GIS支持下岩溶地下水资料信息系统的开发与应用

Resources Information System is a significant tool for the exploitation and management of resources. Supported by advanced Geological Information System softwares, the authors designed and established the Karst Groundwater Resources Information System of Xuzhou City based on the current situation of groundwater exploitation. The authors made great efforts to discuss how to use GIS and database technique to manage the information of groundwater resources scientificlly and how to use integrated techniques to create an integrated unity. The system includes five modules,namely, information input,information maintenance, query and search, application and analysis, and information output. This system runs quickly, accurately, intuitively and scientifically. The Karst Groundwater Resource Information System has been applied in practice and achieved good results.     

贵州岩溶山区城镇化进程中地下水的资源功能评价

地下水是岩溶山区现代城镇化发展的战略性基础资源,为了解城镇化进程中地下水资源功能的支撑作用,通过构建地下水资源功能评价指标体系,对贵州省9个市（州）岩溶区域城镇化进程中地下水的资源功能进行定量评价.评价结果表明:地下水的资源功能在城镇化进程中呈现明显的差异性特征,城镇化水平较高的贵阳市对地下水的依存性高达79.08%,地下水的资源功能较强;城镇化水平较低的地区对地下水的依存性较小,地下水的资源功能相对较弱.随着城镇化水平的提升,地下水资源的可持续性受地下水污染和超采等因素制约,其资源功能存在弱化甚至丧失的风险.      

省级国土资源“一张图”数据中心建设探讨

从国土资源“一张图”数据中心亟待解决的问题入手,结合山东省国土资源数据中心建设实际,从国土资源数据建设的宏观和规划层面,探讨国土资源“一张图”数据中心的定位、与国土资源各业务系统的关系和科学合理的建设步骤等方面问题,为构建覆盖“横向到边、纵向到底、联动更新、资源共享”的国土资源“一张图”数据中心提供理论支撑。     

The conservation of Britain's limestone cave resource

 Limestone caves are an important scientific and recreational resource in Britain. During the mid- to late 1970s, cavers and statutory conservation bodies cooperated in a review of cave resources which resulted in the designation of 48 caves or cave areas as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). During the same period, the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 was introduced to provide more effective planning controls on activities such as agriculture carried out within SSSI boundaries. In one case, at Priddy in the Mendip Hills of Somerset, landowners prevented access to a number of caves in protest over the new, tougher restrictions on agriculture. Faced with the closure, and perceiving that their recreational use of caves might also be controlled, local cavers joined the landowners in opposing the proposals for SSSI designation. As a result the proposals were reviewed, three caves were excluded from the site and controls on the remaining area were relaxed. The case emphasized a need for an effective system to take account of all factors affecting cave conservation, a need which has led to a more constructive dialogue between nature conservation bodies, caver organizations and other interested parties. Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995     

Geological resources and environmental carrying capacity evaluation review,theory, and practice in China

Evaluations of resources and environmental carrying capacities (GRECC) are the premise of land space planning and use control. Resource allocations and environmental capacity are the basic conditions that restrict development in a region. In this paper, based on a systematic review of China’s geological environment, groundwater resources, mineral resources, other geological resources and the environmental carrying capacity research status, the relationship between the natural resource environmental system and the socio-economic system is studied. Then a “coordination theory of resources and environmental carrying” is proposed. Next, on the basis of an evaluation experiment performed at different scales and for different types of regions, the technical methods for an evaluation of the geological resources and environmental carrying capacity at the regional (inter-provincial) and provincial scales in China are established for the first time. This paper presents a standardized method based on technical ideas, evaluation methods, and index systems for geological resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation. Finally, an evaluation of the groundwater resource carrying capacity in China is used as an example for the demonstration of the groundwater resource background and use of state evaluation methods.     

Counting fish: Performative data,anglers’ knowledge-practices and environmental measurement

This paper examines how environmental resources are measured and quantified as objects of environmental science and management and how lay knowledge-producers participate in this process, alongside the state. Using a case study of recreational angling, I show how fish in English rivers and lakes are counted and anglers act as lay or amateur knowledge-producers in the state’s metrological knowledge-practices. As embodied measurement instruments, anglers create data about themselves (as ‘effort data’) and about fish (as ‘catch returns’). These data are combined with other forms of data produced by the Environment Agency in England and Wales and used for fisheries management, thus shaping water bodies and fish ecology. I show how, to support environmental measurement, the state manages not only the environment and fish, but also anglers as lay knowledge-producers, using both regulation and economic incentives; in response, anglers also use data reflexively and strategically. I therefore emphasise the heterogeneous co-productions of environmental measurement as amateur–professional, human–animal and organic–technological, and show how measuring and managing water ecologies also involves measuring and managing humans.     

山西炼焦煤资源与开发利用现状分析

山西省炼焦煤资源丰富、优势突出;资源分布广泛,煤类分布规律明显;开发技术条件较好;优质炼焦煤资源稀缺,比较适宜炼焦的资源大约在900亿t,低灰、低硫的优质炼焦煤大约占炼焦煤查明资源储量的12％,而优质的焦煤和肥煤仅占2．5％;查明资源总体利用水平低,但低硫煤资源占用率高;勘探程度较低,探明的资源储量少;查明资源总体利用水平低,经济可采储量少。通过分析山西炼焦煤炭资源开发利用现状,认为确保山西炼焦煤经济的可持续发展,必须加强炼焦煤炭资源的规划与管理,提高炼焦煤资源保障能力,保护与节约并重,合理开发利用炼焦煤资源。     

基于MAPGIS的中国电信网络资源管理系统地址库建设

快速响应客户需求、节约企业成本、提高资源管理效率是电信企业当前保持核心竞争力的关键.为了在中国电信网络资源管理(CTNRMS-GIS) 系统中实时图形化展示用户业务所占用的资源状况, 需要业务支撑(business support system, BSS) 系统的用户地址数据及其业务与关联资源.在基于MAPGIS的中国电信网络资源管理系统的建设中, 将BSS系统地址数据(UNIX服务器, Oracle数据库) 借助FTP中间服务器按约定格式迁移到GIS系统, 建立与BSS保持准实时同步的GIS系统地址库(UNIX服务器, Sybase数据库), 实现了跨数据库平台的数据共享, 并对地址数据与各种资源的关联进行了分析, GIS系统地址库建设使电信企业后端运维建设部门增强了对前端营业部门的支撑能力.      

黔东南地质遗迹资源评价

地质遗迹资源评价,是对地质遗迹进行保护和合理开发利用的前提。本文在对黔东南地质遗迹实地调查的基础上,采用综合评价法,对黔东南地区的地质遗迹进行了评价,确定了地质遗迹的质量水平,进行了重要性分级,为地质遗迹的有效保护和合理开发提供了科学依据,为制定地学旅游发展规划奠定基础。     

Guidelines for international data collection and resource assessments and analyses

The ever-increasing world interdependency required to provide the basic energy and mineral commodities needed by society, has created a need to assess, on a common basis, the location, number, and quality of deposits of natural resources. In order to evaluate and compare the resource potential of any area, two major factors must be considered: (1) the type of commodity being evaluated and (2) the specific parameter (reserves or resources) which is being defined. Each commodity or parameter being studied requires a separate methodology for analysis and different basic data. Porphyry copper deposits must be treated differently from stratabound copper deposits or massive sulfide deposits of copper. Similarly, oil and gas deposits associated with stratigraphic traps must be treated differently from those associated with salt domes. Resource assessments attempt to estimate the aggregate resource potential of an area whereas resource analyses attempt to define the specific characteristics of the individual occurrences which comprise the aggregate resource potential. Assessment programs may range from a national inventory of known deposits and occurrences to detailed studies which require an extensive integration of geological, geochemical, and geophysical data. Examples of national inventories are the small mine inventory of Bolivia and presently operating resource programs in Turkey and Argentina. Detailed programs of assessment include the AMRAP (Alaska Mineral Resource Appraisal Program) program and studies in the Coeur d'Alene district and Ely, Nevada. Worldwide resource analysis is a rapidly expanding field of endeavor necessitated by the need to more clearly define the characteristics of known deposits and to provide quantitative estimates of hypothetical and speculative resources. Studies presently underway deal with the development of search and occurrence models, field size distributions of energy resources, tonnage and grade relationships of mineral deposits, the zone of influence of exploratory drill holes, and models of the exploration process.This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98 entitled Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies held at Loen, Norway, September 27–October 1, 1976.     

《生命支持系统百科全书(EOLSS)》将于1997年问世

1997年将有一部跨国巨著——《生命支持系统百科全书(EOLSS)》与读者见面。该书将是世界上规模最大,也是最为重要的科学技术出版物之一。由美、欧、俄、中等国和地区350多位专家组成编委会,千余名专家执笔编写,全书将分50～60卷刊出,并以CD-ROM电子版本形成出版。     

青海省贵德国家地质公园地质遗迹及综合评价

地质遗迹综合评价是保护和利用地质遗迹的重要科学依据。本文在系统阐述青海省贵德国家地质公园地质遗迹类型与特征的基础上,依据国土资源部《中国国家地质公园建设技术要求和工作指南》地质遗迹(景观)评价系统和改进后的菲什拜因-罗森伯格模型,对贵德国家地质公园地质遗迹进行综合评价研究。结果表明:公园地质遗迹丰富多样、形态典型、景观奇特、保存良好;地质遗迹可分为8个大类,16个亚类;地质遗迹具有较高的科学价值、科普价值、美学价值、康体价值以及旅游开发价值,其中尤以水体景观、峰丛地貌和黄河奇石最为典型,属于国家级资源。研究结果不仅为地质遗迹的评价提供了一种新的模式,而且对于正确认识贵德国家地质公园地质遗迹状况,深入进行地质遗迹保护、开发利用和管理等工作具有一定的参考价值。     

黑海天然气水合物地质调查现状分析

黑海天然气水合物资源丰富,是我国未来开展国际合作的重要区域.论文系统地总结、分析了黑海地区天然气水合物近50年的地质调查结果,包括天然气水合物的分布、资源潜力和地质调查特点等.分析归纳要点包括:黑海地区天然气水合物类型以Ⅰ型为主,主要赋存在细粒沉积储层中,甲烷资源量最高可达850万亿m3;除俄罗斯外,黑海周边其他各国的...     

Regional mineral resources assessment based on rasterized geochemical data: A case study of porphyry copper deposits in Manzhouli,China

This study used regional geochemical survey data (1:200,000 scale) from the Manzouli area of China to assess mineral resources. Geochemical survey data was rasterized and a geochemical atlas was generated, with the image pixel size determined according to geochemical exploration sample point spacing. The Wunugetushan, Babayi, and Badaguan porphyry copper deposits were selected as model areas for the assessment of copper mineral resources. Three parameters were considered for the calculation of the mineral resources. An ore-bearing hydrothermal alteration coefficient was determined based on geological characteristics and geochemical characteristics of the model area, in order to determine alteration intensity; a denudation coefficient was calculated to determine denudation extent; and a mineralization intensity coefficient was calculated to determine the intensity of mineralization within each pixel. Resource estimation was conducted through regression analysis of model deposit resources and coefficients. The results can be used to determine prospecting target areas based on frequency classification and can be used to estimate the number of ore deposits. Results show that resource estimation using rasterized geochemical data provides high prediction precision and accurate positioning.     

An abundance model resource appraisal for some Canadian commodities

An abundance model resource appraisal has been undertaken for 10 mineral commodities in Canada: nickel, copper, zinc, lead, molybdenum, uranium, silver, gold, chromium, and tin. The purpose of the appraisal was to investigate the applicability of the model to the Canadian situation. Resource appraisals for the first 6 of the commodities studied have been published following deposit modeling studies. For many other commodities studied have been published following deposit modeling appraisals. The demonstration of the relevance of the abundance model to Canada would allow its application in such cases. The data presented in this paper indicate that the approximate relation, resource (short tons)=abundance (%)×10¹⁰. holds true for all commodities studied except chromium and tin. As the resources versus abundances relationship observed on a global scale is observable in Canada, it is concluded that Canada is a sufficiently large fraction (∼7%) of the earth's continental crust to represent a valid sample of that crust. Canada appears to be relatively well endowed with resources of copper, molybdenum, lead, and zinc, and poorly endowed with chromium and tin. It is proposed that the intersection of national boundaries with the boundaries of the world's metallogenic provinces is of greater importance than the intensity of past search, a feature that has been suggested in other studies. If these areas overlap, a nation may be self sufficient in a commodity: if they do not, the nation must import, or find a nationally available substitute. The sources of information used in the appraisal are outlined together with an analysis of the problems encounterea and the time requirements. This paper was presented at the International Geological Correlation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills Kenya, November 8–15, 1977.     

全国自然资源要素综合观测体系建设需求及发展动态

自然资源要素综合观测工程围绕国家重大战略需求和自然资源部"两统一"职责展开,是一项具有战略性、基础性、紧迫性的系统工程,合理分析自然资源要素综合观测体系构建的各项需求,进一步明确建设思路,厘清目前发展动态,有利于自然资源要素综合观测工程下一步工作的开展.通过需求分析,明确了全国自然资源要素综合观测体系建设的各项需求,并...     

基于降水量的全国地质灾害潜势预报模式

利用1949～2003午的地质灾害资料和气象资料，文章分析了我国滑坡泥石流等地质灾害的时空分布特点及其与降雨的关系，指出我国地质灾害的发生在空间上具有广域性、地域性和局地性，在时间上具有季节性、夜发性和午际变化等特点，这些特点与降雨量分布的关系非常密切，说明降雨是滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害的主要激发因子。进一步研究表明：降雨诱发地质灾害可归纳为三种概念模型，即：当日大降雨型、持续降雨型、前期降雨型。在根据最新资料进行的地质灾害气象预警区划的基础上，分区建立了基于降雨量观测和预报的地质灾害气象统计潜势预报模式，并以此模式为主要技术方法建立了全国地质灾害气象预警业务系统，经过2003年和2004午汛期业务应用检验表明，具有较好效果。     

平邑县矿产资源专项资金征管工作初探

平邑县矿产资源开发利用进程不断加快,矿产资源市场配置机制基本确立,实现了矿产资源专项资金征缴大幅度增长。由于资源需求过大,热点、难点问题凸现,矿业权一级市场虽然全面建设,但二级市场进展不够通畅,矿产资源专项资金征缴等工作还存在差距。结合平邑县在矿产资源专项资金征缴方面取得的成效,分析了存在的问题,并提出合理化建议。     

资源环境研究中的几个科学问题

资源环境科学是当前的热点学科和基础学科。在介绍资源和环境概念的基础上,分析了资源环境科学的内涵和学科任务、学科特点及发展趋势,评述了资源环境科学研究的科学方法等有关问题。     

Lead-zinc resource prediction in India: An application of Zipf's law

Resource prediction is necessary for allocation of exploration efforts to keep pace with future demand and the growth pattern of a commodity. Zipf's law, a mathematical relationship between size and rank of discrete phenomena, has been used for resource prediction of oil in Western Canada, uranium, gold, tin, and lead-zinc deposits in Australia, and copper deposits in Zambia. The model, applied to lead-zinc metal accumulation of 24 known precambrain deposits in India, indicates that about 75% of the lead-zinc metal is yet to be discovered. The probability of occurrence of 14 deposits of larger dimensions based on the cumulative percentage frequency for different accumulations lies between 5 and 30%. In future exploration, preference should be given to more effort in the Banded Gneissic Complex of Rajasthan in comparison to Aravalilis of Rajasthan, followed by similar environments throughout the country and Palaeozoic strata of the Himalayas.