厚层风积黄土覆盖区金矿脉的壤中气汞异常特征及评价

赤峰市莲花山金矿区南部为大片风积黄土覆盖区，壤中气汞测量圈出了许多气汞异常，其中在已开采的４号、５号金矿脉上，气汞异常的形态、规模和强度都较好地反映了矿体的产状和规模。新的工业金矿体的发现，更加证实了壤中气汞测量找金矿脉的有效性。通过壤中气汞异常的评价，认为４号矿脉的北部，５号矿脉的南部，Ｈｇ２号异常的南部及Ｈｇ３号异常的深部有较好的开采远景，而４１号、１５号、２０号石英脉则无工业价值。     

结构光性矿物学的进展

二十年代初期,著名的结晶学家尼格里(Niggli)就指出:“不久将来,人们可以从晶体结构及化学结构计算出晶体的光性常数来,于是就能发现一些规律,这些规律对于矿物学家和结晶学家来说是有着基础意义的”。半个世纪过去了,由于有了大量的晶体结构资料和对化学键不断深入的认识,使得人们有可能来逐步地实现尼格里的这个科学预见。不少物理学家、化学家、结晶学家和矿物学家进行了这方面的研究,已建立起矿物学的一个新分枝--结构光性矿物学。     

松科1井北孔四方台组—明水组沉积微相及其沉积环境演化

四方台组和明水组是松辽坳陷盆地萎缩阶段的产物。松科1井北孔的连续岩心显示:四方台组发育曲流河亚相和浅湖亚相的沉积,其中以曲流河亚相为主,曲流河亚相发育河床滞留、点砂坝、天然堤、决口扇、决口水道、河漫滩、河漫湖等7种沉积微相,浅湖亚相发育临滨砂坝微相和静水泥质沉积微相;明水组发育曲流河亚相、浅湖亚相和滨湖亚相,明一段以浅湖亚相为主,明二段曲流河、浅湖亚相交替发育。明水组曲流河亚相发育河床滞留、点砂坝、天然堤、决口扇、决口水道、河漫滩、河漫湖等7种微相;浅湖亚相发育浅湖静水泥沉积、临滨砂坝和风暴沉积微相;滨湖亚相发育砂滩和泥滩微相。盆地沉积时期松辽盆地经历了多次湖平面相对升降变化,四方台湖平面最低、明水组二段形成时期湖平面次之、明水组一段形成时期湖平面最高,自下而上形成了一个低—高—低的湖平面变化旋回。沉积物颜色-古气候关系显示四方台组是气温普遍偏高的干旱、半干旱气候;明一段下部是气温偏低的干旱、半干旱环境,上部是气温偏低的干、湿交替环境;明二段气温高低交替变化,下部和中部是干、湿交替环境,上部是干旱、半干旱环境。四方台组—明水组垂向沉积相带的演变是横向上以小型浅水湖泊为沉积中心的沉积体相带向北西方向迁移的结果。     

秦岭中更新世以来抬升的新资料及认识

秦岭北坡的陕西省洛南县南洛河北岸发育高度不同的6层溶蚀洞穴,其中5层溶蚀洞穴中发现沉积物和古生物化石。对这些洞穴进行了考察和发掘,并研究了洞穴内沉积物的化石。另外对洞穴外的河流阶地进行了高程测量和对比分析,用选频光释光法测定各洞穴底部沉积物和洞穴外河流阶地沉积物的年龄,确定了各洞穴大致的形成时代,并首次得到秦岭中更新世以来的抬升资料。其抬升过程中速度不均一性、时代越新抬升速率越强的总趋势等状况与青藏高原相似     

On the dynamics of open clusters

The kinematics of stars in open-cluster models are investigated. The central regions of these model clusters are fairly “cool, ” leading to gravitational instability in the cluster cores. A temporary virilization is observed in the model clusters, during which an appreciable fraction of the fluctuation energy of the cluster is temporarily transformed into the kinetic energy of the peculiar motions of stars. The duration of this stage can reach ∼10⁸ yr. The origins of this temporary virialization of the model clusters are discussed. The instability of the intrinsic fluctuations of the phase density in the centers of six clusters and model clusters is investigated. Several new regions of unstable phase-density fluctuations are found, in addition to those already known. The observed and model clusters can move toward a stable equilibrium state when the density of the cluster core both decreases and increases. The structure of regions of instability of the phase-density fluctuations in the centers of the six clusters is studied. Resonance curves for the amplitudes of steady-state phase-density fluctuations in the center of NGC 6705 are constructed. Analysis of the structure of the regions of instability indicates an appreciable rate of fluctuation-energy loss due to relaxation effects. The instability increments and widths of regions of instability fall off with increasing distance of the cluster from the Galactic center. An important role in the formation of regions of instability may be played by resonances between the frequency of the orbital motion of the cluster in the Galaxy and the frequencies of intrinsic phase-density fluctuations in the centers of the clusters considered.     

龙游石窟3-2号岩柱变形破坏对3号洞应力变化的影响

作为具有大跨度、超浅埋等特点的千年古地下洞室群,龙游石窟吸引着众多前来研究的岩石力学家和工程地质学家。近些年来,龙游石窟的3号洞顶板多处出现了开裂和离层。安装在3-1号岩柱周围起支撑洞室作用钢柱上的应变片数值也发生了变化。据分析,这些现象出现的一个重要原因是3-2号岩柱强度降低引起洞室围岩受力条件的改变。利用FLAC3D数值软件,借鉴强度折减法,对3-2号岩柱强度降低引起上述变化的情况进行了模拟。数值模拟的结果可以较好地解释上述现象。在此基础上,进一步对3号洞顶板和其他岩柱的应力变化等进行了数值分析。结果表明:①3-2号岩柱的强度已有所下降,并有继续降低的趋势;②随着3-2号岩柱强度的降低,顶板的裂缝将不断增长、增多。其结果可为3-2号岩柱强度降低过程中洞室围岩力学行为的科学分析、预测及石窟的保护等提供依据。     

中国南方奥陶—志留纪沉积层序与构造运动的关系

根据对湘西北奥陶纪和黔东北志留纪的层序划分，结合中国南方奥陶－志留纪已确定的构造运动幕次，同时辅以该地区不同期岩相地理的变化，讨论了层序界面与构造运动的关系，研究结果表明，在中国南方二级层序界面的形成更多地受到区域构造运动的影响，而三级层段序界面主要受全球海平面变化的影响，从沉积旋回的观点出发，认为中国南方加里东运动的最后一幕应在中地留世早期，即回星哨期末。     

MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL HISTORY OF THE SOUTHEASTERN CRIMEA

The Tuak and Sudak anticlinoria located upon the eastern periclinal closure of the Crimean meganticlinorium are complicated by a folding of the higher order. According to their size and morphological structures, the folds are subdivided into several types. The small linear disharmonic folds in the Upper Triassic, Lower- and Middle Jurassic deposits within the cores of the above anticlinoria are followed by an elongated brachy-folding within the Upper Jurassic deposits upon the saddle of the Sudak-Yanyshar anticlinorium. The distribution of individual folding types corresponds to the history of fold formation. It depends on the tectonic movement environments, the physical properties of the rocks and other causes. The study of conditions controlling the formation and development of structural forms is conducted on the basis of a structural-facies method. The increase of sedimentation thicknesses and the replacement of coarse terrigenous materials by finer sediments towards the axial parts of the synclines, are evidence of the fact that the folding development was contemporaneous with sedimentation during a prolonged period. Folding, however, proceeded at irregular times.

The linear folding within the Tavridian shales upon the saddle of the Tuak anticlinal zone developed under conditions of active positive movements during pre-Bajocian stage of folding. In addition to linear folds, elongated brachysynclines appeared within the areno-argillaceous deposits upon the saddle of the Sudak-Yanyshar anticlinal zone during pre-Oxfordian time. A further growth and isolation of individual folds took place in an environment of considerable tectonic movement intensification during the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian stages. The most energetic folding movements took place during the pre-Tithonian phase of folding. A sharp uplift of the eastern part of the Sudak- Yanyshar anticlinorium saddle called forth the appearance of crescentic, elongated folds. Within the Meganom downwarping folds developed during the Jurassic under conditions of continuous plunging.

The development of the principal structural units is connected with manifestations of deep-seated tectonic processes. The folding located upon the Sudak-Yanyshar anticlinorium saddle is classified as forced folds. The prolonged growth of the folds was accompanied by a forcing up of argillaceous materials into the anticline saddles. The plastic shift of Middle Jurassic clays from under the subsiding synclines toward the continuously eroding anticline saddles, i. e. towards areas of free material outflow, took place under conditions of continuous intensification of the tectonic movement and a continuous increase of load upon the subsiding areas. The supply of plastic material into the anticline saddles began during the Oxfordian stage and continued up to the present. This process proceeds in an environment of further expansion of the Sudak-Yanyshar anticlinorium. In connection, however, with a general weakening of the tectonic movements and an increase of the argillaceous material metamorphization the forcing up of the latter gradually subsides.—Auth.English summ.     

珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的沉积－古地理

本文将珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的演化分为前三角洲(约４００００—３２５００ａＢ．Ｐ．)、老三角洲(３２５００—７５００ａＢ．Ｐ．)和新三角洲(７５００ａＢ．Ｐ．—现在)三个阶段，并在此基础上探讨珠江三角洲沉积－古地理的变迁。研究结果表明，在前三角洲阶段，珠江三角洲为内陆环境，五条大河在中山三角一带汇合，然后向南东入海。磨刀门西江水道形成于第二阶段的３００００—２００００。Ｂ．Ｐ．；狮子洋、珠江和银洲湖等水道则是全新世才发展起来的。三角洲发生过两次海侵。第一次大约开始于３２５００ａＢ．Ｐ．，第二次大约开始于７５００ａＢ．Ｐ．。两次海侵形成了新、老两套三角洲沉积。     

Thermal and mechanical evolution of the Michigan Basin

We examine the formation of the Michigan Basin in terms of elastic flexure of the lithosphere. The shape of the flexure accurately determines the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere and the lateral extent of the load responsible for the flexure. The amplitude of differential subsidence then gives the magnitude of the load. Gravity anomalies in the southern peninsula of Michigan further restrain the dimensions of the load. We propose a model for the formation of the Michigan Basin involving mantle diapirs. We suggest that the first stage in its evolution was diapiric penetration of the lithosphere by hot asthenospheric mantle rock to the vicinity of the Moho. The heating of the lower crust by these hot rocks caused the transformation of lower crust, meta-stable gabbroic rocks to eclogite. Initially the lighter mantle rocks nearly balanced the heavier eclogite. As the mantle rocks cooled by conduction, the basin subsided under the load of the eclogite. The thermal contraction mechanism is supported by evidence that the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere increases with time. This is the effect of thickening of the elastic lithosphere as cooling progresses.     

Experimental radiometric survey in Azerbaijan

Discusses measurement of gamma-field radiation by use of a continuous gamma-ray counter submerged in the waters of the Caspian Sea in Azerbaijan. Influence of bottom sediments is taken into account in evaluating results. Submarine acoustic measurements are employed to determine the nature of the bottom sediments. Radiometric measurement of bottom deposits is done with a special type of counter identified as an MORS-60 device. Gamma-radiation anomalies were plotted from results of profile traverses made at right angles to the head of structures and strike of the beds. Influence of bottom sediments in interpreting anomalies is discussed. — B.N. Cooper.     

The dynamics of correlations in open-star cluster models

Two-time and two-point (two-particle) correlations are calculated for several parameters of the stellar motions, the densities, and the phase densities of model open clusters, in the vicinities of the cluster stars. The correlation times and correlation radii are determined in spaces of the parameters considered. The distributions of the two-point correlations for the distances between stars in the coordinate and velocity spaces of the stars are calculated. The local maxima of these distributions are used to determine the parameters of density waves, the potential, and the phase density in the model clusters. Analysis of the fine structure of regions of concentration in the two-point correlations in space of mutual distances between stars suggests the formation of polarization clouds near a number of such distances between stars. The distributions of the phase-density correlations are calculated, and the dynamics of these distributions analyzed. The dispersions of these distributions depend strongly on the presence of broad ??wings?? in the distributions (i.e., of strong correlations in the system). These dispersions are considered as a measure of the degree of correlation of phase-density fluctuations in model clusters. A growth in the correlations with time is observed for 50% of the cluster models considered. Flows of the phase-density correlations are investigated. A dominant correlation flow from the region of strong to the region of weak correlations is identified, leading to a flow of kinetic energy toward the cluster center. The rate at which this flow heats the model cluster core is estimated. Signs of weak turbulence are detected in the stellar motions in the model cluster cores with the highest degree of non-stationary in the regular field.     

THE SPECTRUM OF SCATTERED GAMMA RADIATION IN ROCK STRATA OF VARIOUS MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITIONS

Curves of the dispersion of gamma-radiation in rocks are drawn on the basis of measurements on rocks of various compositions and density. The energy spectrum of scattered gamma-radiation shows an accumulation of softer rays. A decrease of the effective atomic number and of the density of the substance produces a shifting of the spectrum toward smaller energies of scattered radiation and vice versa. An increase in density of the substance and in its effective atomic number causes a decrease in intensity of gamma-radiation. In addition to soft rays the spectrum shows a considerable portion of rays with energies ranging from 1. 25 to 0. 212 Mev. Housings of gammagamma logging instruments should therefore be of materials which do not block the softer gammarays (for instance duralurninurn walls less than 1 cm thick or steel less than 0. 6 cm thick). In such cases all gamma-rays with energies down to 0. 03 Mev will be registered. The use of the differential gamma-spectrometers permits the distinguishing of rocks and ores according to their mineralogical content.     

准噶尔盆地南缘煤系水矿化度对低煤阶煤层气的影响

煤系水矿化度是影响低煤阶煤层气生成、运移和成藏的重要因素之一。以新疆准噶尔盆地南缘地区为研究区,把研究区划分为8个水文地质单元,分析了研究区煤系水矿化度的分布特征及其对产甲烷菌生存的影响。以1 000 m埋深为例,估算了各个水文地质单元内煤系水的甲烷溶解度,据此分析评价了各水文地质单元溶解运移甲烷的能力。通过煤系水的矿化度分布、氯离子浓度和区域地质构造形态分析,综合判断区域内煤系水的大致流向。以准南地区硫磺沟水文地质单元为例,探讨了矿化度与煤层气富集成藏的关系。研究结果表明,研究区矿化度分布具有南北分带、东西分段的特征。后峡水文地质单元、玛纳斯河-呼图壁河水文地质单元的南部、硫磺沟水文地质单元的南端和阜康水文地质单元的西部地区矿化度有利于产甲烷菌的生存和产气。后峡水文地质单元溶解运移甲烷能力最强。地下水的流向大致由南向北,地表水的径流会使地下水流向发生偏转。指出了硫磺沟水文地质单元内高矿化度中心和低水位的汇水洼地是低煤阶煤层气富集成藏的地区。      

塔里木盆地西北缘石炭系砂岩成岩作用研究

本文是在薄片研究基础上,并使用阴极发光显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析以及氧碳同位素分析资料详细研究了塔里木盆地西北缘石炭系砂岩的机械压实,压溶.胶结等主要成岩作用.并应用镜质体反射率、孢粉颜色及伊利石开形指数的测定等方法推断石炭系砂岩所经历的最高成岩温度为120℃-200℃.并且根据成岩作用和成岩温度的研究,对砂岩所处的成岩阶段位置及其成岩历史和孔隙演化特点进行了分析.     

Landscape geochemistry as the theoretical basis of geochemical prospecting methods

This article is a review of A. I. Perel'man's book "Landscape Geochemistry" (1961). The first part of the book deals with the theoretical aspects and basic theory of geochemical landscapes. This is followed by a short section on the main aspects of the geography of geochemical landscapes. Geochemical landscapes are classified on the basis of the motion of matter in the third part of the book, which is followed by a discussion of the geochemical features of landscapes of the geologic past. The last part of the book deals with the geochemistry of individual elements in landscapes, and contains sections on the practical applications of landscape geochemistry. The reviewer notes that geologists concerned with geochemical prospecting methods should make this well-written book part of their basic library. — R. D. DeRudder.     

基于室内模型试验的滑坡碎屑流堆积分布规律研究

本文利用室内物理模型试验,模拟了特定条件下滑坡碎屑流的滑动和堆积过程。获取了滑坡碎屑流堆积物的位置分布,并对其规律进行了分析,且在此基础之上对滑坡碎屑流运动机制进行了简单的分析。结果表明:碎屑流颗粒在滑坡发生后的最终位置分布兼具随机性和规律性;关于坡面中轴对称分布的碎屑流颗粒在滑坡后依然对称分布;堆积体中沿滑坡方向连续分布的颗粒在滑坡结束后最终位置分布在一定程度上并不连续;颗粒滑后位置分布受其滑前在颗粒整体中所处的位置影响较大;在沿坡面下滑过程中,碎屑流颗粒堆积体会发生内部的整体滚动。研究结果为滑坡-碎屑流运动机制的理论研究和复原滑坡初始状态提供了可靠的数据参考。     

柴达木盆地周边断裂超微构造变形特征及其应力-应变环境

通过断裂超微变形构造分析,对柴达木盆地周边断裂构造发育的应力-应变环境进行了较为深入的探讨。研究结果表明:新高泉断裂超微构造以密度较低的平直位错线为典型特征,反映了相对较低的应力-应变环境;大头羊逆冲断裂位错密度高,位错形态复杂,呈弯曲状延伸,局部发育位错环,应力-应变环境较高;绿梁山逆冲断裂的超微构造以亚颗粒的普遍发育为显著特征,表明应变环境已达恢复阶段;纳赤台逆冲断裂的超微构造较为复杂,位错线、位错壁和亚颗粒都有不同程度的发育,表明变形的复杂性。根据超微构造的特征,这对不同断裂的古构造应力和应变速率进行了计算。      

黄铁矿热电性研究方法及其在胶东金矿的应用

本文概述了黄铁矿热电性标型研究所涉及的黄铁矿热电性理论。阐明了矿物热电性测量最新的仪器和测试方法。论述了对胶东地区7个典型金矿床在成因矿物学与找矿矿物学研究中关于黄铁矿热电性方面的应用成果,包括:(1)胶东地区各金矿床黄铁矿热电性的一般特征;(2)金矿床成矿阶段黄铁矿热电性的演变特征;(3)判断金矿规模;(4)判断矿体延伸规模;(5)矿床的黄铁矿热电性分带;(6)判断剥蚀程度;(7)根据矿物热电性标型特点及其应用经验,提出了黄铁矿热电性标型研究方法。     

Seismogeological analysis of the pre-Jurassic sediment complexes of the South Kara syneclise in connection with the tectonic zoning of the sedimentary cover

We present new data on the structure of deep horizons of the sedimentary cover of the South Kara syneclise, based on an integrated interpretation of data from modern seismic prospecting and data on the geologic structure of the adjacent folded areas. A network of seismic base profiles reprocessed with up-to-date programs is used to determine the structure of the wave fields of the pre-Jurassic sediments of the South Kara syneclise. The interpretation of the wave fields with the use of the network of seismic base profiles shows that the wave fields of the Pai-Khoi-Novaya Zemlya monoclise and the Novaya Zemlya-Taimyr terrace are fundamentally different from those of the South Kara central area of depressions and uplifts. We substantiate a new structural and tectonic zonation of the northern West Siberian Plate, with areas of Hercynian and Early Cimmerian consolidation. The geologic evolution of the South Kara syneclise and adjacent areas in the Late Paleozoic-Early Jurassic is considered. The studies show that the Hercynides of the northern Taimyr Peninsula occupy the deepest central part of the South Kara syneclise, including the North Siberian step. They are separated from the coeval sediments of the surface part of the northern West Siberian Plate by the Early Cimmerian folded area of the Yamal-Pai-Khoi saddle, which joins the Early Cimmerian West Taimyr folded area to the Early Cimmerides of Pai-Khoi and Novaya Zemlya.The Permo-Triassic rifts distinguished in central West Siberia have no shelf extension. Areal structural studies along the surface of the acoustic basement and analysis of wave fields showed that the structures of the South Kara syneclise were semiconcentric and concentric intermontane depressions and troughs in the Permian and Lower-Middle Triassic. They formed at the orogenic stage of evolution of the Hercynides. In the Devonian-Carboniferous, the South Kara syneclise was an intracontinental block structure. It is presumed that elevated blocks consist of carbonate sediments, whereas the separating troughs consist of bathyal terrigenous sediments. The Hercynian folding, which affected mainly deep-water sediment complexes, was followed by an inversion of the troughs, their uplifting and disintegration. The intermontane depressions which formed instead of carbonate shelf in the Permian were filled with sediments from the uplifts which formed instead of the troughs.A well-grounded conclusion is made about the hydrocarbon potential of the pre-Jurassic basement of the South Kara syneclise. The layered seismic record of the pre-Jurassic sediments suggests their heterogeneous composition, i.e., the presence of sand and clay series (reservoirs and caps). The pools might be of the arch-bedded and lithologic (traps which formed in the case of the toplap of beds onto the eroded surface) types or be localized along the line of pinching-out of the Triassic sediments. The largest number of Paleozoic structures is concentrated on the Rogozinskii and Vilkitsky arches, in the Monskaya and Matusevich saddles, and in the northern Rusanov-Skuratov arch.© 2014, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.