遥感影像智能图解及其地学认知问题探索

本文提出遥感地学智能图解模型 (RSIGIM)概念 ,主要内容是如何模拟地学专家对遥感影像的综合解译和分析过程 ,对遥感影像中包含的地物目标进行描述、识别、分类和解释 ,提取遥感影像中地物目标所属的类别 ,判别其大小、结构、相互关系等地学属性及遥感成像机理、内部特征 ,进一步融合地学分析模型 ,预测地理现象和地理过程的发展趋势 ,作出决策性规划。 RSIGIM的核心问题——遥感地学智能图解中的认知模型 ,具有层次结构 ,从低到高包括基于数理统计的影像基本处理和分析模型、基于神经计算模型影像视觉生理认知模型和基于符号知识逻辑心理认知模型等三个层次的分析认知模型。     

基于遥感和地面数据的景观尺度叶面积指数和生物量的模拟

The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper,The procedure was:(1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images;(2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated;(3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch ,stem ,root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated;(4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained.The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcoInfo software ,The method is laso a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale ,A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated ,Aalysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.     

黄河三角洲潮滩潮沟近期变化遥感监测

Integrating remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and fractal theory, change characteristics of tidal flats and tidal creeks in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta over the period of 1986-2001 were discussed. The results show that evolutions of tidal fiats throughout the Huanghe River Delta are influenced by various factors, and that progressive succession and regression of tidal flats concur in different coastal segments of the delta. Human activities have played an increasingly important role in the succession process of tidal flats. Due to land reclamation in coastal zones of the delta in the last 15 years, lots of tidal flats were occupied, the artificial coastline migrated seaward (the maximum change rate was 0.8 kmyr^-1) and tidal creeks became sparser (the highest decreasing rate of length of tidal creeks was 14.9 kmyr^-1). Except for two coastal segments from the Tiaohe Estuary to the 106 Station and from the south of the Huanghe River mouth to the north of the Xiaodao River Estuary,fractal dimension values of tidal creeks in the remaining coastal segments of the delta decreased. In addition, the time dimension, sediment fluxes into the sea, waves and tidal-currents have profound influences on the evolution process of tidal flats. Four types of tidal flats-river-dominated tidal flats,tide-dominated tidal flats, wave-dominated tidal flats and man-dominated tidal flats can be identified.Owing to the intensification of human activities in coastal zones of the delta, man-dominated tidal flats have become the main kind of tidal flats.     

卫星遥感的地学分析与论证

引言我国曾多次成功地发射和回收了人造地球卫星,从而迈进了空间技术的先进行列。与此同时,我国还成功地研制了甚高分辨率的卫星云图接收机和静止气象卫星接收装置;积极参加全球性世界气象组织和“国际水文十年”等全球性的地学研究活动;研制了多种遥感仪器;开展航空遥感试验和进行卫星遥感的科学和技术准备。此外,还引进了部分美国陆地卫星所提供的遥感图象资料,研究它对我国地理环境的适应性和社会主义现代化建设中的经济技术效益。在自力更生为主,争取外援为辅的正确方针指引下,我国遥感技术的发展十分迅速,展示出广阔的前景。     

卫星遥感的地学分析与验证

引言我国多次成功地发射和回收了人造地球卫星,迈进了空间技术的先进行列。成功地研制了甚高分辨率的卫星云图接收机和静止气象卫星接收装置,积极参加世界气象组织和国际水文十年等全球性的科学技术活动。研制了多种遥感仪器,开展航空遥感试验和进行卫星遥感的科学和技术准备。同时,也引进了部分美国陆地卫星所提供的遥感图象资料,研究它对我国地理环境的适应性和社会主义现代化建设中的经济技术效益。     

初论山地学

一、山地学的诞生 山地学(Montology)是一门综合性的边缘学科,它包括某些自然科学的分支和某些社会科学的分支在内的、以山地为研究对象的一个学科群。因此山地学就是山地科学(Mountain Sciences)。 众所周知,山是比其周围高的地方。一般认为,相对高度在500米以上的区域,称为山地;低于500米者,则属于丘陵。在某种意义上说,山地为陆地上的“岛屿”,是一     

地图与遥感

N945.l 2004043515信息时代新空间形态研究=R~cheson~sPatial公〕~ininfornlationera/甄峰//地理科学进展一2004,23(3)一 16一26 在了解西方关于新空间形态解释的基础上,重点对当前信息技术影响下的新空间形态进行了探索性研究.提出了实空间、虚空间、灰空间的三元空间假设,然后分析了虚空间、灰空间各自的内涵、构成和类型.并对三元空间之间的异同进行了比较,认为三元空间并存与共生将是一个持续的现象.图6表2参22(宋金叶)11NP208 2004043516地理信息科学学科领域界定再思考=Rethinking of the defi-nition and domain of the subject o…     

地理信息系统的地学信息需求分析模式

GIS作为信息系统有特定的信息需要,它包括数据内容、数据形式和信息处理模式等,IRA(信息需求分析)目的在于描述信息内容范畴、形式和信息处理所需的模型体系。在本文中,我们建议了一个IRA分析方法,这个方法描述在图1中,在这个分析模式中,功能需求是分析的中心;功能需求由GIS的应用目标和信息的可能的组织特征、区域特征等决定,由功能需求决定信息需求。实验表明,这一模式适合微机系统。     

基于FSFDP-BoV模型的遥感影像检索

为提高遥感影像检索的精度,提出一种基于快速查找密度峰值聚类(Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks,FSFDP)的改进视觉词袋(Bag of Visual word,BoV)模型,该方法充分利用FSFDP聚类算法分类精度高和聚类参数易于选择等优点,增强BoV模型特征量化的稳定性和可靠性。实验表明,与经典BoV模型相比,FSFDP-BoV模型能够得到更高的检索精度。     

基于土壤数据和遥感影像的鄂尔多斯高原北部地貌分类(英文)

Landform classification is commonly done using topographic altitude only.However,practice indicates that locations at a same altitude may have distinctly different landforms,depending on characteristics of soils underneath those locations.The objectives of this study were to:1) develop a landform classification approach that is based on both altitude and soil characteristic;and 2) use this approach to determine landforms within a watershed located in northern Ordos Plateau of China.Using data collected at 134 out of 200 sampling sites,this study determined that D10(the diameter of soil particles 10% finer by weight) and long-term average soil moisture acquired in 2010,which can be estimated at reasonable accuracy from remote sensing imagery,can be used to represent soil characteristics of the study watershed.Also,the sampling data revealed that this watershed consists of nine classes of landforms,namely mobile dune(MD),mobile semi-mobile dune(SMD),rolling fixed semi-fixed dune(RFD),flat sandy land(FD),grassy sandy land(GS),bedrock(BR),flat sandy bedrock(FSB),valley agricultural land(VA),and swamp and salt lake(SW).A set of logistic regression equations were derived using data collected at the 134 sampling sites and verified using data at the remaining 66 sites.The verification indicated that these equations have moderate classification accuracy(Kappa coefficients > 43%).The results revealed that the dominant classes in the study watershed are FD(36.3%),BR(27.0%),and MD(23.5%),while the other six types of landforms(i.e.,SMD,RFD,GS,FSB,VA,and SW) in combination account for 13.2%.Further,the landforms determined in this study were compared with the classes pre-sented by a geologically-based classification map.The comparison indicated that the geo-logically-based classification could not identify multiple landforms within a class that are de-pendent upon soil characteristics.     

基于主体功能区规划的中国城乡建设用地扩张时空特征遥感分析（英文）

China had implemented the national strategies for Major Function-oriented Zones(MFOZs)to realize the goal of national sustainable development since 2010.This study analyzed and compared spatio-temporal characteristics and differences in built-up area for China’s MFOZs using a China’s Land Use Database(CLUD)derived from high-resolution remotely sensed images in the periods of 2000–2010 and 2010–2013.To sum up:(1)The percentage of built-up area in each of the MFOZs was significantly different,revealing the gradient feature of national land development based on the distribution of the main functions.(2)Annual growth in built-up area in optimal development zones(ODZs)decreased significantly during 2010–2013 compared with the period 2000–2010,while annual growth in built-up area in key development zones(KDZs),agricultural production zones(APZs)and key ecological function zones(KEFZs)increased significantly.(3)In ODZs,the average annual increase in built-up area in the Yangtze River Delta region was significantly higher than in other regions;the average area increase and rate of increase of built-up area in KDZs was faster in the western region than in other regions;average annual area growth of built-up area in APZs in the northeast,central and western regions was twice as high as the previous decade on average;the annual rate of change and increase in the dynamic degree of built-up area were most notable in KEFZs in the central region.(4)The spatial pattern and characteristics of built-up area expansions in the period 2010–2013 reflected the gradient feature of the plan for MFOZs.But the rate of increase locally in built-up area in ODZs,APZs and KEFZs is fast,so the effective measures must be adopted in the implementation of national and regional policies.The conclusions indicated these methods and results were meaningful for future regulation strategies in optimizing national land development in China.     

基于遥感的黄河三角洲蒸散的动态分析

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important parameter for water resource management. Compared to the traditional ET computation and measurement methods, the ET computation method based on remote sensing has the advantages of quickness, precision, raster mapping and regional scale. SEBAL, an ET computation model using remote sensing method is based on the surface energy balance equation which is a function of net radiance flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux. The former three fluxes can be computed through the parameters retrieved from remote sensing image, then the latent heat flux can be obtained to provide energy for ET. Finally we can obtain the daily ET. In this study SEBAL was applied to compute ET in the Yellow River Delta of China where water resource faces a rigorous situation. Three Landsat TM images and meteorology data of 1999 were used for ET computation, and spatial and temporal change patterns of ET in the Yellow River Delta were analysed.     

利用遥感数据探测气候变化对罗马尼亚西南部森林生态系统的影响(英文)

Nowadays, Southwestern Romania faces a large-scale aridization of the climate, revealed by the rise of temperatures and the decline of the amount of precipitations, with negative effects visible, among others, in the desiccation of forest vegetation. The present study means to identify the changes that occurred, quality-wise, in the past two decades(1990–2011) in forest vegetation in Southwestern Romania, and to establish the link between those changes and extant thermal stress in the region, whose particular features are high average annual and seasonal temperatures. In order to capture the evolution in time of climate aridization, a first step consisted in using climate data, the temperature and precipitation parameters from three weather stations; these parameters were analyzed both individually and as aridity indexes(De Martonne and UNEP). In order to quantify the changes in forest vegetation, NDVI indexes were used and analyzed, starting off from Landsat satellite images, acquired at three distinct moments in time, 1990, 2000 and 2011. In order to identify the link between the changes of NDVI index values and regional thermal stress, a yardstick of climate changes, statistical correlations were established between the peak values of average annual temperatures, represented in space, and negative changes in the NDVI index, as revealed by the change-detection analysis. The results obtained indicated there is an obvious(statistically significant) connection between thermal stress and the desiccation(degradation) of forest species in the analyzed area, with false acacia(Robinia Pseudoacacia) the main species to be impacted.     

北极海冰密集度遥感数据产品对比及航道关键区验证研究

为分析并评价海冰边缘区海冰密集度数据产品,选取北冰洋区域8种公开发布的产品,基于平均偏差和标准差(Standard Deviation, SD)展开分析,结果表明:Bremen/ASI(ARCTIC Sea Ice)、Bremen/BT (Bootstrap)、NSIDC(National Snow and Ice Data Center)/BT和NSIDC/CDR(Climate Data Record)四种数据全年平均偏差整体高于平均值,在夏季偏差高于冬季; Hamburger/ASI全年平均偏差低于平均值,冬春季偏差为负,夏季梢高于均值; NSIDC/NT(NASA Team)、NOAA OI SIC(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Optimum Interpolation Sea Ice Concentration)和OSISAF(The Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility)三种数据全年平均偏差为负,夏季负向增加;夏季和秋季标准差较大区域主要分布在东北航道薄冰区,东西伯利亚、拉普捷夫海和喀拉海区域标准差变化较大,从3%增加到10%～15%。围绕航道区,以MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)影像作为参考,对8种数据的对比评估结果表明:在25km空间分辨率下,Bremen发布的两种数据相关性较高,均为0.80;NOAAOISIC数据相关性最低,为0.63; Bremen/BT平均偏差较小,为7.11%;基于ASI算法的Bremen/ASI数据和Hamburger/ASI数据平均偏差较大,分别为14.38%和14.99%,且在夏季和秋季偏差波动较大,对应标准差分别为12.16%和11.01%。该项研究对于提升遥感数据产品在海冰边缘或航道区的应用及进一步的算法研发具有指导意义。     

高原草地退化遥感监测对象的地学属性分析--以西藏自治区那曲县为例

本文通过分析那曲县草地退化遥感监测对象的空间分布特征、波谱响应特征和时相特征三个地学属性,得出以下结论:(1)那曲县的自然景观单元分异程度比较低;(2)退化草地植被在TM5、6波段具有高反射值,LAND-SAT TM信息源中具有对草地植被退化敏感的波段TM7,TM5和TM3;(3)高原植被返青比较晚,生长期短,7、8月份是牧草生长旺季。并根据地学属性分析结论选择7月下旬的LANDSAT TM图像作为草地退化动态监测的主要遥感信息源。     

地图与遥感

P208,TP391 2003032750虚拟地理环境和地学认知检验:以澳大利亚维多利亚省卡集洼汇水盆地为例=Exploration ong汾environment simula-t ion and eognitive verifieation;a ease study at Cudgewa eateh-men:in vietoria,Australia/陈小钢//地理研究一2003,22(2)一245一252 虚拟环境技术以GIS图形图像数据、景观纹理等信息为输人,利用高性能的计算机图形设备和技术,生成具有近似真实感受效果的模拟环境,便于认知主体以更自然的交互方式、更直观的视景、更逼真的感受探索虚拟环境,形成对现实环境的正确认识,开发空间智能.以澳大利亚维多利…     

遥感的应用

X87,Ql 49 2003043681塔里木河流域生态景观格局的遥感信息提取与分析=Re-mote se叱ing information extraetion and analysis on eeolo邵eallandseape pattern in Ta6m River Basin/王让会,张慧芝…//北京林业大学学报,一2003,25(2)一43一47 利用遥感信息源,在GRS99及IDRISI支持下,依照图像图形学的相关原理,识别合成图像的信息丰富程度,确定用于塔里木河于流景现格局分析的基准图像.沙漠石油公路和塔里木河两大廊道呈十字形位于该区域的中部,它们决定了整个系统物质、能量及信息的传播途径.零星分布的油井所组成的小斑块以及连接它…     

国际摄影测量与遥感学会(ISPRS)2019地球空间周

2019年6月9—14日,国际摄影测量与遥感学会(The International Society for Photogrammetryand Remote Sensing,ISPRS)在荷兰恩斯赫德(Enschede)特文特大学(University of Twente)举行了2019地球空间周(ISPRS Geospatial Week 2019)活动。本次地球空间信息周设有云包映射和地理空间大数据、联合欧洲校准和定位研讨会、行星遥感和测绘、空间数据质量国际研讨会、全球变化研究中的冰冻圈和水圈研讨会(Cryosphere and Hydrosphere for Global Change Studies,CHGCS 2019)、三维地图和导航多传感器系统研讨、高光谱传感符合机器学习和模式分析等专题。     

《高分辨率卫星遥感影像地学计算》评述

谨在2008年未之际,科学出版社出版了周成虎等撰写的<高分辨率卫星遥感影像地学计算>新著.     

近50年黑河流域的冰川变化遥感分析(英文)

The Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in Northwest China and it is also a hotspot in arid hydrology, water resources and other aspects of researches in cold regions. In addition, the Heihe River Basin has complete landscape, moderate watershed size, and typical social ecological environmental problems. So far, there has been no detailed assessment of glaciers change information of the whole river basin. 1:50,000 topographic map data, Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images and digital elevation model data were used in this research. Through integrated computer automatic interpretation and visual interpretation methods, the object-oriented image feature extraction method was applied to extract glacier outline information. Glaciers change data were derived from analysis, and the glacier variation and its response to climate change in the period 1956/1963–2007/ 2011 were also analyzed. The results show that:(1) In the period 1956/1963–2007/2011, the Heihe River Basin's glaciers had an evident retreat trend, the total area of glaciers decreased from 361.69 km2 to 231.17 km~2; shrinking at a rate of 36.08%, with average single glacier area decrease 0.14 km~2; the total number of the glaciers decreased from 967 to 800.(2) Glaciers in this basin are mainly distributed at elevations of 4300–4400 m, 4400–4500 m and 4500–4600 m; and there are significant regional differences in glaciers distribution and glaciers change.(3) Compared with other western mountain glaciers, glaciers retreat in the Heihe River Basin has a higher rate.(4) Analysis of the six meteorological stations' annual average temperature and precipitation data from 1960 to 2010 suggests that the mean annual temperature increased significantly and the annual precipitation also showed an increasing trend. It is concluded that glacier shrinkage is closely related with temperature rising, besides, glacier melting caused by rising temperatures greater than glacier mass supply by increased precipitation to some extent.