Geochemistry and Depositional Setting of Fort Munro Formation, Middle and Lower Indus Basins, Pakistan

INTRODUCTION Theinteractionofcomplextectonicphasesinthe IndusbasinduringtheCretaceoushasimpartedascal lopedoutlineinthesedimentarysequences.Thedevel opmentofdiversifiedsedimentaryformationsduringthe Cretaceousensuresexcellentsources(SembarandGoru formations)andreservoirs(MoghalKotandPabfor mations)forhydrocarbons.Numerousplaysandpros pectsofhydrocarbonareassociatedwiththeCretaceous system,consequentlytheIndusbasinisattractiveto petroleumexplorationcompaniesinPakistan(Sheikh andNa…     

内蒙古固阳绿岩带条带状铁建造地球化学特征与沉积环境讨论

Algoma型条带状铁建造(BIF)是一种海相化学沉积岩,它发育在太古宙绿岩带的火山-沉积岩序列中,大部分经历了后期变质变形作用。稀土元素具有稳定的地球化学性质,因而被广泛用于指示BIF的原始沉积环境。华北克拉通北缘固阳绿岩带中的BIF(如三合明、公益明、东五分子、公巨成等)赋存于新太古代色尔腾山群的变火山-沉积序列中,普遍经历了绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变质,呈条带状构造,其主要矿物组成为自形—半自形粒状磁铁矿和他形粒状石英,含少量角闪石,局部地区可见石榴石、绿泥石、斜长石等富Al矿物。根据BIF中惰性元素的含量及其相关性,可划分为纯净的BIF和遭受碎屑物质混染的BIF,并通过特征的Co/Th比值判断出这些碎屑物质主要来自于玄武质岩石。纯净及遭受轻微碎屑物质混染的BIF稀土元素特征通过后太古宙页岩(PAAS)标准化后,与现代海水及其他地区典型太古宙BIF相似,均表现为轻稀土相对重稀土亏损,正La、Y异常以及较高的Y/Ho比值(29)。大多数样品发育不明显的负Ce_(PAAS)异常,说明BIF沉淀自缺氧的环境;正Eu_(PAAS)异常明显,说明海水中有高温(250℃)热液的加入,其比例为0~10%。然而,遭受强烈碎屑物质混染的BIF稀土元素特征则具有明显差异。此种类型BIF的出现及分布不均,指示了在BIF沉积之前的局部地区或时间段内,深部海水处于相对动荡的环境。     

新疆库鲁克塔格成矿带主要矿床类型及成矿系列划分

库鲁克塔格是新疆前寒武纪出露较全的地区,然而该区区域成矿规律研究程度非常低.通过对研究区已有资料进行总结分析,系统阐述研究区矿床类型,并对其成矿系列进行划分.研究区从太古代到早古生代形成了7个主要的岩浆构造演化阶段:古太古代陆核形成阶段(3.3~3.0 Ga)、新太古代-古元古代陆壳增生改造阶段(2.6~2.3 Ga)、古元古代中晚期陆壳改造阶段(2.1~1.8 Ga)、中元古代晚期-新元古代早期造山运动阶段(1.1~0.86 Ga)、新元古代中期后碰撞伸展阶段(830~800 Ma)、新元古代中晚期陆内裂解阶段(770~600 Ma)和早古生代造陆运动阶段.成矿作用主要发生在古元古代、新元古代及早古生代.依据各构造演化阶段、含矿建造特征及矿床成因特征,将库鲁克塔格成矿作用类型总结为以下6个主要成矿系列,即形成于古元古代陆壳增生改造环境下的Fe-P-Cu-Au系列、新元古代俯冲碰撞环境下的Cu-Au系列、新元古代后碰撞环境下的Cu-Mo-Au-Fe-P-REE系列、新元古代裂解环境下的Cu-Ni系列、早古生代沉积盆地中Ag-V-Mo-Au-U-P系列和早古生代俯冲岛弧环境下的Cu-Au系列.      

Geochemistry of Middle Triassic Radiolarian Cherts from Northern Thailand:Implication for Depositional Environment

Geochemical analysis reveals that Middle Triassic radiolarian cherts from northern Thailand,including Chiang Dao,Lamphun and Den Chai,are of biogenic origin.These cherts present slightly high SiO2 content which was possibly modified by diagenetic alteration and migration processes as indicated by negative correlation between SiO2 and most of the other major elements.The relatively high content of Cr,Zr,Hf,Rb and Th and high positive correlation of these elements with Al and Ti from the majority of cherts su...     

新疆库鲁克塔格前寒武纪地块岩浆热事件及构造演化

库鲁克塔格地块是新疆前寒武系出露较全、保存较完好地块。通过对前人岩浆活动定年工作总结,进行岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析,构建库鲁克塔格岩浆活动序列及构造演化格架。库鲁克塔格地块前后经历了4次构造岩浆运动,前3次较强烈,具区域变质、变形、岩浆侵入及地形隆起特征,第4次构造运动主要为隆起和沉积缺失。具体划分为7个阶段:古太古代陆核形成阶段(3.6~3.3 Ga);陆壳增生改造阶段(2.6~2.3 Ga);古元古代陆壳改造阶段(2.1~1.8 Ga);中元古代晚期—新元古代早期造山运动阶段(1.1~0.86 Ga);新元古代中期造山后伸展阶段(830~800 Ma);新元古代中晚期陆内裂解阶段(770~630 Ma)和显生宙造陆运动。     

Geochemistry of Carboniferous Sandstones (Sardar Formation), East‐Central Iran: Implication for Provenance and Tectonic Setting

Geochemical analysis of sandstones from the Sardar Formation (from two stratigraphic successions) in east-central Iran were used for identification of geochemical characterization of sandstones, provenance and tectonic setting. Sandstones in the two lithostratigraphic successions have similar chemical compositions suggesting a common provenance. Bulk-rock geochemistry analysis of Carboniferous sandstones from Sardar Formation indicates that they are mainly quartz dominated and are classified as quartzarenites, sublitharenites and subarkoses, derived from acid igneous to intermediate igneous rocks. Discrimination function analysis indicates that the sandstones of Sardar Formation were derived from quartzose sedimentary provenance in a recycled orogenic setting. Also, major and trace elements in sandstones of Sardar Formation (e.g., K2O/Na2O vs. SiO2) indicate deposition in a stable passive continental margin (PM). Chemical index of alteration (CIA) for these rocks (> 65%) suggests a moderate to relatively high degree of weathering in the source area.     

地球化学在物源及沉积背景分析中的应用

物源分析是盆地分析和古地理分析不可或缺的内容和方法,地球化学在物源及沉积背景分析中起着非常重要的作用。运用文献研究法对“地球化学在物源及沉积背景分析中的应用”有关文献进行了研究,分析阐述了常量元素分析、稀土一微量元素分析以及裂变径迹、K—Ar、Ar-Ar、Rb—Sr、Sm—Nd、UPb、Re-Os、S、0、Si同位素分析等方法及其优势与不足。结果表明：常量元素、稀土一微量元素分析在源区物质组成、构造背景、源区风化强度、成分成熟度及氧化一还原条件判别方面有很好的应用效果;各种同位素分析体系在不同目的的研究中具有自身优势,均得到了很好的应用。但影响岩石化学成分的因素较多,特别是对于沉积岩,很容易受外生营力的影响;物源及沉积背景分析中的地球化学方法运用单一;对研究区区域地质情况的研究不足。为此,建议在利用地球化学方法进行物源及沉积背景分析时,需要充分认识影响碎屑沉积物化学组成的因素,综合运用多种方法进行物源区分析,扬长补短,同时要特别注意对区域地质情况的研究。     

东天山红柳河地区海西期花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及其构造环境

东天山红柳河地区分布着大量的海西期花岗岩体,从早到晚,依次为河西站岩体、红柳河岩体、河西岩体和天湖岩体,主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和斜长花岗岩,河西站和红柳河花岗岩的岩相学和地球化学具有S型花岗岩的特征,而河西岩体和天湖岩体显示出I型花岗岩特征,河西花岗岩微量元素含量最低,具Eu弱正异常,类似于adakite岩地球化学特点;其他花岗岩微量元素含量高,具Eu负异常,与洋脊花岗岩相比,该区花岗岩不同程度地富集K2O、Rb、Ba、Th和Ce,亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf、Y、Yb等,河西花岗岩、河西站和红柳河花岗岩、天湖花岗岩分别具有火山弧、同碰撞才碰撞后花岗岩特点,河西花岗岩和其他花岗岩分别起源于先前存在的大洋拉斑玄武岩残片和古老地壳岩石的部分熔融,这些花岗岩均形成于陆内造山环境,与东天山海西晚期地壳-岩石圈的挤压和伸展作用有关。     

西天山塔尔得套地区乌郎组地球化学特征和构造环境

新疆尼勒克县塔尔得套地区二叠纪火山岩产于伊犁微板块中,为陆相火山岩,主要岩性为玄武岩和流纹岩,具双峰式火山岩系组合特征。基性火山岩属高钾钙碱系列,轻微富集LREE,HREE分馏较明显((Gd/Yb)N=1.52~2.68),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。流纹岩的Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.33),在微量元素蛛网图上,流纹岩除了具LILE富集和HFSE亏损特征外,Sr,P,Ti等元素的强烈亏损。稀土元素和微量元素特征表明火山岩形成于大陆拉张环境,处于裂谷演化的早期阶段。     

Geochemical Constraints of Sediments on the Provenance, Depositional Environment and Tectonic Setting of the Songliao Prototype Basin

The geochemistry of sediments is primarily controlled by their provenances, and different tectonic settings have distinctive provenance characteristics and sedimentary processes. So, it is possible to discriminate provenances, depositional environments and tectonic settings in the development of a sedimentary basin with the geochemistry of the clastic rocks. The analytical results of the present paper demonstrate that sediments in the Songliao prototype basin are enriched in silica (SiO2=66.48-80.51 %), and their ΣREE are 30-130 dmes of that of chondrite with remarkable Eu anomalies. In discriminating diagrams of Eu/Eu vs eeeeeREE and (La/Yb)N vs ΣREE, most samples locate above the line Eu/ Eu=l, on the right of the line Eu/Eu/ΣREE=1 and under the line La/Yb)N/eeeeeREE=1/8, which indicates that the depositional environment of sediments in the basin was oxidizing. In addition, variations of MgO, TiO2, A12O3, FeO+Fe2O3, Na2O and CaO vs SiO2 reflect a tendency of increasing mineral maturity of sediments     

扬子陆块西缘四川黎溪地区约1.5 Ga变辉长岩与Columbia超大陆裂解

扬子陆块西缘黎溪—菜子园—通安地区前寒武纪地质体分布广泛,是探讨扬子陆块前寒武纪地质演化的重要载体。对会理黎溪地区变辉长岩开展岩石学、全岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb定年研究。结果显示,黎溪变辉长岩形成于1508±21 Ma;在岩石地球化学组成上,它们属于亚碱性拉斑岩石系列,总体上略微富集轻稀土元素,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等无明显亏损,大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr等不同程度富集。通过岩石成因分析认为,岩浆在上升过程中经历了一定程度的分离结晶作用,但并未受到明显的地壳混染,母岩浆可能来自软流圈地幔。地球化学和区域地质特征综合分析表明,黎溪变辉长岩与富集洋中脊型玄武岩的地球化学特征相似,可能形成于洋中脊及附近的海山环境,是Columbia超大陆裂解在扬子陆块的响应。     

拉萨地块北部白垩纪多尼组火山岩的地球化学:形成的构造环境

拉萨地块上广泛分布有中生代的岩浆活动, 研究它们对于认识特提斯构造域的演化和理解整个青藏高原的形成过程有着重要的启示.对出露于拉萨地块北部的白垩纪多尼组火山岩进行了系统的年代学以及元素地球化学研究, 达过和马跃乡地区的多尼组火山岩主体为酸性岩, 包括少量的玄武岩和玄武安山岩(中基性岩).火山岩的地球化学组成表明多尼组中基性岩具有高的Cr (平均为184×10-6) 和Ni (平均为43×10-6), 富集强不相容性元素Rb、Th、U, 而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti的特点, 显示明显的弧火山岩成分特征, 可能来源于具有较厚陆壳背境下的大陆边缘地幔楔的部分熔融; 而酸性岩具有相对高的SiO₂、K₂O、K₂O/Na₂O以及低的Mg# (最大值为32.4), 富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba以及Th、U、LREE等, 具有很高的Rb/Sr (1.06~4.47, 平均为2.73), 并且与拉萨地块南部林子宗群酸性火山岩具有非常相似的蛛网图曲线, 表明多尼组酸性岩与中基性岩可能来自不同的岩浆源区, 前者很可能来源于上覆地壳的部分熔融.通过对两个酸性岩样品中锆石的U-PbLA-ICPMS定年, 分别获得了116±1Ma和115±1Ma的年龄值, 显示多尼组火山岩形成于早白垩世中期.该地区多尼组火山岩形成的构造环境仍然存在两种可能性, 其一是新特提斯班公湖-怒江洋岩石圈向南俯冲导致了该火山岩的产生; 其二可能是早白垩世该地段的构造伸展作用导致加厚地壳的广泛部分熔融形成酸性火山岩, 并伴随陆下地幔的熔融事件产生的少量中基性火山岩.      

松辽盆地开鲁坳陷钱家店地区姚家组砂岩地球化学特征及物源和构造背景分析

为了开展钱家店铀矿床砂岩型铀矿的进一步找矿工作,对采集到的上白垩统姚家组19件砂岩样品进行了主、微量和稀土元素分析,并结合前人成果,对姚家组的沉积物源及源岩构造背景进行了探讨。结果表明,姚家组砂岩主要为长石砂岩,矿物成分主要为石英、钾长石和斜长石等;其轻重稀土比为6.96~14.66,均值为10.17;LaN/YbN为7.58~20.95,均值为11.74,说明轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素明显富集,分馏明显。稀土元素配分模式曲线高度一致,也表明姚家组砂岩具有同源性;其ICV值为0.86~2.78,平均值1.34,大部分大于1,表现为未成熟的性质,为初次旋回的沉积物;修正后的CIA均值62.5,暗示源岩经历中等化学风化作用;砂岩碎屑为近源的第一次旋回沉积物,受沉积分选和再循环作用影响不大;姚家组源岩以火山弧物质和大陆上地壳长英质物质为主,源岩主要形成于大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境;开鲁坳陷形成于早白垩世随着古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲速度的减小而在东北地区出现的北西-南东向拉张构造环境中,并接受盆地西部大兴安岭南段海西期和燕山期岩浆岩、火山岩沉积。     

Neoproterozoic Banded Iron Formation in the Central Tianshan, NW China: The Shalong Example

正Objective Banded Iron Formations(BIFs)are ferruginous chemical sedimentary rocks that precipitated throughout the Precambrain,which constitute the most important iron resources in the world.The majority of BIFs were developed in the Neoarchean and early Paleoproterozoic periods(3.2–1.8 Ga),which are well known and have been     

贺兰山中南段奥陶系米钵山组的沉积环境与构造背景分析

贺兰山中南段奥陶系米钵山组的岩石地球化学研究表明,其砂岩SiO2平均含量为75.18%;Al2O3为6.26%～14.36%,变化范围不大,但含量较高;TiO2/MnO值为3.05～58.00,变化范围较大。K2O /Na2O 值0.63～9.13。页岩SiO2含量在68.77%～77.50%之间,TiO2/MnO值与Al2O3/MnO值都比较高,分别为21.30～51.00及大于450.00。Na2O含量偏低,部分样品<0.01%,K2O含量偏高(3.05%～4.03%),TiO2与CaO含量接近正常水平。砂岩稀土元素总量较高,在144.80×10-6～170.57×10-6之间,LREE/HREE值为9.68～16.49,δEu为1.01～1.31,具弱的正铕异常,无Ce负异常或负异常不明显;砂岩微量元素Ni、V、Cu、Pb、Ba特别是Cr的丰度大大高于上地壳丰度。Sr及成矿元素Zn、Ga低于地壳丰度,V/(V+Ni)与Ce/La值均较高,这些数据说明本区沉积于还原、湿热环境,具有大陆型沉积特征。通过多种相关图解,均反映其物源形成于大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘带的构造背景。     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Radiolarian Cherts of the Mada’er Area, Southwestern Tianshan: Implications for Depositional Environment

In the southwestern Tianshan,the geologic ages of many strata and their depositional environments are still poorly constrained because of complex structures.The Mada'er area is located in the Kuokesaleling belt,Southwestern Tianshan.The cherts from the former Wupata'erkan Group contain abundant radiolarian fossils,including 10 species which are identified as late Devonian to early Carboniferous in age.Eleven chert samples have SiO_2 contents ranging from 88.80 wt%to 93.28 wt%, and 2.02 wt%to 3.72 wt%for ...     

Paleoproterozoic Nb-enriched meta-gabbros in the Quanji Massif,NW China:Implications for assembly of the Columbia supercontinent

Diverse models have been proposed for the role of the Tarim Craton within the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent assembly. Here we report a suite of-1.71 Ga Nb-enriched meta-gabbro lenses in the eastern Quanji Massif, within the Tarim Craton in NW China. The meta-gabbroic rocks have Nb contents of 11.5-16.4 ppm with Nb/La ratios varying from 0.84 to 1.02((Nb/La)_N = 0.81-0.98) and Nb/U ratios from 38.0 to 47.2. They show low SiO_2(45.1-48.5 wt.%) and MgO(5.96-6.81 wt.%) and Mg#(Mg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 43.5-47.7), high FeO~t(13.0-15.7 wt.%) and moderate Ti02(1.70-2.51 wt.%).with tholeiitic affinities. These rocks possess low fractionated REE patterns without obvious Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~* = 0.87-1.02). Their primitive mantle-normalized elements patterns display significant Zr-Hf troughs, positive Nb anomalies, weak negative Ti and P anomalies, and high contents of Rb and Ba,resembling Nb-enriched basalts generated in arc-related tectonic settings. Their arc-like geochemical signatures together with whole rock εNd(t) values of 0.4-2.1 and corresponding old T_(DM)(2.22-2.37 Ga)as well as(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_t and(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)t(t = 1712 Ma) values of 0.5104-0.5105 and 0.7030-0.7058,respectively, suggest that their precursor magma originated from mantle wedge peridotite metasomatised by subduction-derived melts. The results from our study reveal subduction along the eastern periphery of the Tarim Craton and marginal outgrowth continuing to ~1.7 Ga within the Columbia supercontinent.     

Depositional Age,Provenance Characteristics and Tectonic Setting of the Ailaoshan Group in the Southwestern South China Block

The depositional and metamorphic ages and provenances of the Ailaoshan(ALS) Group in the Ailaoshan-Red River(ALS-RR) shear zone, southwestern South China Block(SCB), were investigated to constrain the tectonic history of the southwestern SCB. In this study, we use petrology, geochemical analysis, zircon cathodoluminescence imaging and UPb geochronology to analyse samples of quartzite, garnet-bearing two-mica schist and metapelite. The age spectra of detrital zircon grains from these metasediments show two dominant age peaks at 550–424 Ma and 876–730 Ma and two subordinate peaks at 970–955 Ma and ～2450 Ma. The youngest peak, corresponding to the early Palaeozoic, accounts for more than 20% of the total dates and constrains the deposition of the ALS Group to the Palaeozoic rather than the Palaeoproterozoic as traditionally thought. Moreover, two peaks of metamorphic ages corresponding to the Permo-Triassic and Cenozoic were also identified, and these ages document the tectonothermal events associated with the Indosinian collision between the Indochina Block and the SCB and the Himalayan collision between the Indian and Asian plates. Geochemical data suggest that the provenances of the ALS Group were dominated by continental arc and recycled metasedimentary rocks. The comparison of probability density distribution plots of the detrital zircon U-Pb age data indicates that the Neoproterozoic detritus in the ALS Group was probably derived from the arc-related Neoproterozoic intrusive bodies in the northwestern and southwestern SCB. Furthermore, the early Palaeozoic detritus might have been sourced from eroded early Palaeozoic strata and magmatic plutons in Cathaysia and volcanic rocks in the western Indochina Block.     

新疆中天山地块星星峡群形成的构造背景及峰期变质条件

中天山地块是天山造山带的重要组成部分,其前寒武纪基底的年龄自西向东逐渐变老。星星峡群位于中天山地块最东端,是天山造山带最古老的前寒武纪基底。目前为止,有关星星峡群原岩形成的构造背景与后期发生的变形变质作用尚无详细研究。文章重点对星星峡群的变质片岩和片麻岩进行了野外观察和取样,室内开展了薄片观察、矿物电子探针分析以及全岩地球化学测试。全岩主量元素地球化学分析表明,星星峡群变质片岩和片麻岩的原岩主要为泥质岩和砂岩;微量与稀土元素结果显示,星星峡群沉积形成于大陆弧或活动大陆边缘环境。依据矿物电子探针成分分析数据结合全岩主量元素测试结果计算获得,星星峡群所经历的峰期变质温压条件大致为610~730℃,6.8~8.5 kbar。此外,通过最新的基底岩石变质年龄限定星星峡群发生峰期变质的时间大概在380 Ma。     

川西北碧口地块老河沟岩体和筛子岩岩体地球化学特征及其构造环境

老河沟岩体和筛子岩岩体位于碧口地块西南部。岩体的SiO2(69.89%～71.69%)和Al2O3(15.01%～16.25%)含量均很高,A/CNK在1.04～1.12之间,为硅和铝过饱和类型,属典型的强过铝质花岗岩。稀土元素总量(∑REE)为33.13×10-6～150.42×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱的负铕异常。高场强元素(Ta、Nb、Ti等)具有明显的负异常,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr等)具有明显的正异常。岩体可能是以杂砂岩成分为主的沉积岩部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆上升侵位过程中形成的,是一种典型的壳源成因类型。老河沟岩体和筛子岩岩体具有后碰撞岩浆活动的特征,是印支期华北和扬子地块碰撞导致地壳加厚环境下下地壳部分熔融的产物,形成于同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)转化阶段,为后造山花岗岩类。