泰安地震台洞体应变与钻孔体应变参数解算结果对比分析

基于泰安台2013年洞体应变观测资料,首先利用维涅第科夫(Venedikov)调和分析方法计算洞体应变测项的潮汐因子和相位滞后,并以潮汐因子的稳定性对观测资料进行了质量评价。同时对观测仪器的2个测项进行解算,并提取相关应变参数进行对比。在此基础上,选取泰安台资料质量较稳定的体应变数据进行了应变参数时间序列计算,并对2套仪器观测数据进行了对比。通过分析,认定应力场存在异常,并对比分析了应力场异常与重力场异常的对应关系。     

张家口地震台两套体应变仪观测资料对比分析

对张家口台TJ-1型、TJ-2型两套体应变仪2014至2018年观测数据的年变、年漂移、气压干扰、仪器噪声水平和M2波潮汐因子等进行计算,分析总结两套仪器的共性与差异.利用潮汐因子α值系统偏离方法分析总结参数变化特征与地震的对应关系.结果表明潮汐因子在震前主要以负异常为主,分析认为产生这一变化主要是由于在震前孕震区应力...     

溧阳体应变观测资料综合分析

江苏省溧阳体应变自1994年开始观测以来，经历了1994年至2000年以整点值为主的模拟观测，和2001年至今以分钟值为主的数字化观测两个阶段，对这两个观测阶段观测资料变化形态、观测质量和观测精度、潮汐因子中误差、地震波记录能力等参数进行对比研究，同时采用固体潮汐残差矢量分析方法，对溧阳台1996年以来的观测资料进行了计算分析。结果表明：①溧阳台数字化观测和模拟观测资料的形态、观测精度、方差、潮汐因子中误差、相位滞后等参数无显著差异；影响观测资料精度的主要因素是仪器故障、水位、气压、气温等；②溧阳体应变固体潮汐残差矢量对1996年11月9日长江口6．1级地震异常特征明显，映震效果显著。     

中国及邻区重力合成潮汐参数

采用固体潮理论模型值和由最新的TPXO7海潮模型以及中国近海潮汐资料计算的海潮负荷效应,构制了中国及邻区的高分辨率的重力合成潮汐参数;并将合成结果与国家地震台网的重力观测值和武汉超导重力仪观测值以及香港台最新观测结果进行了比较. 结果表明,振幅因子的平均差异小于0.005,相位差的平均差异小于0.5deg;;观测结果与合成结果之间的差异与重力观测仪器有关,高精度的超导重力仪观测结果与合成参数更加一致;重力合成潮汐参数是观测值很好的模拟. 本文结果可为绝对重力测量等地表和空间大地测量提供固体潮改正模型,也可为没有实施观测的广大区域提供有效潮汐参数.      

滇西试验场重力潮汐观测及其地震响应特征的研究

本文使用Ｎａｋａｉ预处理、Ｖｅｎｅｄｉｋｏｖ调和分析和滑动滤波等方法，对滇西地震实验场下关台ＧＳ１５－２２７重力仪１９８７－１９９２年 观测资料进行了系统分析，，确定了该地区最佳重力潮汐参数及潮汐和非潮汐动态变化背景，并对观察期间的６个震例进行清理，分析了重力异常变化与地震的关系，获得了该地区重力潮汐和非潮汐信息的地震响应特征。     

银川站同址gPhone型与GS-15型重力仪观测资料对比分析全文替换

基于银川站同址gPhone和GS-15重力仪两年的观测资料,进行潮汐分析和提取重力非潮汐残差处理,从潮汐参数精度、记震能力、抗干扰能力、映震能力等方面进行了对比分析。利用VAV调和分析计算了气压改正前后两台仪器的潮汐参数,发现该站gPhone各波群潮汐参数精度均低于GS-15这一现象,即GS-15运行更为稳定。气压改正后显示GS-15有3种波群潮汐参数变化较大,而gPhone只有S1波较明显。非潮汐残差显示gPhone受抽水影响较GS-15严重,两次地震前有扰动现象。     

易县地震台形变资料的一致性及差异性分析

文章选取易县地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪、VS型垂直摆倾斜仪、SS-Y型伸缩仪、TJ-2型体积应变仪多年的观测资料,采用形态对比法及Venedikov调和分析法讨论潮汐因子、相位滞后等参数,对统计结果进行一致性和差异性分析。结果表明,同一观测环境下,不同仪器相同物理量观测不一致,同物理量观测的潮汐因子幅度、精度不一致。     

超导重力仪GWR—TT70在武昌站的测量结果及其长期稳定性分析

介绍了超导重力仪ＧＷＲ－ＴＴ７０（１９８６－０１～１９９３－１２）在武昌站的观测数据及潮汐参数的计算结果,采用了非数字滤波调和分析法,计算出该仪器观测重力对气压的响应系数和长周期波潮汐参数,得到潮汐因子在８年中的稳定度为０．５％以内,最后分析了仪器漂移特征和武昌站重力长期变化的可能量级。     

泰安台YRY-2钻孔应变仪线差应变潮汐参数及其稳定性研究

介绍了泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪1991～1996年观测数据的调和分析结果．分析了潮汐参数的动态特征及其稳定性，并将有关结果与洞体水平线应变仪的（伸缩仪）观测结果进行了对比分析．泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪NS分量M2波月潮汐因子的离散中误差为3.3％，NE分量为3.6％，相位滞后的月离散误差小于2°．该指标与最好的洞室仪器SSY-Ⅱ的结果相当．     

gPhone重力仪与GRACE观测的陆地水季节性重力变化对比

利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络中张家口、淮北、溧阳重力台的gPhone连续重力观测数据,经过Tsoft软件数据预处理、固体潮、海潮负荷、极移等主要潮汐信号的扣除、局部气压改正,以及分段拟合仪器漂移后,得到观测数据的非潮汐信号,该信号时间序列呈现明显的季节性,主要反映陆地水储量变化;在此基础上,将地面重力非潮汐信号的月均值与重力卫星GRACE的观测结果进行比较。结果发现,仪器观测较稳定的张家口站和淮北站,地面重力和卫星重力观测的季节性信号具有一定的一致性;而溧阳站两种观测的相关性较差,可能与仪器观测的稳定性及台站周边区域环境因素有关。     

gPhone重力仪的面波频段响应实测研究

以中国大陆构造环境监测网络昆明台和恩施台gPhone相对重力仪连续重力潮汐观测数据为基础,研究了gPhone重力仪在1 mHz以上频段的高频响应。从瑞利面波角度获得gPhone重力仪的高频响应,并且通过与同址观测的STS-1地震仪LHZ分量数据进行对比,验证了gPhone重力仪高频观测结果的可靠性。对比从gPhone重力仪和STS-1地震仪观测数据中提取到的面波波形和群速度频散曲线,发现昆明台两类仪器观测到面波信号的振幅和相位都较为一致,而恩施台仅振幅较为一致,相位上存在较明显差异,gPhone重力仪记录的面波信号在各频段存在不同的时间延迟。用两类仪器观测数据获得了大地震激发的自由振荡,结果表明两类仪器观测到的基频球型模态自由振荡的频率和振幅都吻合较好,进一步验证了gPhone重力仪对高频频段信号振幅响应的可靠性。以上研究结果表明:利用gPhone重力仪能够准确地观测到大地震激发的面波和自由振荡等高频信号的振幅,但在记录信号的相位信息时,有些仪器会有相位偏移产生,如果研究中需要考虑信号的相位,则必须获得仪器相位偏移量,再进行仪器相位校正。     

1976年唐山地震前的重力位二次微商变化

本文介绍了唐山大地震前在北京通县西集地震台用扭秤观测的重力位二次微商变化。这个资料与唐山地震前的重力异常符合得比较好。扭秤测量精度较高，仪器性能稳定，两秤臂的一致性好，它对唐山地震前观测的重力异常是一个很好的旁证和补充。说明唐山地震前的重力变化，尤其是１９７５年的加速上和临震前的得力下降是可信的。西集台第一次观测到与地震孕育过程有关的重力位二次微商异常，这对研究唐山地震的前兆，特别是重力场的变化原     

大气重力信号的理论计算及其检测

基于标准大气定律和大气圆柱体分布模型,本文引进了大气重力格林函数,用离散格积方法求得了大气对重力场观测的影响,对台站高程、周围地形和地表温度变化等因素的影响问题进行了讨论．结果说明台站近区气压变化是大气重力信号的主要贡献者,考虑大气质量负荷引起的弹性地球形变效应后,对距台站0．5°的区域积分获得的大气重力导纳值为-0．3603μGal／hPa,占全球大气变化引起的总信号的90％以上,这一理论模型结果与超导重力仪实测结果相吻合,并能较有效地用于消除重力观测中的气压干扰成分．     

Gravity and Displacement Variations in the Areas of Strong Earthquakes in the East of Russia

The modern gravimetry methods are capable of measuring gravity with an accuracy of up to 10^–10 of the normal value, which is commensurate with the accuracy of the up-to-date methods of displacement measurements by satellite geodesy. Significant changes, e.g., in the coseismic displacements of the Earth’s surface are recorded in the zones of large earthquakes. These changes should manifest themselves in the variations of gravity. Absolute measurements have been conducted by various modifications of absolute ballistic gravimeters GABL since the mid-1970s at the Klyuchi point (Novosibirsk) in the south of the West Siberian plate. Monitoring observations have been taking place in the seismically active regions since the 1990s. In this paper we consider the results of the long-term measurements of the variations in gravity and recent crustal displacements for different types of earthquakes (the zones of shear, extension, and compression). In the seismically active areas in the east of Russia, the longest annual series of absolute measurements starting from 1992 was recorded in the southeastern segment of Baikal region. In this area, the Kultuk earthquake with magnitude 6.5 occurred on August 27, 2008, at a distance of 25 km from the observation point of the Talaya seismic station. The measurements in Gornyi (Mountainous) Altai have been conducted since 2000. A strikeslip earthquake with magnitude 7.5 took place in the southern segment of the region on September 27, 2003. The effects of the catastrophic M = 9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake of March 11, 2011 were identified in Primor’e in the far zone of the event. The empirical data are consistent with the results of modeling based on the seismological data. The coseismic variations in gravity are caused by the combined effect of the changes in the elevation of the observation point and crustal deformation.     

一种基于地震噪声等级的陆地重力观测资料评价方法

本文选取GS-15型、gPhone型、PET型和CG-5型等4种陆地重力观测常用的相对重力仪,对比这几种仪器在不同背景观测环境下和不同测评时长的地震噪声等级计算结果。综合分析结果显示:金属弹簧（gPhone型、GS-15型、PET型）与石英弹簧型（CG-5型）重力仪对环境噪声的敏感性存在一定差异,但取测评时长中最平静5天和最平静1天数据所计算的地震噪声等级结果相近。因此,对于流动重力观测点,可以取最平静1天的数据来评价观测点的环境噪声水平和观测精度,可为流动重力测点选址提供方法支撑。      

Synthetic tidal parameters for gravity over China and its neighbor area

The synthetic tidal parameters with high spatial resolution for gravity over China and its neighbor area are con- structed with Earth’s tidal model and ocean tide loading calculated using TPXO7 global ocean tide model as well as tidal data over China seas. The comparison between synthetic parameters and ones observed by spring gravime- ters at some seismic network stations and Hong Kong station and one observed by super-conducting gravimeter at Wuhan station shows that the average differences in amplitude factors and phases are smaller than 0.005 and 0.5° respectively; and that the discrepancies between observational and synthetic parameters are dependent on gravim- etric technique in that the synthetic parameters are in well agreement with the superconducting gravimetric obser- vations. This also indicates that the synthetic result is a good estimation for tidal gravity, and the numerical results in the present paper not only can provide ground and space gravimetry such as absolute gravimetry with correction model of tidal gravity, but also provide effective tidal parameters over areas where no observation is carried out.     

重力仪检定基线的建立及其误差讨论

1978年5月使用了18台精度较高的重力仪在南京和北京分别建立了地震系统的重力检定场.本文结合以上成果和有关重力比较测定的资料, 从分析格值变化的各种因素及其产生的误差入手, 说明仪器格值标定的重要性和具体要求, 提出了选建地震系统重力检定场的方法技术和减小格值误差、提高测量精度的可能途径.      

武昌重力潮汐基准研究

为了检验和完善理论地球模型和海潮模型,必须提高重力潮汐观测的精度。这除了提高仪器的精度以外,关键问题在于仪器的格值的准确性,因为它是衡量潮汐参数的尺度。但是,各种类型重力仪的出厂格值存在着误差,且各成系统,其系统偏差可达1％-2％。需要高精度的潮汐基准与之比较,统一和确定重力仪的格值。根据国际地潮中心的观测结果分析,布鲁塞尔潮汐基准系统可能偏大。因此,建立我国重力潮汐基准,对固体潮观测与研究具有重要意义。     

Frequency characteristics and far-field effect of gravity perturbation before earthquake

We used high-pass filtering and the Fourier transform to analyze tidal gravity data prior to five earthquakes from four superconducting gravity stations around the world. A stable gravitational perturbation signal is received within a few days before the earthquakes. The gravitational perturbation signal before the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 has main frequency of 0.1–0.3 Hz, and the other four have frequency bands of 0.12?0.17 Hz and 0.06?0.085 Hz. For earthquakes in continental and oceanic plate fault zones, gravity anomalies often appear on the superconducting gravimeters away from the epicenter, whereas the stations near the epicenter record small or no anomalies. The results suggest that this kind of gravitational perturbation signals correlate with earthquake occurrence, making them potentially useful earthquake predictors. The far-field effect of the gravitational perturbation signals may reveal the interaction mechanisms of the Earth’s tectonic plates. However, owing to the uneven distribution of gravity tide stations, the results need to be further confirmed in the future.     

Key elements of construction and exploitation of a land-based seismic-gravimetric complex

Creation of a seismic-gravimetric complex that can operate automatically for several years allows one to record the movements of the test masses of seismometers and gravimeters simultaneously in different frequency bands. The overlapping of these frequencies takes place in the region of tenths of a Hertz. The seismic-gravimetric complex contains two relative CG-5 gravimeters, one absolute A10 gravimeter, one three-component Ugra seismic station, one automatic meteorological station, and a two-frequency GPS receiver. The relative gravimeters are used as the basic instrument. For these devices the problem of displacement of the gravimeter scale “zero” was solved. To perform long-term monitoring observations using the seismic-gravimetric complex, a gravimetric observatory was built in the area with a low level of technogenic noises. As a result of the preliminary geophysical observations, it turned out that the informative parameter is a root-mean-square deviation of the measured gravity force values.