主成分分析模型及在变形监测中的应用

随机误差和多径效应作为GPS变形监测中的主要误差源,严重影响着GPS测量精度。针对这一问题,本文将主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)模型引入GPS变形监测领域,首先利用传统PCA方法将测量数据转换至特征空间,通过剔除小特征值对应的特征向量实现对高斯分布随机噪声的抑制,然后将多径噪声作为色噪声进行分析,提出一种广义PCA方法利用多径噪声的时间相关性对其进行滤除,基于实际工程测试数据的实验结果表明,相对于传统的小波噪声抑制方法,所提方法可以获得更好的噪声抑制性能。     

遥感植被指数对多时相AVHRR数据主成分分析的影响

对中国全年36个旬NOAA－AVHRR的1km覆盖数据进行两步处理：分别采用比值植被指数RVI、归一化植被指数NDVI、土壤调整植被指数SAVI和修改型土壤调整植被指数MSAVI最大值合成方法从每3旬数据合成每月数据；对每一种处理后的原始数据计算四种植被指数，并对这16种数据进行了主成分变换，分析不同处理方式对主分量积累方差和各主分量所分映生物学规律的影响。     

主成分分析模型在数据处理中的应用

主成分分析模型是一种将原始多个指标转化为少数几个相互独立的包含原始指标绝大部分信息的综合指标的统计学方法.利用MATLAB软件探索了利用主成分分析模型对专题数据进行处理的方法,并利用科学可视化方法对处理结果进行分析评价.实验表明,主成分分析模型能够有效简化原始变量,挖掘原始数据中的隐藏信息.     

主成分分析模型在数据处理中的应用

主成分分析模型是一种将原始多个指标转化为少数几个相互独立的包含原始指标绝大部分信息的综合指标的统计学方法。利用MATLAB软件探索了利用主成分分析模型对专题数据进行处理的方法,并利用科学可视化方法对处理结果进行分析评价。实验表明,主成分分析模型能够有效简化原始变量,挖掘原始数据中的隐藏信息。     

多重主成分分析及在地质构造信息提取中的应用

提出一种多重主成分分析方法 ,是对原始遥感数据经过图像变换或运算处理后 ,再有针对性地对专题信息进行二次乃至多次提取的图像处理方法 ,同时也是对多种不同类型 ,不同分辨率的遥感图像进行综合处理的尝试。应用于柴达木盆地西部山区提取地质构造信息获得显著效果。图像上新发现了一个鼻状圈闭及一组连接上、下两个断裂带的弧形纹理。     

主成分分析在GPS水准数据处理中的应用

在GPS水准二次曲面拟合过程中,由于系数阵具有很强的复共线性,使法方程严重病态,在求逆过程中产生过大的扰动误差。为了减小误差影响,本文将主成分分析法运用到了法方程解算中,并通过内符合精度和外符合精度说明该方法的有效性。     

基于主成分分析的农作物空间分布信息提取

针对遥感农作物分类精度低、作物区分不明显的特点,本文提出了一种基于主成分分析的农作物空间分布信息提取方法.通过主成分分析,增强影像的光谱特征,提高样本的可分离性和影像分类精度,满足农作空间分布识别要求.最后以GF-1卫星影像为研究对象进行试验,结果表明,本文提出的方法分类精度可达95％以上,实验结果符合实际情况.     

基于主成分分析的赣江流域水资源承载力评价

沿海的产业梯度的转移,带来了赣江流域产业的迅速崛起,同时水资源问题也日显突出。水资源承载力评价是实现水资源可持续发展的重要手段,本文以主成分分析法为基础,在赣江流域内按上、中、下流域段分别选取赣州市、吉安市和南昌市3个主要城市作为水资源承载力评价对象,得出赣江流域上中游的水资源承载力明显高于下游,上中游的水资源开发潜力还很大,而下游的水资源利用应在可持续发展的原则下采取保护措施。     

基于主成分分析的植被含水率模型

为了对岷江上游“生态水”的估测提供有效的数据源和方法,利用高光谱遥感技术定量研究了植被反射光谱与植被含水率的关系,测定了研究区多个采样点棕榈叶片的反射光谱和对应的含水率,通过二者的相关分析和逐步回归的方法提取敏感波段;为避免敏感波段之间相关性影响,采用主成分分析法提取主成分,建立主成分与含水率的定量分析模型,并建立主成分与标准自变量的回归方程,然后建立各个标准变量与原始自变量(反射光谱敏感波段)的回归方程,最终转换为植被含水率与反射光谱之间的模型.结果表明:棕榈叶片反射光谱在454 nm,668 nm,1 466 nm,1 664 nm和1 924 nm波段处与含水率显著相关;采用主成分定量分析模型的估算值与实测值相关系数为0.92,均方根误差为0.06.     

基于小波叠加的主成分变换遥感数据融合方法的研究

主成分变换(KL)是一种经典的遥感数据融合技术，本文在主成分变换的基础上将小波变换与KL变换结合起来，与原来的KL和IHS方法相比，本文方法进一步提高了融合信息的质量。     

Suitability mapping for rice cultivation in Benue State,Nigeria using satellite data

ABSTRACT

With rising population, decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts, the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State, a largely agrarian and small-holder setting. This study attempts a local-level support for the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goal Number 2 (“end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture”) by 2030. Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method, remote sensing data from Climate Research Unit (CRU) and in-situ data from Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) were analyzed by GIS techniques to map the suitability of rice cultivation in the study area, with the integration of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land cover, slope, temperature, precipitation and soil parameters (cation exchange capacity, pH, bulk density, organic carbon). We apply the various statistical parameters that include mean spatial NDVI; correlation coefficient, standard deviation and Root Mean Square (RMS) between CRU and NIMET data. Spatial regression trend analysis is conducted between CRU precipitation and NDVI and between CRU temperature and NDVI from 1985 to 2015. The results reveal that NDVI in highly suitable rice planting regions is higher than marginally suitable regions except in the months of October and November, which shows that the highly suitable regions will yield better than the marginally suitable regions during the dry season. Additionally, NDVI is seasonally bimodal in response to precipitation, meaning that vegetation vigor is more dependent on precipitation than temperature. Finally, the correlation coefficient, standard deviation and RMS between CRU and NIMET precipitation data shows 0.42, 108, and 110, respectively, while these three factors between CRU and NIMET temperature data shows 0.88, 1.60, and 0.86, respectively. In conclusion, the MCDM approach reveals that upland is more suitable for rice cultivation in Benue State when comparing with the area provided by the Global Land Cover and National Mappings Organization (GLCNMO) data.     

Automatic estimation of olive tree dendrometric parameters based on airborne laser scanning data using alpha-shape and principal component analysis

The aim of this study is to present an automatic approach for olive tree dendrometric parameter estimation from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The proposed method is based on a unique combination of the alpha-shape algorithm applied to normalized point cloud and principal component analysis. A key issue of the alpha-shape algorithm is to define the α parameter, as it directly affects the crown delineation results. We propose to adjust this parameter based on a group of representative trees in an orchard for which the classical field measurements were performed. The best value of the α parameter is one whose correlation coefficient of dendrometric parameters between field measurements and estimated values is the highest. We determined crown diameters as principal components of ALS points representing a delineated crown. The method was applied to a test area of an olive orchard in Spain. The tree dendrometric parameters estimated from ALS data were compared with field measurements to assess the quality of the developed approach. We found the method to be equally good or even superior to previously investigated semi-automatic methods. The average error is 19% for tree height, 53% for crown base height, and 13% and 9% for the length of the longer diameter and perpendicular diameter, respectively.     

时间序列分析及其在测绘领域的应用初探

时间序列分析是通过对研究对象随时间变化的过程来反映其变化规律并进行预测和分析。目前时间序列分析在统计、金融、贸易等学科领域应用较多,但在测绘领域的应用才刚刚开始。本文对时间序列的基本概念、常用建模方法等进行了概要总结和描述,并通过一个SPSS(Statistical Productand Service Solution,统计产品和服务解决方案)实例的分析,显示时序分析模型的应用过程,对时间序列分析在测绘领域的应用潜力进行了初步探索,为今后的深入研究积累了一定的经验。     

Evaluation of ICA and CEM algorithms with Landsat-8/ASTER data for geological mapping in inaccessible regions

Many regions remain poorly studied in terms of geological mapping and mineral exploration in inaccessible regions especially in the Arctic and Antarctica due to harsh conditions and logistic difficulties. Application of specialized image processing techniques is capable of revealing the hidden linear mixing spectra in multispectral and hyperspectral satellite images. In this study, the applications of Independent component analysis (ICA) and Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) algorithms were evaluated for Landsat-8 and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) remote sensing data for geological mapping in Morozumi Range and Helliwell Hills areas, Northern Victoria Land (NVL), Antarctica. The results of this investigation demonstrate the capability of the two algorithms in distinguishing pixel and subpixel targets in the multispectral satellite data. The application of the methods for identifying poorly exposed geologic materials and subpixel exposures of alteration minerals has invaluable implications for geological mapping and mineral exploration in inaccessible regions.     

Surface deformation caused by April 6th 2009 earthquake in L’Aquila (Italy): A comparative analysis from ENVISAT ASAR,ALOS PALSAR and ASTER

Surface deformations in L’Aquila (centre of Italy) caused by the April 6th, 2009 earthquake were studied from space geodesy and remote sensing points of view using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) and Sub-pixel Correlation Technique (SCT). InSAR was used to measure ground surface deformation in the satellite line of sight (LOS) direction and the deformation was determined using two separate interferometric pairs of ENVISAT ASAR and ALOS PALSAR data sets. Furthermore, SCT was employed to investigate the horizontal displacements in the area. Two separate pairs of ENVISAT ASAR and ASTER optical image data sets were employed, and horizontal displacements in Range/Azimuth and in west–east/south–north directions were investigated, respectively.     

Analyzing multi-year rice-fallow dynamics in Odisha using multi-temporal Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-1 Data

ABSTRACT

Sustainable intensification of existing cropland is one of the most viable options for meeting the escalating food demands of the ever-increasing population in the world. Accurate geospatial data about the potential single-crop (rice-fallows) areas is vital for policymakers to target the agro-technologies for enhancing crop productivity and intensification. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate and understand the dynamics of rice-fallows in the Odisha state of India, using SAR (Sentinel-1) and Optical (Landsat OLI) datasets. This study utilized a decision-tree approach and Principal component analysis (PCA) for the segmentation and separation of different vegetation classes. The estimated overall accuracy of extracted rice-fallow maps was in the range of 84 to 85 percent. The study identified about 2.2, 2.0 and 2.1mha of Rice-Fallows in the years 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, respectively. The combined analysis (all three years) of rice-fallow maps identified about 1.34mha of permanent rice-fallows, whereas the remaining 0.6–0.8mha area was under the current-fallow category. About 50% of the total permanent rice-fallows were detected in the rainfed areas of Mayurbhanj, Bhadrak, Bolangir, Sundargarh, Keonjhar, Baleswar, Nawarangpur and Bargarh districts. The study also illustrated the time-series profiles of SMAP (soil moisture) datasets for the ten agroclimatic zones of the Odisha, which can be utilized (along with rice-fallow maps) for the selection of crop and cultivars (e.g. short or medium duration pulses or oilseeds) to target the rice fallows. The approach utilized in the current study can be scaled up in similar areas of South and South-east Asia and Africa to identify single-crop areas for targeting improved technologies for enhanced crop productivity and intensification.     

Big Earth data: disruptive changes in Earth observation data management and analysis?

ABSTRACT

Turning Earth observation (EO) data consistently and systematically into valuable global information layers is an ongoing challenge for the EO community. Recently, the term ‘big Earth data’ emerged to describe massive EO datasets that confronts analysts and their traditional workflows with a range of challenges. We argue that the altered circumstances must be actively intercepted by an evolution of EO to revolutionise their application in various domains. The disruptive element is that analysts and end-users increasingly rely on Web-based workflows. In this contribution we study selected systems and portals, put them in the context of challenges and opportunities and highlight selected shortcomings and possible future developments that we consider relevant for the imminent uptake of big Earth data.     

一种小波包混合滤波方法及其应用

针对经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition,EMD）方法存在信噪分离不准确的缺陷,以及独立分量分析（independent component analysis,ICA）存在不确定性的问题,提出了一种改进完备集成经验模态分解（improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition, ICEEMD）、ICA与最小失真准则（minimal distortion principle,MDP）相结合进行变形数据去噪的方法。首先,使用ICEEMD方法对变形监测数据进行有效分解,并以此构建虚拟噪声信号;其次,对虚拟噪声进行二次ICEEMD分解,提取更接近真实噪声的二次虚拟噪声信号,再以二次虚拟噪声和原变形数据组成输入观测通道,使用ICA进行处理;然后,通过计算ICA处理后的独立分量与输入信号的相关系数,解决独立分量的排序不确定性与相位不确定性问题;最后,使用MDP准则有效解决了独立分量的幅值不确定性。对加噪仿真数据和实际桥梁GNSS变形监测数据进行详细分析,结果表明,所提方法可取得良好的去噪效果,有效提升去噪的性能指标,充分验证了所提方法在变形监测数据去噪中具备的可行性和有效性。     

GPS及InSAR数据支持下的甘肃黑方台滑坡监测云平台设计与分析

通过对主流云计算平台技术的深入研究和思考,针对滑坡灾害监测数据量大、数据类型多这一特点,设计了基于GPS及InSAR数据的滑坡监测云平台;并以甘肃黑方台滑坡为例,使用ArcGIS对该滑坡进行了风险评估和分析。Hadoop技术的应用明显提高了滑坡监测中海量数据存储和处理的效率,为云计算技术在灾害监测方面的进一步应用进行了有益的探索。