北半球冬季各阻塞系统对大范围极端温度异常的单独和协同影响

本文利用1979～2015年ERA-interim逐日再分析资料,对比分析了格陵兰阻高（GB）、大西洋—欧洲阻高（AEB）、乌拉尔山阻高（UB）和北太平洋阻高（NPB）四个阻高系统对年际尺度和天气尺度地面温度及极端冷日的单独和协同影响。结果表明,各阻高与地面温度之间的统计关系十分复杂,同一阻高系统可影响多个地区的温度异常,同一个地区的地面温度一般可受到多个阻高系统的不同影响。通过分离单阻高和多阻高（双阻高、三阻高和四阻高）组合的情形,本文的结果进一步表明,UB对欧亚大陆地面温度的影响最为重要,其次对于欧洲地面温度而言,依次为AEB、GB和NPB;对于亚洲地面温度而言,依次则为GB、NPB和AEB。而NPB对北美大陆温度的影响最为重要,其次为GB和AEB,UB的影响最弱。此外,多阻高协同影响地面温度时,并非线性叠加,而是表现为显著的非线性特征。     

青藏高原MODIS地表反照率和GLASS地表反照率的对比分析

对比分析了青藏高原MODIS地表反照率产品和GLASS地表反照率产品的空间分布连续性、高质量反演结果的比例,应用青藏高原CAMP/Tibet试验期间的高精度观测数据评估了两种产品的精度,通过人工目视解译MODIS地表反射率图像并结合MODIS积雪产品分析了影响两种产品精度的原因,结果表明：1）GLASS地表反照率产品具有比MODIS地表反照率产品更好的空间分布连续性和更高的反演质量;2）绝大多数时段内两种产品都能与地面观测结果保持较好的一致性,能准确地反映地表反照率的异常变化过程;3）局地积雪是影响两种产品精度的重要因素之一;4）积雪条件下,GLASS地表反照率反演算法比MODIS地表反照率反演算法更具优势。研究结果有助于促进人们对地表反照率卫星遥感反演产品的认识,改进青藏高原地表反照率卫星遥感反演算法,提高青藏高原地表反照率卫星遥感反演结果的精度、反演质量和空间分布连续性。     

鸡毛菜叶龄估算模式及其应用

根据对不同播种期鸡毛菜的抽样测定资料,采用植物生长模型结合鸡毛菜生产期间９￣２５℃的有效积温对叶龄进行估算,叶龄估算的绝对误差在０．５叶之内。     

A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998 Part Ⅰ: Analysis of Large-Scale Fields for Occurrence and Development of the Mesoscale Convective Systems

The summer monsoon onset over the northern South China Sea (SCS) in May 16-20, 1998 was characterized by the abrupt onset of mesoscale convective activities and rapid increase of precipitation. The possible mechanism for formation of the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and related rain belts were revealed through discussing their forming physical conditions under the large-scale background: (1) The high pseudo-equivalent potential temperature and the convective instability in the lower troposphere, the low-level southwesterly confluence and the high-level divergence over South China and the northern SCS provided the favorable large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions for development of MCSs. The southwesterly flow from the Bay of Bengal (BOB) interacted with that to the western flank of the subtropical high, which constituted the major moisture channels, thus bringing about deep wet layers and strong moisture convergence;(2) triggered by several cold troughs from high and mid latitudes, the convectively unstable energy was released and the convective activities over the northern SCS broke out abruptly;(3)analysis of retrieved precipitation based on the dual-Doppler radar during South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) indicated that active convection influenced by the monsoon trough and corresponding wind shear line organized and formed continually some mesoscale convective rainbelts. During May 15-19,about 12 precipitation processes with 6-12-hour life span or more were observed;and (4) under the favorable synoptic conditions, establishment of the monsoon trough and shear line in the low levels, as well as production and development of mesoscale low vortex were all necessary conditions for the formation and maintenance of MCSs.     

A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998Part I: Analysis of Large-Scale Fields for Occurrence and Development of the Mesoscale Convective Systems

1. Introduction China is located in the East Asian monsoon re- gion. Every year's weather and climate in this region is deeply affected by the monsoon activities. Es- pecially, during flooding season (May to September), the summer monsoon controls large-scale precipitation patterns, the movement of seasonal rain belt and oc- currence of drought/flood disasters. The Asian mon- soon can be divided into two systems (Tao and Chen, 1987). As a major component and its unique location, the South …