DEA及MDEA在山东省渔港评价体系中的应用及比较

运用DEA及MDEA模型计算山东省10处渔港的资源利用效率值,结果表明,山东省渔港的资源利用效率存在较大差异,所选10处渔港中,威海龙须岛渔港效率值最高,东营中心渔港效率值最低;MDEA模型相比DEA模型,能对效率评价值达到1的决策单元进行更加充分的评价和排序。     

惠州西湖水环境信息管理系统的建立与应用

分析了水环境信息管理的研究现状和不足,在前人研究的基础上,以软件工程原理和系统工程分析法为指导,进行系统的分析、设计和系统体系结构的介绍。阐述了系统的各功能模块的实现,重点介绍了专题地图和富营养化综合评价模块的实现及其在实际水环境监测和决策中的应用。该研究的总结为:系统基于SuperMap Object组件技术、数据技术和数据挖掘技术,以Visual Basic为平台集成专业模型与GIS于一体,实现了模型辅助水环境的评价和决策,并以直观的图形界面显示,是一种有益尝试。     

知识不确定条件下的海外保障基地自然风险情景模拟评估

针对海外保障基地面临的自然风险,在风险辨识基础上,构建了风险评价指标体系和海外保障基地自然风险的贝叶斯网络评估模型,并进行了情景模拟下的量化实验评估。针对目前贝叶斯网络评估过程中的群决策和决策偏好问题,引入了犹豫层次分析思想来优化计算指标风险隶属度,改进了评估过程中的客观性和适用性。     

世界主要海洋强国综合实力测评研究

文章在回顾世界海洋强国发展历程和分析现阶段发展特点的基础上,构建国家层面的海洋综合实力评价指标体系,并结合层次分析法和加权积决策理论建立了综合实力测评模型。通过选取世界上8个有代表意义的海洋强国,结合其海洋综合实力的现状分析,利用测评模型对其进行测评排序,为我国"海洋强国"战略的科学规划提供参考。     

中国海洋大气沉降监测与评价工作回顾与展望

海洋大气污染物沉降是海洋环境监测评价体系的重要内容之一,对于研究污染物迁移和制定相关的控制对策具有重要意义。文章回顾了我国海洋大气监测与评价领域10多年的发展情况,结合国际上的先进经验,对存在的问题进行较深入的分析,在此基础上提出了构建现场监测与模型结合的海洋大气监测与评价工作体系建议,包括几个需要重点解决的关键性问题和未来发展方向。     

基于证据理论框架的分布式态势估计模型研究

作战环境信息作为一类重要的信息,在战场指挥决策中发挥着越来越重要的作用。 根据态势估计理论研究需要,对态势感知层中态势要素的提取进行了分析;在此基础上,应用证据理论和贝叶斯估计方法,构建了单检测站时域融合模型、多检测站空域融合模型。 为发挥作战环境在决策中的信息价值,构建了受环境制约下的时空融合模型;最后就该问题的下一步研究方向进行了展望。     

有序多分类离散选择模型的信用评级与风险预警研究——以国内20家上市企业为例

信用风险评估模型的选择直接影响着对上市企业信用等级的评估。本文在建立上市企业信用等级评估指标体系的基础上,采用语言信息处理技术,通过因子分析法提取上市企业信用等级评估的潜在变量,建立有序多分类离散选择模型,给出了信用等级判别分析计算步骤,并以中国境内20家上市企业为例进行了实证分析。以上设计运用定量和定性指标分析相结合的方式,有效地将语言评价信息进行集结和利用,解决了上市企业中风险级别可以排序、定性的问题。可促进上市企业信用评级制度的完善,实现对上市企业信用规范管理的目标,从而建立健全全社会信用评价体系。     

基于熵最大化的富营养化二级模糊评价模型——以长江口及邻近海域富营养化评价为例

为进一步丰富符合中国国情的多参数水质富营养化综合评价方法体系,本文在确立富营养化评价指标体系的基础上,通过对不同富营养化模糊判别方法的比较,从富营养化症状和近海生态系统的响应角度出发,确定并建立了"致害因素-效应"框架下的基于熵最大化原理的二级模糊评判方法。不同评价方法对中国典型河口——长江口及邻近海域富营养化程度的评价结果显示,基于熵最大化原理的二级模糊评价模型所得结果最符合以逼近理想解排序所得的合理营养等级,并且在对各种方法所得评价结果进行理想解的接近度以及广义距离排序时,基于熵最大化的二级评价模型均排在较前的位置,可知该模型的评价结果最接近研究海域水环境系统各指标的实际情况,具有一定的可行性。     

海岸带生态地质环境脆弱性评价指标体系研究

海岸带环境是一种不可再生资源,为了对其进行保护性开发,对海岸带生态地质环境的脆弱性进行综合评价,并在此基础上做出合理的开发决策是非常重要的。通过对可能危害海岸带环境的压力因素进行了综合分析,提出可以描述和表征环境变化的相关参数,建立了一套具有一定普适意义的可用于海岸带生态地质环境评价的指标体系。     

海洋生态系统健康评价研究进展

海洋生态系统健康属于一个新的领域,目前尚没有十分明确的定义。并且国内外对此的研究并没有形成成熟的体系。在参阅了国内外大量文献的基础上,以海洋生态系统的特点为依据,综述了海洋生态系统健康评价的方法、指标筛选原则和研究思路等,系统地列出了海洋生态系统健康评价的一些相关量化指标,便于建立评价模型时参考。最后对海洋生态系统健康评价的存在问题以及未来发展趋势进行了探讨。     

Capacity and economic efficiency in small-scale fisheries: Evidence from the Mediterranean Sea

To design an effective capacity management plan for small-scale fisheries one must understand what one is measuring and define its capacity. As recognized by some authors, overcapacity is a problem that generally affects small-scale fisheries just as much as it does other types of fishing. This study aims to estimate fishing capacity, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and capacity utilization in a particular small-scale fishery in the Mediterranean, i.e., the Northwest Sardinian fleet in Italy. A non-parametric approach using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was applied to a sample of trawls in order to estimate their economic capacity, and related measurements were taken. The capacity and efficiency with reference to two different alternative scenarios were also calculated.     

Finding a balance between economic performance and capacity efficiency for sustainable fisheries: Case of the Da Nang gillnet fishery,Vietnam

Marine capture fisheries in Vietnam are small-scale, multi-species, multi-gear, and open access regime. Under numerous governmental promotion programs, Vietnamese fishing fleets have expanded at an uncontrollable rate. This research analyzes the economic performance and capacity efficiency of the Da Nang gillnet fishery. Data were obtained from 45 gillnetters in Da Nang using questionnaires, which were administered between April and July of 2011. The results showed that large-scale vessels (engine power≥90 hp) had better economic performance than small-scale vessels (engine power<90 hp) with average gross revenue flows of 1346.7 and 750.7 million VND, respectively. The large-scale vessels further actualized positive profits (15% gross revenue), while the small-scale vessels demonstrated negative results (−0.4% gross revenue). The main operating costs of fuel and labor accounted for 44% and 26%, respectively, of the total operating expenses. However, the results of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) showed that the Da Nang gillnet fishery did not operate at full capacity and that the unused capacity and the technical inefficiency rates were approximately 21.2% and 10.8%, respectively. The over-use of fuel, net sheets, and number of days at sea in the large-scale vessels were 7%, 10%, and 3%, respectively, while these ratios in the small-scale vessels were 7%, 3%, and 7%, respectively. Overcapacity may be separated into two parts, one part resulting from the optimal technical use of inputs and a second part resulting from enhancing the current policies. As such, feasible policies may include implementing the buyback of small and unprofitable vessels, and reviewing subsidy programs.     

基于GIS数据仓库的激光单分子海洋油气化探数据可视化处理

采用基于地理信息系统(GIS)的数据仓库技术,以激光单分子海洋油气化探数据处理与评价作为数据仓库主题,实现了激光单分子海洋油气化探数据的可视化处理。将可视化处理分为4个步骤:数据预处理、异常背景分析、异常分析、异常综合评价;使用MAPX、DELPHI等软件研制开发了相应的可视化软件模块。通过对渤海湾盆地某测区实测的甲苯化探数据的处理,验证了所开发技术的实用性。     

双通道实时数据采集处理系统的设计与实现

本文提出了一种基于 TMS32 0 C31串行接口的双通道实时数据采集处理系统的设计与实现方案 ,该设计以 TMS32 0 C31和 TL C32 0 AD5 0 C为核心器件 ,具有两个独立的 A/D,D/A通道 ,能够实现 32位浮点计算和 16位数据采集与回放。应用该系统进行归一化最小均方误差 (Normal-ized L east Mean Square,NLMS)算法实时自适应噪声抵消实验 ,实验结果表明 ,该系统能够实现实时的自适应噪声抵消 ,可广泛应用于实时语音信号处理等领域。     

Determining policy-efficient management strategies in fisheries using data envelopment analysis (DEA)

In this paper, the authors analyze a wide range of recreational management strategies for their impacts on red snapper yield, economic surplus and the fish stock. Simulating a wide range of policies, the authors find Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) inspired policy efficiency frontiers that lead to finding those management strategies that offer the greatest level of economic surplus for any biological target, looking at both the east and west Gulf of Mexico fisheries. Red snapper has been declared overfished since 1988 and the 2005 SEDAR 7 stock assessment declared red snapper were overfished and undergoing overfishing. In November 2009, the update of the assessment declared that overfishing was no longer occurring but that the red snapper stocks needed to be rebuilt. In this analysis, it was found that red snapper are neither overfished or undergoing overfishing. The main difference between the present model and the SEDAR 7 model is that the latest model uses a higher mortality rate for juveniles and a density dependent model. The authors also suggest that the east and west should be managed as separate units.     

Measures of the Fishing Capacity of Chinese Marine Fleets and Discussion of the Methods

The peak-to-peak (PTP) and data envelopment analyses (DEA) methods were used in a quantitative study of the marine fishing capacity in China. The results showed that: the better input index in the PTP methodology is total power rather than number of ships when measuring the Chinese marine fishing capacity. urther analyses made it clearer that the excess of marine fishing capacity in China is primarily an excess of total power of fishing ships. This paper then suggests that the number of ships should be reduced by 35.2 percent, the gross tonnage should be reduced by 29.8 percent and the total power by 37.3 percent in China, if the current marine catch stays at the 1999 base line level. The discussion proposes the idea of supplement peak year. We also discovered that the PTP methodology is suitable for market economics and is better as a longitudinal analysis in time arrays, but the DEA approach is useful for the transverse comparison of fishing capacity in a given time period. The analyses also showed that the capacity, which has been based on the practical catch, is commonly underestimated. Therefore the fishing capacity reduction required in practice is generally larger than the value given by calculation.     

基于GIS的海面-地面系统变化影响评价模型研究

海面-地面系统变化影响评价模型是建立在对区域性海面-地面升降运动及其相应的海陆关系演变过程进行数值模拟、虚拟试验及动态监测、预测基础之上的一种未来海面上升影响预估模型,它为抵御未来海面上升对沿海低平区域的潜在威胁,提供可供决策参考的定量化的空间和属性信息。与以往的海面上升影响预估方法相比,设计的模型在GIS软件平台上进行开发,采用菜单式用户界面,可以就预估的海面-地面系统变化所导致的综合影响进行快速的动态评价,并且在评价中考虑了不同土地利用状况的差异性以及经济产值的时空分布差异性。用该模型对太湖流域地区进行了模拟试验,取得了较好的效果。     

我国海岸带资源价值评估的理论与方法

海岸带资源价值评估是引入市场机制、为建立资源有偿使用制度、实现海岸带资源优化配置的必要环节。回顾与总结了我国近20年来海岸带资源价值评估从资源价值观、资产化概念、资源类型划分、评估方法、资产化管理试点等方面的研究，认为我国对海岸带资源价值的理论研究比较成熟，评估方法涉及了矿产资源、渔业资源、空间资源、海涂和浅海资源、港址资源、滨海旅游资源和海岸带生态价值等核算模式；提出了海岸带资源价值评估在今后一段时期研究的重点是：在区域宏观分析的基础上，期望在资源评估因素的选择、评估单元的划分、评估指数和级别标准的确定、基准价包括经济系数的测算有评估结果验证等取得新的进展，并以典型实例为依托，在成果应用上纳入国家海域使用管理体系。     

GPS接收机与PC机间串口通信的实现

简要介绍了当前流行的几种串口通信程序开发模式以及GPS接收机广泛采用的NMEA0183通信协议，设计了串口通信类CSerialPortGPS，该类能够实现GPS接收机与Pc机问的串口通信，并且能够对遵循NMEA0183协议的GPS数据进行数据校验和数据提取，并成功地将该类应用到了车载定位导航系统的开发中。