水平荷载作用下群桩相互作用的弹塑性数值分析

本文利用三维弹塑性有限元法对水平荷载作用下群桩基础特性进行了分析,讨论了群桩基础水平荷载作用下的承载性状和破坏机理,并探讨了桩距、桩数、桩长、桩径和土质各种因素对群桩效应的影响,指出桩距和桩数是影响群桩效应的主要因素.     

群桩效应有限元分析

利用有限元方法,对竖向荷载作用下复合桩基的群桩效应进行了计算分析,讨论了桩长L、桩距与桩径之比Sa/d、桩数n、土类等对群桩效应及群桩效应系数η的影响。结果表明：复合桩基中各个基桩的极限承载力Qu及η随L增大而增大;当Sa/d小于某个数值时,Qu,η随Sa/d增大而增大;当Sa/d大于某个数值时,Qu,η随Sa/d增大而减小。群桩效应及η与土类有关;η存在极大值,随n增多而减小,但减幅不大。     

水平荷载作用下群桩计算方法分析

通过分析研究国内外各种水平荷载下群桩计算方法,在Ｆｏｃｈｔ－Ｋｏｃｈ－Ｐｏｕｌｏｓ综合法的基础上,不考虑群桩基础中后桩对胶桩的弹性作用,并结合桩基规范,提出了能够考虑群桩效应和群桩中各种桩荷载分担比的改进公式,可供水平力作用下的桩基工程设计时参考。     

现浇薄壁管桩水平受力特性三维弹塑性有限元分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元模型,对水平荷载作用下现浇薄壁管桩(简称PCC桩)受力特性进行数值模拟和分析,并与试验结果进行比较,验证了模型的合理性。利用该模型对桩长、桩径以及桩身相对刚度等影响桩受力特性的主要因素进行分析,结果表明：桩径一定的情况下,桩长对桩的破坏形式有很大的影响,弹性桩与刚性桩临界点的长径比为8左右,且弹性桩的受力主要集中在桩的上部,约为0.3倍桩长;桩径对侧向位移和弯矩都有很大影响,桩径越大,桩侧向位移越小,而最大弯矩值越大,且最大弯矩点下移;在一定程度上,提高桩体强度,有利于提高桩的抗水平变形能力,但当增加到一定程度时,效果并不十分明显。     

水平受荷壁板桩群桩的变分法分析

将壁板桩桩身水平位移用有限级数函数表示,地基土体的荷载位移关系用Mindlin点对点的位移解表示,同时考虑桩前水平土阻抗力和桩侧水平摩阻力沿桩周分布的不均匀性,采用双重高斯数值积分法将基于变分原理建立的壁板桩群桩体系的总势能展开为简单的矩阵形式方程,并根据最小势能原理得到水平受荷壁板桩群桩荷载位移关系的显式解答。与三维有限元方法计算结果的对比验证了所提出解答的合理性。     

水平荷载作用下PCC桩复合地基工作性状

利用河海大学岩土所自行研制开发的大型试验模型槽进行PCC桩水平承载足尺试验,实测得到了水平荷载作用下桩身弯矩分布。利用三维弹塑性有限元方法,研究了PCC单桩与等截面实心圆桩、PCC桩复合地基与等截面实心圆桩复合地基在水平荷载作用下的工作性状,对其桩身弯矩和水平位移的分布规律进行了比较,分析了竖向荷载、褥垫层厚度、基础埋深和置换率对PCC桩复合地基桩身性状的影响。研究表明,PCC桩复合地基在水平荷载作用下,随着竖向荷载、褥垫层厚度、基础埋深和置换率的增加,其桩身弯矩和水平位移随之减小。因此,在PCC桩复合地基设计时可以通过适度调整这些影响参数来减小水平荷载作用下的桩身弯矩和水平位移,确保桩身的安全。     

承台外区土阻力群桩效应及效应系数的有限元分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元方法,对复合桩基承台外区土阻力群桩效应及其效应系数进行了研究,讨论了土类、桩长、桩距、桩数等对承台外区土阻力群桩效应及其群桩效应系数的影响,结果表明(1)承台外区土阻力随承台宽与桩长之比 (B/L)的增大而增大,但增幅不大;随桩距S增大而增大;受桩数n的影响不大。(2)承台外区群桩效应系数随B/L增大几乎无变化;随S增大而增大;不随n变化而变化。(3)承台外区群桩效应系数与土类有关。     

水平荷载作用下群桩效应中P因子的理论研究

在桩基础中,当群桩受水平力作用时,如果群桩间距小于8倍桩径,则群桩水平力不等于各单桩水平力之和,在以往的研究中通常都是用实验来得到各桩水平力的较小值,P因子则是反映群桩承载力的典型方法,但是在这方面理论研究比较小,通过总结和分析以往的实验数据,对P因子做出了总结,得到了理论公式,对群桩水平承载力的研究起到了推动的作用。     

壁板桩群桩竖直荷载沉降关系的变分法分析

将壁板桩桩身竖向位移用有限级数函数表示,地基土体的荷载位移关系用Mindlin点对点的位移解表示,同时考虑壁板桩桩身剪应力沿其周边以及桩底法向应力沿桩底面分布的不均匀性,采用双重高斯数值积分法将基于变分原理建立的壁板桩群桩体系的总势能展开为简单的矩阵形式方程,并根据最小势能原理得到壁板桩群桩竖直荷载沉降关系的显式解答。与近似三维分析方法计算结果的对比验证了所提出解答的合理性,也展示了其计算速度更快,计算存储量要求更低的优点。     

地震荷载下长短桩复合地基的群桩效应系数分析

长短桩复合地基中,地震发生时,短桩在降低长桩所受剪力和弯矩影响中起到重要作用。本研究对弹性地基中的钢管桩基础实行了静态有限元分析,以及动态离心模型试验,通过桩径、桩长、桩间距等参数进行剪切波速,长桩剪力弯矩的对比分析,得到一种新的水平向群桩效应系数计算方法,并通过对模型建筑物的模拟,验证了该方法的有效性与实用性。结果表明,静态有限元数值模拟分析和离心模型试验结果有较好拟合,不同震级作用下通过该方法均能给出较为合理的系数。本文结果可为长短桩复合桩基的抗震性能提供重要参考,实际工程中,通过调整桩径,桩长,短桩数量等参数,可以提出更为合理的设计施工方案。     

3D Elastic Solutions for Laterally Loaded Discs: Generalised Brazilian and Point Load Tests

This paper investigates the application of a double Fourier series technique to the construction of an elastic stress field in a cylindrical bar subject to lateral boundary loads. The lateral loads, including the constant load boundary conditions, are represented by two Fourier series: one on the perimeter of the circular section (r ₀, θ) and the other on the longitudinal curved surface parallel to the bar axis (z). The technique invokes acceptable potential functions of the Papkovich–Neuber displacement field, satisfying the governing partial differential equations, to assign appropriate odd and even trigonometric Fourier terms in cylindrical coordinates (r, θ, z). The generic solution decomposes the problem of interest to a state of stress caused by two independent boundary conditions along the z axis and θ-polar angle, both superimposed on a solution for which these potentials are the product of the trigonometric terms of the independent variables (θ, z). Constants appearing in the resultant second-order partial differential equations are determined from the generally mixed (tractions and/or displacements) boundary conditions. While the solutions are satisfied exactly at the ends of an infinite bar, they are satisfied weakly on average, in the light of Saint Venant’s approximation at the two ends of a finite bar. The application of the proposed analysis is verified against available elastic solutions for axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric engineering problems such as the indirect Brazilian Tensile Strength and Point Load Strength tests.     

Effect of Edge Distance from the Slope Crest on the Response of a Laterally Loaded Pile in Sloping Ground

Compared to the field tests, the numerical modelling is an economical way to analyze the response of laterally loaded piles in sloping grounds. This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element analysis to investigate the effect of edge distance from the slope crest of a laterally loaded pile embedded in the sloping ground for different slope angles and pile lengths. The results show that the pile top displacement and the bending moment in the pile decrease with an increase in the edge distance, whereas they increase as the slope angle is increased. The response of the pile in sloping ground is compared with its response in the level ground. The comparison is used to develop a simple methodology for estimating the pile top displacement and the maximum bending moment for any edge distance from the slope crest considering their values for level ground.     

现浇薄壁管桩复合地基非线性有限元分析

现浇薄壁管桩是处理大面积软土地基的一项新技术,目前已在沿海软土地区高速公路建设中得到了一定的应用,但其产生的时间较短,开展的研究相对较少,利用Plaxis岩土工程有限元软件对现浇薄壁管桩（PCC桩）的工作特性、荷载传递规律及其影响因素、加固机理等方面进行了详细的分析,结果表明,桩外壁摩阻力随桩深近乎呈线性分布,桩内壁摩擦力只在桩下端一定长度内有所发挥,桩芯土体具有较好的闭塞效应,研究成果具有较大的指导意义.     

水平荷载下单片地下连续墙基础的应变楔模型分析法

近年来单片地下连续墙被广泛运用于桥梁工程和高层建筑中,但其大部分研究均集中于单片地下连续墙的竖向承载性能试验研究和理论分析,只进行了少量单片墙的水平承载性能试验研究.通过应变楔模型把墙与土之间复杂的三维接触特性简化为一维的弹性地基梁中所需土体的参数,然后按照弹性地基梁的理论计算墙的内力和变形,利用室内模型试验实测数据验证了该算法的合理性.可为类似工程提供依据.     

The P-y Response of Laterally Loaded Flexible Piles in Residual Soil

This paper describes the main features related to lateral displacements with depth after successive lateral loading–unloading cycles applied to the top of reinforced-concrete flexible bored piles embedded in naturally bonded residual soil. The bored piles under study have a cylindrical shape, with 0.40-m in diameter and 8.0-m in length. Both bored piles types (P1 and P2) include an embedded steel pipe section in their center as longitudinal steel reinforcements: pile type P1 has another 16 steel rods as steel reinforcement to concrete while pile type P2 has no further steel reinforcement. Pile type P1 has three times as much stiffness (EI) and four and a half times the plastic moment (M_y) than pile type P2. A similar load–displacement performance was observed at initial loads as for small displacements of both piles. At this initial loading stage, the response of the reinforced concrete piles is a function of the soil characteristics and of a linear elastic pile deformation. During this stage, piles can even be understood as probes for evaluating soil reactions. For larger horizontal displacements, after the concrete section starts undergoing large deformations, approaching the ultimate bending moment, pile behavior and consequently the load–displacement relation starts to diverge for both piles. For pile P1 the values of relevant lateral displacements are extended to about 2.5-m in depth, while for pile P2 lateral displacements are mostly constrained to about 2.0-m in depth. Measurements of horizontal displacements of pile P1 against depth recorded with a slope indicator show that, after unloading, lateral loads at distinct stages (small and near failure loads), exhibits a much higher elastic phase of the system response. An analytical fitting model of soil reaction is proposed based on the measured displacements from slope indicator. The integration of a continuous model proposed for the soil reaction agrees fairly well with the measured displacements up to moments close to plastic limit. Results of load–displacement show that the stiffer pile (P1) was able to mobilize twice as much lateral load compared to pile P2 for a service limit displacement of about 20 mm. The paper shows results that enable the isolation of the structural variable through real scale pile load tests, thus granting understanding of its importance and enabling its quantitative visualization in examples of piles embedded in residual soil sites.

     

3D Seismic Stability Analysis of Bench Slope with Pile Reinforcement

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Pile reinforcement has been widely applied to ensure the stability of slopes. However, few investigations have been conducted on multi-stage or bench...     

Mechanical Behaviour of Laterally Loaded Large-Diameter Steel Tubular Piles Embedded in Soft Rock

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - As a part of studies on cantilever type large-diameter steel tubular pipe retaining walls embedded into stiff ground, single pile lateral loading tests...     

冻土中锥形桩-土大变形有限元数值分析

应用冻土的粘弹塑本构力学模型,采用温度场与冻土大变形耦合作用的方法,编制了能够模拟寒区冻土大变形的本构有限元程序;并通过用户子程序嵌入到大型商业有限元软件ADINA中,对冻土中锥形桩室内模型试验进行了变形场和温度场耦合的有限元数值模拟.有限元计算结果和模型试验结果非常接近,并且两者的规律性也相同,验证了耦合温度自由度的粘弹塑本构力学模型的正确性和可靠性,表明应用有限元分析方法可为寒区冻土中锥形桩基工程设计提供参考.     

3D mine pillar design information from 2D FEM analysis

This paper described a technique for obtaining three-dimensional mine design information using a two-dimensional finite element program where the mining geometry consists of an extensive array of underground rooms and pillars. The technique is based upon a simple augmentation of forces in a two-dimensional analysis to produce the same average pillar stress that would occur in a full three dimensional analysis. Detailed comparisons between a three-dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional analysis (plane stress and plane strain) and an augmented two-dimensional analysis (also plane stress and plane strain) of stress about a typical coal mine pillar are presented. A local factor of safety is defined and then mapped over the pillar midplane, the immediate roof and immediate floor using the results from the full three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons of roof and pillar safety factor distributions obtained by the three-dimensional, two-dimensional and augmented two-dimensional analyses show that the minimum safety factors in the pillar (at the pillar sides) are predicted quite closely by the augmented two-dimensional techniqe (plane stress). The same is true of the immediate roof, although the three-dimensional safety factor tends to be higher in the roof (over the room) than that calculated by the augmented twodimensional technique. The augmented loading procedure appears to hold considerable promise as a very efficient and cost reducing techniqe for mine pillar design.