用新的解谱软件及X射线荧光光谱法分析硫的化学态

根据离散傅立叶变换与褶积定理,开发了快速傅立叶变换自消褶积解谱软件,有９种窗函数可供选择。结合图形软件,并通过模拟谱和实验谱的叠加、二分法的运用等,实现了自动搜寻谱峰和参数的新算法,并将其应用于Ｘ射线荧光光谱分析硫的化学态的研究中,给出了模拟谱自消褶积解谱结果,不同化学态硫的混合物实测谱与解谱结果比较图。     

一个微分差分方程的N-孤子解及动力分析

非线性薛定谔方程具有深刻的应用背景,特别是近年来在金融数学领域出现了连续、离散、耦合和向量非线性薛定谔方程。研究这类方程的解可以对实际问题模型进行定量分析和预测。非线性薛定谔方程可视为Ablowitz-Kaup-NewellSegu（AKNS）谱问题的相容性条件,离散非线性薛定谔方程可视为离散Ablowitz-Ladik谱问题的相容性条件。本文给出联系于离散Ablowitz-Ladik谱问题的一个微分差分方程及其Lax对,通过Hirota方法找到N-孤子解,分析单孤子运动和双孤子相互作用的动力特征.     

取值于完备局部凸拓朴向量空间的函数的一种新的积分

利用Ｓｃｈａｅｆｅｒ（１９７１）第二章中的定理５．４，在完备局部凸拓朴向量空间中定义了一种比Ｅｇｇｌｅ（１９８０，１９８２）所定义的更广泛的积分，从而把对取值于完备局部凸空间的函数的可积性的研究转化成对一族Ｂ值函数的可积性的研究．     

相对海平面升降与中国南方二叠纪生物礁油气藏

根据相对海平面升降速率与礁生长速率之间的关系,中国南方二叠纪生物礁可划分为三种类型∶退积礁、并进礁和进积礁。不同类型的礁有其特有的成岩、成藏模式。首先,相对海平面升降控制了礁储集体的非均质性,这种非均质性又控制着原油在礁体内的时空展布,搞清这种时空展布规律对礁油气藏勘探极为重要;其次,相对海平面升降控制着礁含油气系统要素的形成机理及空间配置关系,对礁的含油气系统进行分析可在钻前对礁的含油气潜力作出初步评价。不同类型的礁体群均具有各自不同的成因联系及时空迁移规律,分析这种成因联系及时空迁移规律使我们可以更加准确预测潜伏礁体。     

相对海平面升降与中国南方二叠纪生物礁油气藏

根据相对海平面升降速率与礁生长速率之间的关系,中国南方二叠纪生物礁可划分为三种类型∶退积礁、并进礁和进积礁。不同类型的礁有其特有的成岩、成藏模式。首先,相对海平面升降控制了礁储集体的非均质性,这种非均质性又控制着原油在礁体内的时空展布,搞清这种时空展布规律对礁油气藏勘探极为重要;其次,相对海平面升降控制着礁含油气系统要素的形成机理及空间配置关系,对礁的含油气系统进行分析可在钻前对礁的含油气潜力作出初步评价。不同类型的礁体群均具有各自不同的成因联系及时空迁移规律,分析这种成因联系及时空迁移规律使我们可以更加准确预测潜伏礁体。     

新疆北部泥盆系火山碎屑浊积岩层序结构特征及其地质意义

新疆北部泥盆系火山碎屑浊积岩包括粗粒、中粒和细粒火山碎屑浊积岩三大类,后者尚可进一步划分为粉砂质、泥质和生物成因浊积岩。岩性上以含火山物质有别于陆屑、钙屑浊积岩。在火山碎屑浊积岩中识别出20种层序结构,它们可归并为完整鲍马序列、连续不完整鲍马序列和间断不完整鲍马序列三类。文章认为:间断不完整鲍马序列是多个浊流事件或浊流事件与其他事件相互叠加、干扰的产物,为活动构造环境,特别是火山岛弧海中非单源、单方向浊流沉积或火山碎屑浊积岩或细粒浊积岩的重要特征。     

冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷古近系沙河街组三段泥灰岩成因探讨

冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷中部古近系沙河街组三段下部（简称沙三下）泥灰岩属一类特殊的岩石类型组合,既非典型的碳酸盐岩,又非经典的碎屑岩。在进行了详细的岩心、薄片观察和各种分析化验资料的综合分析基础上,认识到研究区岩石为混积岩类,将混积岩（广义的）、混合沉积的概念和体系引入沉积物类型和岩相的划分中,为泥灰岩的科学定名提供了依据。据此对混积岩的类型进行了细致的划分,共划分出3大类型：结构混合、互层混合和夹层混合。每一类可以再细分为多种,其中结构混合包括①陆源组分为主的混积岩,②以内源组分为主的混积岩。互层混合成因的混积岩是最重要的岩石类型,本区所谓的纹层状泥晶灰岩大部分属于这一沉积类型,主要由灰质泥岩或泥灰岩与泥晶灰岩组成明暗相间的条带,有时含丰富的有机质。互层出现的形式是多种多样的,依据其岩石中原地组分和异地组分的含量不同,可进一步划分为4种类型。夹层混合沉积,表现为巨厚的碳酸盐岩质砾岩层夹前两类混积岩。构造、气候及物源等是控制混积岩形成的主要因素。     

四川盆地灯影组三段混积特征及其地质意义

四川盆地灯影组三段混积现象较发育。以川中高科1井、川北杨坝剖面和宁强高家山剖面作为研究对象,通过剖面实测、岩芯观察及薄片鉴定,对四川盆地灯影组三段的混合沉积特征进行了对比研究。研究结果表明:灯影组三段混积岩主要为纹层状泥晶白云岩、纹层状含砂白云岩、含砂白云岩、砂质白云岩以及砂岩等,发育混积型碎屑岩、混积型碳酸盐岩以及高度混积岩三类;混合沉积类型为复合式混合沉积Ⅱ类。四川盆地灯影组三段混积作用受控于气候条件、构造运动、水动力条件、海平面升降以及物源供给等众多因素,且它们互相影响,共同作用。结合混积类型、混积强度以及沉积环境等因素,建立了灯影组三段的混积陆棚模式,指示其陆源碎屑系风暴流等从汉南古陆携带而来,侧面证明灯三段沉积时期,汉南古陆已发生隆起,为四川盆地提供陆源碎屑,这为恢复四川盆地灯影组沉积构造格局提供了参考。     

龙门山甘溪组谢家湾段混积相和混积层序地层学特征

依据实测剖面资料和薄片鉴定结果,将龙门山下泥盆统甘溪组谢家湾段确定为以泥质为背景的Ⅰ型混积类型和Ⅱ型混积层序,其Ⅰ型混积类型的形成机理包括间断式和原地式两种混积形式,以风暴流所致的间断式混积为主。相关的混积相可划分为混积滨岸、碎屑混积陆棚和碳酸盐混积陆棚三种混积相类型,以及①滨岸潮缘残积物＋混积潮坪、②混积陆棚泥＋远源风暴流、③混积陆棚泥＋近源砂质风暴流、④混积陆棚泥＋近源混积风暴流和生物滩与点礁四种混积微相类型的沉积组合。其Ⅱ型混积层序可划分出SMST、TST、EHST和LHST四个沉积体系域,各体系域由不同的混积类型、混积序列和混积强度的准层序叠置而成,以SMST和LHST的原地式混积作用最强,TST的间断式混积作用最弱,而EHST具有交替的间断式与原地式叠加混积作用。     

惠民凹陷中央隆起带古近系地震浊积岩特征研究

通过大量岩心、薄片、粒度和成像测井资料分析,首次提出山东惠民凹陷中央隆起带沙三段上部浊积岩与典型的原地震积岩(包括震裂岩、震褶岩、自碎屑角砾岩等)紧密伴生,当属于地震成因浊积岩,地震浊积岩与原地震积岩之间被震积不整合面分割。地震浊积岩与非地震浊积岩具有类似的鲍玛序列,不同的是地震浊积岩鲍玛序列底部的含砾砂岩中颗粒具有碎裂结构。根据地震浊积岩所处位置,垂向上一般可组成完整的原地震积岩—“似海啸岩”—震浊积岩序列、原地震积岩—震浊积岩序列或者未震层—地震浊积岩序列。地震成因浊积岩的发现和研究,将为研究陆相湖盆地震事件沉积及正确判断济阳坳陷储集砂体的“多元”性提供地质理论依据。      

Appearance of the nonlinearity from the nonlocality in diffusion through multiscale fractured porous media

We shall consider diffusion or single-phase flow in a multiscale porous medium which represents an infinite set of self-similar double-porosity media. At each scale, the medium consists of a highly permeable network of connected channels and low-permeable blocks. The characteristic scale of heterogeneity is ε at the highest level of hierarchy, wherein ε is a small parameter. The ratio between the channel and block permeability at each scale is ε ². The process analyzed is described using a diffusion equation with an oscillating multiscale diffusion parameter. The macroscale behavior is of interest. The transition to the macroscale is performed by means of the two-scale homogenization procedure. One step of averaging at each level of hierarchy leads to the appearance of the memory terms in the averaged equation. The successive averaging steps lead to progressive memory accumulation, so at each step of averaging, the macroscale model changes its type, and even the result of the second step is unknown a priori. The objective was to determine the macroscopic limit model for the infinite number of scales. By the method of induction, we obtained the macroscale model for an arbitrary number of scales and its limit for the infinite hierarchy. The limit model represents the system of two equations with memory terms. The kernel of the memory operator is the solution of a nonlinear integro-differential equation. Its solution is obtained through Laplace transform.     

Self-consistent pressure scales based on the equations of state for ruby,diamond, MgO,B2–NaCl,as well as Au,Pt, and other metals to 4 Mbar and 3000 K

Based on the modified formalism of Dorogokupets and Oganov (2007), we calculated the equation of state for diamond, MgO, Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Mo, Nb, Pt, Ta, and W by simultaneous optimization of the data of shock-wave experiments and ultrasonic, X-ray diffraction, dilatometric, and thermochemical measurements in the temperature range from ~ 100 K to the melting points and pressures of up to several Mbar, depending on the material. The obtained room-temperature isotherms were adjusted with a shift of the R1 luminescence line of ruby, which was measured simultaneously with the unit cell parameters of metals in the helium and argon pressure media. The new ruby scale is expressed as P(GPa) = 1870?Δλ / λ0(1 + 6?Δλ / λ0). It can be used for correction of room-pressure isotherms of metals, diamond, and periclase. New simultaneous measurements of the volumes of Au, Pt, MgO, and B2-NaCl were used for interrelated test of obtained equations of state and calculation of the room-pressure isotherm for B2-NaCl. Therefore, the constructed equations of state for nine metals, diamond, periclase, and B2-NaCl can be considered self-consistent and consistent with the ruby scale and are close to a thermodynamic equilibrium. The calculated PVT relations can be used as self-consistent pressure scales in the study of the PVT properties of minerals using diamond anvil cell in a wide range of temperatures and pressures.     

An indirect boundary integral equation method for poroelasticity

This paper presents an indirect boundary integral equation method for analysis of quasi-static, time-harmonic and transient boundary value problems related to infinite and semi-infinite poroelastic domains. The present analysis is based on Biot's theory for poroelastodynamics with fluid viscous dissipation. The solution to a given boundary value problem is reduced to the determination of intensities of forces and fluid sources applied on an auxiliary surface defined interior to the surface on which the boundary conditions are specified. A coupled set of integral equations is established to determine the intensities of forces and fluid sources applied on the auxiliary surface. The integral equations are solved numerically in the Laplace domain for quasi-static and transient problems, and in the frequency domain for time-harmonic excitations. The kernel functions of the integral equation correspond to appropriate Green's functions for a poroelastic full space or half-space. The convergence and numerical stability of the present scheme are established by considering a number of bench mark problems. The versatility of the present method is demonstrated by studying the quasi-static response of a rigid spheroidal anchor, and time-harmonic and transient response of a rigid semi-circular tunnel.     

拉伸荷载作用下岩石的细观损伤力学模型

本文建立了拉伸荷载作用下岩石的二维、轴对称和三维细观损伤力学的有效场模型，分析了岩石中的裂纹扩展过程，求得了损伤柔度的表达式，并给出了相应的算例，数值模拟结果与Ｔａｙｌｏｒ模型和自洽模型的计算结果以及实验结果进行了对比，结果表明Ｔａｙｌｏｒ模型和自洽模型的数值模拟结果与实验结果有较大的误差，而本文提出的数值模拟结果则与实验结果具有很好的一致性。     

Application of incomplete similarity theory to the estimation of the mean velocity of debris flows

The mean velocity of debris flow is one of the most important parameters in the design of mitigation structures and in quantitative risk analysis. This study develops a model to predict the mean debris flow velocity observed in the field by applying the incomplete similarity argument. An equation for estimating the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient for debris flows with a volumetric sediment concentration larger than 0.19 is accordingly derived using 128 sets of observation data from nine Chinese gullies, in which both the effect of the volumetric sediment concentration and channel slope on resistance are considered. The derived equation is then verified and compared against five previously published equations by using 61 sets of published observation data from six gullies located in four countries. The applications of the proposed equation are discussed, and the improvements made using the proposed equation are clearly very significant when compared with the previously published equations.     

The Role of Pressure as a Source of Gravity and Wormholes

The role of pressure as a source of gravity in general relativity is considered. In homogeneous, anisotropic cosmological models, the anisotropic pressure components along different coordinate axes are included as terms in the equations determining the accelerations along these axes; in this sense, this situation is similar to how the mass density is included in these equations. A change in the pressure component along one of the coordinates leads to an anisotropic change in the accelerations along all three coordinates. However, the pressure components are not present in the equation determining the initial conditions. On the other hand, with an inhomogeneous matter density distribution, the mass density and pressure play fundamentally different roles as sources of gravity. The consequences of this are considered.     

蒸发皿系数Kp计算方法研究

应用指标回归法和定性（风速和相对湿度）定量（吹程）资料，建立了蒸发皿系数Kp计算方程，并用黄河下游引黄灌区48个观测站实测资料进行了验证计算。计算结果表明，应用该方程，可大大改善Kp值的计算精度。     

Water characteristic curve of soil with bimodal grain-size distribution

Soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) is the most fundamental and important soil property in unsaturated soil mechanics. It has been used for analyzing slope stability due to the infiltration of rainfall into slopes and water flow in unsaturated embankments. Generally, SWCC is obtained by laboratory tests. However high cost, long duration and difficulty of the tests impede the application of unsaturated soil mechanics to practical design or analysis. Therefore, several equations have been developed to predict the SWCC using grain-size distribution (GSD) curve. However, most of the equations were limited to soils with unimodal characteristics and the parameters of the equations are not related to the physical properties of the soil. In this paper, an equation to predict SWCC for soils with bimodal characteristics is proposed. The parameters of the proposed equation are related to the physical properties of soil and the variables of SWCC closely. The proposed equation is evaluated with data from the literature and laboratory tests carried out in this study. In addition, the computer codes for the computation of the predicted bimodal SWCC are presented.     

Gravitational radiation during coalescence of neutron stars

The coalescence of components of a binary star with equal masses (M ₁ = M ₂ = M _⊙) and moving in circular orbits is considered. The equation of state for degenerate neutrons is used, leading to the equation of state for an ideal gas. The initial model has zero temperature, corresponding to a polytrope with n = 1.5. To reduce the required computational time, the initial close binary is constructed using the self-consistent field method. The computations use Newtonian gas dynamics, but the back reaction of the gravitational radiation is taken into account in a PN2.5 post-Newton approximation, obtained using ADM formalism. This makes it possible to apply previous experienceof constructing high-order Godunov-type difference schemes, which are suitable for end-to-end calculations of discontinuous solutions of the gas-dynamics equations on a fixed Eulerian grid. The Poisson equations were solved using an original spherical-function expansion method. The 3D computations yielded the parameters of the gravitational signal. Near the radiation maximum, the strain amplitude is rh ～ 4 × 10⁴ cm, the power maximum is 4 × 10⁵⁴ erg/s, and the typical radiation frequency is ?1 kHz. The energy carried away by gravitational waves is ?10⁵² erg. These parameters are of interest, since they form an inherent part of a rotational mechanism for the supernova explosion. They are also of interest for the planning of gravitational-wave detection experiments.