移动式平台稳性计算方法

移动式平台由于要计算其不同倾斜方向的稳性,工作量比常规船舶大得多。上海交通大学编制了移动式平台稳性计算程序系统。本文对其中的稳性横截曲线、风倾力臂横截曲线、静水力曲线和浮态的计算方法作简单的叙述,并给出了实例的计算结果和分析。     

圆筒型浮式生产储油平台稳性研究分析

针对圆筒型浮式生产储油平台,对其静稳性曲线做了分析研究,得到了圆筒型FPSO的稳性特点。根据平台实际作业情况,建立了一系列的典型装载工况,分别按照DNV和MARPOL公约稳性衡准的要求,对这些典型工况进行校核,同时得到满足稳性要求的许用重心高度曲线,给平台操作者提供了参考。经过计算,验证了圆筒型FPSO能同时满足DNV和MARPOL公约的稳性要求。最后对影响圆筒型FPSO稳性的主要因素做了分析研究,得到主要影响因素有主船体外形尺寸、装载工况、进水点位置、舱室划分与布置以及风倾力矩等。     

海洋平台导管架在运输、下水、就位中的稳性计算程序

本文提出了编制计算机程序来进行计算海洋平台导管架在运输、下水、就位中的浮态和稳性。该程序可对导管架在浮运和驳运系统中的浮态、完整稳性、破舱稳性及静水力曲线等进行分析和计算。通过对实例的验算,结果是准确的。该程序已能够为海洋石油开发事业服务。     

船舶随浪运动稳性仿真计算

本文利用Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ理论，研究了船舶在规则波浪运动的稳性；利用摄动理论，求解出船舶运动响应；并讨论了船舶横摇与垂荡运动频率、最大横摇角和波浪要素对稳性曲线ＧＺ的影响，以及流体动压力对稳性曲线的修正，从而给计算船舶在随浪中的稳性提供了一种方法。     

沉垫支承自升式钻井平台在漂浮状态下的稳性

根据沉垫支承自升式钻井平台的船型特征,本文讨论该类平台在漂浮状态下的几个稳性问题;任意风向风力作用下的完整稳性;在升降过程中沉垫与上船体的间隙的变化对平台稳性的影响;沉垫的存在对平台在波浪中的运动与稳性的影响。此外,还对若干与稳性衡准有关的问题进行了讨论。所得结果有助于设计者改善该类平台的稳性,有助于制订该类平台合理的操作指南,提高平台的使用安全性。     

船舶随浪运动隐性仿真计算

本文利用Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ理论，研究了船舶在规划波良运动的稳性；利用摄动理论，求解出船舶运动响应；并讨论了船舶横摇与垂荡运动频率、最大横摇角和波浪要素对稳性曲线ＧＺ的影响，以及流体动压力对稳性曲线的修正，从而给计算船舶在随浪中的稳性提供了一种。方法。     

不同MSS模型及其北极海冰干舷的多时空差异分析

基于2017年4月、2018年4月和2019年4月的CryoSat-2 L1B数据,比较分析了UCL13、DTU10、DTU13、DTU15和DTU18 5种不同平均海表面高度(MSS)模型及其反演的北极海冰干舷的多时空尺度差异。以UCL13为基准,对比分析不同MSS模型的差异和所反演的海冰干舷的差异,实验结果表明,不同MSS模型之间的平均绝对偏差范围为0.19～0.26 m,标准差范围为0.55～0.57 m,其中DTU18与UCL13的差异最小。以UCL13为基准,其他4种MSS模型反演的海冰干舷的平均绝对偏差为0.50～0.79 cm,标准差范围为1.17～1.74 cm。通过与冰桥计划(Operation IceBridge,OIB)机载数据相比,5种MSS模型反演的海冰干舷的相关系数范围为0.70～0.71,均方根误差范围为7.7～7.8 cm。故不同MSS模型之间的偏差对整个北极地区的海冰干舷反演的影响较小,偏差以相同的方式影响冰间水道和浮冰高度测量,因此相互抵消,但在冰间水道分布稀疏的区域,如加拿大群岛北部和拉普捷夫海区域,不同MSS模型反演的海冰干舷差异较大。     

适用于Ku波段雷达高度计海冰干舷高度反演的积雪校正方法

工作在Ku波段的Cryo Sat-2和Sentinel-3A合成孔径雷达高度计是当前最先进的高度计。由于雷达回波信号的实际时间跟踪点较预设的时间跟踪点总发生偏移,而且Ku波段波长短,进行海冰探测时易受雪层干扰,造成雷达信号主散射面由海冰表面上移至雪层内,这两个因素都影响着海冰干舷高度的反演精度。针对这些问题,本文首先确定了Cryo Sat-2与Sentinel-3A雷达高度计反演北极海冰干舷高度的最优波形重跟踪阈值组合,然后分析了这两个Ku波段雷达信号的雪层穿透系数,发现Ku波段高度计的主散射面受雪层的影响显著,会高估海冰干舷高度。基于此,文中提出了一种改进的积雪校正方法,并以机载Operation Ice Bridge(OIB)为验证数据,将本文提出的方法与通用积雪校正法和欧洲空间局(European Space Agency,ESA)海冰干舷高度产品进行了对比验证。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效估计Ku波段电磁波穿透海冰表面积雪深度的比例系数,显著校正了通用积雪校正方法存在的高估海冰干舷高度的问题,提高了海冰干舷高度的估算精度。     

黄河三角洲地基调查研究

本文是海洋大学地质系及河口所首次对黄河三角洲进行地基工程地质研究的成果。通过区域工程地质调查、钻探取样、现场标准贯入试验、十字板试验与实验室分析:静三轴和动三轴剪切试验、土工试验、粒度与粘土矿物分析以及结构研究等方法,测试了黄河口三角洲沉积物的工程特性(物理性质、水理性质和力学性质)、参数指标,并对其地基容许承载力、液化性、稳定性及地基处理加以评价。     

海洋粉质粘土在波浪荷载作用后的不排水抗剪强度衰化特性

通过对南海重塑粉质粘土土样的大量动三轴试验结果分析,得到此种土在波浪荷载作用后不捧水抗剪强度衰化同动载作用引起的动应变幅及平均累积孔压之间的相互关系和预估公式;并通过与超固结土样的静三轴剪切试验结果的比较,发现动、静三轴两种试验结果具有很好的吻合关系。建议可用超固结土样的静三轴剪切试验同时结合部分动三轴试验来预估土样在波浪荷载作用后不排水抗剪强度衰化与平均累积孔压之间的关系。     

Quantification of changes in current intensities induced by wave overtopping around low-crested structures

The phenomenon of overtopping is traditionally studied for well-emerged harbour structures and often focuses on safety and stability. In this paper laboratory tests are presented and analysed to sharpen the hypothesis that overtopping is capable of changing the horizontal circulation pattern around low-crested structures. A unique data set from laboratory experiments was acquired in the wave basin at Delft University of Technology. The experiments were performed using an emerged impermeable low-crested structure (three freeboards and three different wave conditions for each freeboard) and yielded nine different combinations of set-up and overtopping driving forces. Using this information it was possible to quantify the changes in cross-shore and longshore velocity induced by the overtopping and the set-up changes under the different freeboard and wave conditions described. It is found that overtopping enhances the outgoing flows (longshore velocities parallel to the structure) away from the lee side of the structure and dampens the water level gradient driven flow towards the structure.     

Air-floating towing behaviors of multi-bucket foundation platform

Air-floating towing beha viors of multi-bucket foundation plat form （MBFP） are investigated with the 1/20-scale model tests and hydrodynamic so ftware MOSES. MOSES numerical model was val idated by test results, and M OSES prototype model of MBFP can eliminate scale effect of model. The influences of towing factors of to wing speed, water depth, freeboard, and w ave direction on air-floating tow ing stability of MBFP were analyzed by model tests and validated MOSES prototype mod el. It is sho wn that the re duction of towing sp eed can effectively d ecrease the to wing force and surge acceleration to improve towing stability. Water depth is another f actor in towing s tability. Obvious shallow water effect will appear in shallow water with sma ll water depth-draft ratio and it w ill disappear gradually and air-floating towing becomes more stable with the increase of water depth. Accelerations of surge, s way and heave are small and they have modest changes when freeboard increases from 0.5 to 2 m. For MBFP, the freeboard is not suggested to be larger than 2 m in following wave. Wave direction has large influence on the towing stability, the surge acceleration and towing force are sensitive to the va riation of wave direction, the surge acceleration and towing force in following wave （0°） and counter wave （180°） are much larger than that in transverse sea （90°and 270°）.     

一种越浪式波能发电装置越浪量和波压力的试验研究

越浪式发电装置具有结构稳定、可靠性高等优点。在前人的研究基础上,对越浪式波能发电装置的模型进行了优化设计,通过模型实验研究了该波能发电装置在不同波况、不同干舷高度下对波能的俘获能力以及结构的受力情况。对越浪量的试验结果进行了无量纲分析,分别得出了越浪式模型装置的越浪量关于干舷高度和波高的指数函数拟合曲线,总结了两者对越浪量影响的普遍规律。通过对规则波和不规则波波浪作用下装置受力结果的归纳总结,探讨了波能装置波压力和浮托力变化的一般规律。本研究可为越浪式波能发电装置的研究提供参考依据,为波浪能的利用提供一定的参考价值。     

Evolution of wave shape over a low-crested structure

This paper investigates the evolution of wave shape over a low-crested structure (LCS) using a 2-D RANS-VOF model. The model predictions of surface elevation and wave skewness and asymmetry are in good agreement with the recent measurements collected in a small scale wave channel at the University of Cantabria (UCA). The empirical formulae relating wave skewness and asymmetry to local Ursell number by Peng et al. (2009) have been extended to include the effect of wave reflection and the ramp in front of LCS and a wider range of Ursell number in the present study. In the presence of LCS, wave skewness decreases slightly above the seaward slope, then increases rapidly up to a maximum value above the structure crest, and decreases drastically above the leeward slope. Wave asymmetry decreases sharply above the seaward slope to a negative minimum value at the structure crest, and then increases rapidly to a positive value above the leeward slope. Our bispectral analysis indicates that sum interactions increase skewness and decrease asymmetry while difference interactions have opposite effects and that the former dominate above the seaward slope and on the structure crest but the latter dominate above the leeward slope of LCS. The observed wave shape evolution over a LCS can be attributed to the changes in the interplay of sum and difference interactions. We found that incident wave height and wave period, relative structure freeboard, structure crest width and structure porosity are the controlling factors for wave shape evolution over LCS. This study provides new insights on the role of wave skewness and asymmetry in the breakwaters stability and sediment transport around the structure and on the beaches behind it.     

东海陆架区 Brunt-Väisälä 频率空－时变化分析

Phillips (1966)指出，Brunt-V?is?l? 频率的分布是海洋中最重要的动力学特征之一。它是研究海水内部运动的一个重要参数，特别是关于海洋内波的研究。Brunt-V?is?l? 频率又称静态稳定性频率，更确切地应称作浮力频率，因为它与分层流体中作绝热移动的流体元的浮力变化相联系。Brunt-V?is?l? 频率(以下缩写成B. V. f.) 记作N。 根据B. V. f. 分布特征研究海水结构及动力学特性的论述颇多，但绝大多数侧重于深海大洋的研究，且时常将其上层撇开，从而可求得一个比较简单的解析式，这显然是由于海洋上层较其下层复杂的缘故。对于浅海陆架的情形，研究得比较少。前田明夫(1974)曾根据日本近岸(5公里以内)三个观测站上1-3天的观测资料，分析研究了日本近海上层海洋短周期海水温度起伏的动力学特性。本文试图对我国东海陆架浅海B.V.f.的空间分布和时间变化特征作一探讨。     

不同结构形式潜堤上的随机波浪运动

潜堤在海岸保护和促潍保淤中具有重要的意义。工程效益和经济投入受到潜堤结构形式和高度的影响。基于RANS方程和流体体积（VOF）方法的模型,计算不同潜堤上的波浪运动。潜堤形式包括矩形结构、梯形结构、半圆结构和槽形结构。模拟了不规则波越堤时波浪的破碎特征、破波类型以及波高的变化。通过分析流场和波高分布的变化,得到潜堤上波能散耗的规律,并且得出最优潜堤结构形式。讨论了相对堤顶高度、破碎点位置、相对堤顸宽度、波陡和潜堤结构形式等对波能耗散的影响。     

轻质硬壳海堤断面设计初探

从海堤本身角度看，坝体过重与填料松散是影响其稳定性的主要因素，因此轻质硬壳堤坝是一种很好的选择。该结构采用高强度材料作为外壳，以松散材料填充坝体。根据受力特性、构造要求、施工条件及抗滑稳定条件拟解决结构断面设计的一些基本问题，并结合实例通过对比计算分析，说明轻质硬壳海堤比传统海堤具有更高的整体稳定性。     

Predictions on Irregular Wave run-up and Overtopping

A series of hydraulic model tests are carried out to investigate random wave run-up and overtopping on smooth, impermeable single slope and composite slope. Based on analysis of the influences of wave steepness, structure slope, incident wave angle, width of the berm and water depth on the berm and the wave run-up, empirical formulas for wave run-up on dike are proposed. Moreover, empirical formula on estimating the wave run-up on composite slope with multiple berms is presented for practical application of complex dike cross-section. The present study shows that the influence factors for wave overtopping are almost the same as those for wave run-up and the trend of the wave overtopping variation with main influence parameters is also similar to that for wave run-up. The trend of the wave overtopping discharge variations can be well described by two main factors, i.e. the wave run-up and the crest freeboard of the structure. A new prediction method for wave overtopping discharge is proposed for random waves. The proposed prediction formulas are applied to case study of over forty cases and the results show that the prediction methods are good enough for practical design purposes.     

沉箱式防波堤静力与动力稳定性设计体型分析

将沉箱式防波堤滑移和倾覆稳定性设计方法分为三类：静力设计方法、不允许沉箱出现滑移和摇摆角的动力设计方法、控制沉箱滑移量和摇摆角的动力设计方法。建立了满足给定抗滑和抗倾安全系数条件下，按静力设计方法确定沉箱尺度的控制方程，研究了波浪条件和安全系数取值对沉箱长宽比的影响。通过动力数值计算分析了沉箱长宽比对沉箱滑移量和摇摆角的影响，并与传统静力设计理论进行了比较，讨论了控制沉箱滑移量和摇摆角的动力设计方法的可行性。