicle. With effects of free surface, forward speed, location and geometry of rudders, location of the center of gravity etc. all being significant factors affecting stability, a general conclusion cannot be drawn on their combined effect on the vehicle stability. The present computational methodology is therefore a useful tool to determine an underwater vehicle’s stability for a given configuration and thus the viability of an intended mission a priori.     

珠江口磨刀门河口动力平衡特点及人类活动对其影响

应用ECOMSED模型输出、运动方程简化等方法,研究了珠江口磨刀门河口动力平衡的特点。研究表明:在磨刀门河口动力平衡中,纵向的主要平衡项为压力项和垂向涡动摩擦项,侧向的主要平衡项为侧向正压力项和科氏力项。正压力为磨刀门河口动力的主导因素,但在枯季动力平衡中,斜压力也是不可忽略的项。人类活动对磨刀门河口动力最主要的影响是改变了正压力项的大小,近几十年来,磨刀门河口正压力呈减小的趋势。     

Maximum run-up,breaking conditions and dynamical forces in the swash zone: a boundary value approach

On the basis of the approximate analytical solution for the nonlinear shallow water equations of Antuono and Brocchini [M. Antuono & M. Brocchini, The boundary value problem for the nonlinear shallow water equation, Stud. Appl. Maths, 119, 71–91 (2007).], we propose useful regression curves for the prediction of maximum run-up and dynamical forces in the swash zone on a frictionless, uniformly sloping beach. For the first time the dependence of the results on both the wave height and the wave steepness is analyzed in detail providing formulae able to describe a wide class of wave inputs. Finally, the regression formulae are validated through comparison with maximum run-up laws and breaking conditions already available in the literature, the present model results appearing to better account for nonlinear effects.     

西湖凹陷中南部油气成藏动力学特征及成藏机理

西湖凹陷以始新世末的玉泉运动和中新世末的龙井运动形成的不整合面为界,将盆地的发展演化分为裂陷、坳陷和区域沉降三个阶段。在盆地演化的不同阶段,不同构造带的沉降速率存在差异,烃源岩的热成熟演化史也不一致。生、排烃史模拟表明：平湖组烃源岩的生烃强度最高,花港组烃源岩的生烃强度相对较小;中央背斜带及其两侧深凹部位烃源岩的生烃强度大于保斜坡带;主要应用Basin Mod盆地模拟软件系统,通过对流体势、温压系统、异常压力的分析,探讨西湖凹陷中南部油气运聚成藏的机理。     

莱州湾南岸海水入侵类型及其分区

渤海莱州湾南岸，是我国海水入侵灾害最严重的岸段。依据入侵物源可将广义海水入侵划分为两种基本类型：来源于现代海水的狭义海水入侵和物源于浅层第四纪沉积层中古海水（包括一般地下咸水及地下卤水）的地下咸水入侵。它们的成因、机理和危害差异明显；地下卤水入侵是一种特殊类型，造灾程度最高。海岸地貌和第四纪水文地质环境，是控制海水入侵类型区划的主导因素。莱州湾南岸不同岸段海岸环境差异，形成了海水入侵区、地下咸水入侵区和海、咸水混合入侵区３种类型区，可具体区划为：莱州市北部海岸海水入侵区，胶莱河－沙河河口平源海、咸水混合入侵区，昌邑北部潍河河口平原海、咸水混合入侵区，寿光北部平原地下咸水入侵区等４个区。类型区划分将有助于海水入侵灾害防治工程。     

南大洋环流动力学研究动态

本文基于南大洋环流研究最新资料，从资料来源、动力模式以及有待解决的问题几个方面较详细地阐述南大洋环流动力学研究动态。     

九龙江河口湾泥沙运移特点与沉积动力机制

本文研究了九龙江河口湾的泥沙动物特点与沉积动力机制。结果表明：（１）泥沙主要来地河流输沙和潮流输沙;潮流输沙星明显大于河流输沙星;涨潮输沙星通常大于落潮输沙量;潮流输沙在枯水期尤为显著,而河流输沙则集中在洪水期。（２）底沙推移运动主要发生在水道床面,系局部冲刷所致;推移质输沙表现为沙洲推移,沙嘴延伸或水下沙体游移,研究发现,在涨潮流占优势的鸡屿北水道有反向,推移质输输沙的迹象。（３）自６０年代以来     

2004-2015年夏季渤海湾生态监控区网采浮游植物变化研究

基于2004-2015年12年的夏季渤海湾生态监控区浮游植物网样数据,开展浮游植物群落及96种定种的多年变化研究。结果表明:12年共鉴定出5门120种,硅藻占绝对优势,甲藻次之,赤潮生物种类占定种的59%;各年份物种数变化范围为23~61种,年平均细胞丰度范围为（7~87 731）×104个/m3,物种多样性指数范围为1.13~3.04,丰富度指数范围0.36~1.12,均匀度指数范围0.31~0.72;12年中生物种类数、细胞丰度总体呈上升趋势,多样性指数、丰富度指数在波动中呈上升趋势,均匀度指数呈略有下降趋势;样品中几乎每年都出现的物种有10种,只检出1年的物种有23种;站位检出率不小于50%的物种只有4种,小于0.01%的有57种;星脐圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus asteromphalus）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、格氏圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus granii）、叉角藻（Ceratium furca）和旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）为该区域的优势种;近5年细胞丰度水平普遍比2010年前高,格氏圆筛藻（C.granii）、中肋骨条藻（S.costatum）、夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）等10种常见种密度呈增长趋势,较常见种长菱形藻（Nitzschia longissima）、星脐圆筛藻（C.asteromphalus）和北方角毛藻（Chaetoceros borealis）多年呈下降趋势。本研究有助于掌握该区域浮游植物物种的本底情况及演变趋势。     

海洋生态系统动力学研究的相关网上资源

分４部分介绍互联网上与海洋生态系统动力学研究有关的信息资源、主要网址及其主要内容：（１）海洋生态系统模拟研究;（２）海洋科学研究组织和国际研究计划;（３）网上新闻讨论组;（４）海洋生态杂志。     

茅家港滩面沉积物粒度变化及其与水动力的关系

根据野外观测的原始资料，绘出粒度的分布图和不同位置的剖面图，客观地分析了茅家港滩面沉积物粒度空间分布、季节变化、粒度变化与水动力的关系，研究发现：随着离岸向海距离的增加，中值粒径逐渐变小，粒径逐渐变粗。突堤内的中值粒径比突堤外的细。冬季的中值粒径比夏季的粗。随着离岸距离的增加，水动力逐渐增强，导致滩面沉积物的粒径逐渐变粗；突堤内的水动力比突堤外的水动力弱，致使突堤内滩面沉积物的中值粒径比坝外的细：冬季的水动力比夏季的水动力强，致使冬季滩面沉积物中值粒径比夏季粗。     

厦门和东山外来物种沙筛贝的种群动态和结构

１９９０年首次在中国大陆沿岸厦门马銮湾和东山八尺门海堤西侧,发 现外来物种沙筛贝（Ｍｙｔｉｌｏｐｓｉｓ ｓａｌｌｅｉ）。通过挂放试板和定点取样,研究其种群动态和 结构,包括水平分布、垂直分布和季节分布,以及壳长的组成。     

黄河、长江和钱塘江水样不同级分滤液与铅吸附络合反应动力学的初步研究

采用过滤和切向超滤将黄河、长江和钱塘江水样分成＜ １ ．０μｍ ,＜ ０ ．４μｍ ,＜ ５０００Ｄａｌｔｏｎ （ 相当于１ ．５ｍｍ 孔径） 三个级分,分别对三个级分滤液与铅进行吸附络合反应的动力学进行了初步研究。黄河水样＜ １．５ｎｍ 超滤液与铅吸附络合反应呈快反应,＜ ０．４μｍ 和＜ １ ．０μｍ 的各级过滤液呈慢反应;长江和钱塘江水样各级滤液均呈慢反应。长江和钱塘江水样与铅反应存在络合竞争,反应速率取决于竞争离子络合物的解离速率;黄河水样则没有络合竞争。黄河水样＜ ０ ．４μｍ 和＜ １ ．０μｍ 的滤液与铅的络合反应速率由铅与胶体之间的反应决定,反应速率由液膜扩散控制。     

银纳米杆高温熔化断裂弛豫性能的原子级模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了不同长度银纳米杆在不同温度弛豫过程中的结构演变过程.结果表明:银纳米杆存在一与杆长相关的临界熔断温度,该临界熔断温度随杆长增加而显著降低.当温度大于熔点而小于临界熔断温度时,体系形成一个高度无序的球形团簇,而温度大于临界熔断温度时,体系则熔断成两个球形团簇.并给出了银纳米杆的产生该熔断现象的机理.     

红树林潮滩沉积动力研究进展与展望

红树林是全球极为重要的生态与环境资源, 在储存有机碳、增加滩面高程及防御海洋灾害等方面富有成效。然而, 因高强度人类活动与海面上升作用, 世界沿海红树林潮滩出现大规模损失。基于此, 本文从红树林消能及泥沙捕集、红树林潮滩生物地貌行为, 以及红树林潮滩对风暴潮与海面上升的响应三个方面, 对红树林潮滩沉积动力研究进行分析与回顾, 提出红树林潮滩沉积动力研究的关键问题应着重于红树林潮滩波流联合动力的衰减与潮滩动力、沉积、地貌及植被的耦合过程。此外, 针对全球沿海红树林生境的差异, 还应从区域尺度加强红树林潮滩沉积过程与驱动机制的研究。     

人工调控微结构压电驻极体的热稳定性和电荷动态特性

利用表面带有周期性结构的硬质模板,通过冷压工艺将周期结构图案复制到多孔聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜表面,再经过热黏合工艺与致密氟化乙丙烯共聚物(FEP)薄膜复合,制备出了高度有序的微孔结构复合膜,并用电晕充电的方法对复合膜进行极化处理,最终获得氟聚合物复合膜压电驻极体.借助对这类复合膜压电驻极体介电谐振谱的测量,得到了材料的杨氏模量.并利用等温热老化工艺对它们的压电系数d33的热稳定性进行了考察.最后通过短路热刺激放电谱的测量和分析,讨论了该复合膜在热老化处理后的电荷动态     

Dynamics and control of towed underwater vehicle system, part II: model validation and turn maneuver optimization

This paper presents a validation of a three-dimensional dynamics model of a towed underwater vehicle system and discusses an application of the model to improve the performance of the system during a turn maneuver. The model was validated by comparing its results to experimental sea trial data, as well as to results from another independently developed simulation. The dynamics model was then imbedded in an optimization routine. This routine was used to vary turn radii in order to improve the U-turn performance. Significant improvements were obtained relative to a standard semicircular turn geometry.     

水下滑翔器的运动建模与分析

介绍了水下滑翔器的工作机理，对其沉浮阶段的滑翔过程进行了动力学分析，推导了滑翔器在垂直剖面上的动力学方程。论文深入分析了水下滑翔器稳态时的运动规律，以水下滑翔器试验模型为例，推导了其稳态运动参数，通过线性化与适当的简化，得到模型在垂直剖面上的运动状态方程，讨论了系统的可控性与可观测性，为水下滑翔器系统的开发设计和控制提供了理论依据，具有重要的指导意义。