夏季三亚半山半岛帆船港附近海域水质环境特征分析

三亚半山半岛帆船港是海南第一座世界级的帆船港,是"沃尔沃"国际帆船赛亚洲唯一经停港,位于三亚珊瑚礁国家自然保护区实验区的北部边缘。为了解帆船港运营以来对附近海域的水质环境影响,根据三亚半山半岛帆船港附近海域2013年6月的水质调查资料,对该海域环境质量状况进行了分析,运用单项水质参数法、水体有机污染指数法和富营养化指数法对三亚半山半岛帆船港附近海域水质进行分析和评价。结果显示:帆船港附近海域水质主要受三亚河径流影响,帆船港附近海域水质处于良好状态,帆船港的运行未对附近海域的水质环境产生较大影响。采用主成分分析法得出影响海水富营养化的主要驱动因子,结合历史资料分析,提出对半山半岛帆船港水域环境质量管理的措施,为相关部门提供管理的理论基础和技术支撑。     

日照帆船港港域波高的数值计算

考虑波浪的浅水变化、折射、绕射、反射和破碎等现象的影响,以文氏谱作为输入谱,建立了浅水区域随机波浪传播变形的改进数值模型。对日照帆船港港域波高的数值计算结果表明:在没有越浪的情况下,计算值与物理模型试验观测值吻合。改进的数值模型成为求解港口水域波高的1种有效方法。     

第六届中国厦门游艇展

第六届中国（厦门）国际游艇帆船展览会将于2013年11月8—11日在厦门五缘湾游艇港隆重拉开帷幕。     

孤舟鲸群争流记

一叶孤舟在大西洋上航行,忽然遭到数+条鲸鱼的围攻,一场人与鲸的较量在大洋上愿开了……1988年6月11日黎明,北大西洋波涛汹涌,巨浪滚滚,天空阴云密布,一片朦胧。40岁的D.塞林斯手握舵柄,不时根据变化无常的海风,熟练敏捷地调整他那艘公米长的"海卡波"号帆船的航向。自从6天前卡尔斯伯格单人帆船横渡大西洋赛在英国普利茅斯港开始以来,他几乎就没有真     

基于Amzi! Prolog的帆船辅助训练专家系统

为指导帆船运动员对训练中常见问题进行判断和故障排除操作,构建此帆船辅助训练专家系统.此系统将帆船训练和帆船比赛等有关的知识和经验转换成计算机可处理的规则和事实,建立基于规则和事实的诊断树;将Delphi扩展谓词技术应用于界面的显示和控制,方便的实现了专家系统的诊断界面随着诊断的深入,一步步动态变化的过程.帆船辅助训练专家系统不仅仅是1种新型的训练辅助手段,而且是1种实现帆船教练的经验知识共享的有效平台.     

虚拟仿真技术在帆船运动中的应用研究

根据天气和海况对帆船训练和比赛的影响,通过对帆船的受力分析,建立帆船受力的动力学模型,借助虚拟现实技术,可以预设不同的比赛环境,实现对帆船运动的模拟仿真,辅助帆船日常训练和竞技分析。     

贝格尔号:重塑人生之船

今天人们能记住贝格尔号,几乎完全是因为达尔文.但是当时在船上,几乎没有人知道他算是老几,甚至没有人正眼瞧他——似乎和今天初来乍到的大学毕业生遭遇一样.1831年10月末的一天,一艘长近30米的近海帆船停靠在英国的普利茅斯港.这艘貌不惊人的船隶属于英国皇家海军,叫做贝尔格号.不过这次,贝格尔号整装待发并非执行军事任务.     

基于强化学习的自动帆船路径规划算法研究

作为自动水面航行器的重要分支之一,自动航行帆船在执行长期海事任务时具有低能耗的优势,但其航行过程受到环境因素的影响很大。针对以上情况,本文考虑了自动帆船的自身运动模型,以及在航行时受到的海风、海流和障碍物的影响,提出了自动帆船从起始点至目标点的路径规划算法。该算法通过帆船的平面运动模型来计算环境因素的影响,再通过强化学习中的Q-learning算法实现对于海上两点间的路径规划并同时实现规避障碍物。通过仿真实验证明了本文提出的自动航行帆船的路径规划算法是可行的。     

多参数帆船运动监测系统研究

本文根据帆船运动操作各部分的实际需要,寻找航向角、帆角、船速之间的定量关系,设计并实现了一套参数帆船运动监测系统。利用多传感器的有效数据融合,实现了相对于现在国内帆船运动数据测量的更高准确度的要求。通过在帆船搭建系统,进行多次出海训练采集有关运动数据,并MATLAB方法进行数据分析,实现了在某一风流条件下,帆角速度变化数据图和航向角速度变化数据图,为更好指导帆船训练比赛提供数据依据。     

乐清湾大乌港水道冲淤变化分析

大乌港水道位于乐清湾中湾西侧,是乐清湾内外湾水沙交换的主要潮流通道之一.根据1933--2005年间5个年份的水深地形资料,采用GIS技术建立大乌港水道不同年份的数字高程模型(DEM).通过模型叠合对大乌港水道近70年间进行数字化冲淤定量计算,结合实测水文泥沙、地貌形态、人类开发活动等资料综合分析表明:大乌港水道整体上...     

曹妃甸粉沙质海岸围垦后港内泥沙研究

粉沙质海岸离岸围垦后港内淤积引人关注。基于平面二维潮流数学模型,采用网格嵌套技术,模拟了渤海、曹妃甸海域潮流场;该海域泥沙为粘性沙,且围垦后港内流速很小,采用悬沙运动数学模型模拟了潮流和波浪作用下正常天气和大风天的含沙量场,分析了大风后含沙量衰减过程,计算了正常天气年淤积强度和大风天泥沙淤积厚度。计算表明,外海泥沙主要通过甸头东侧老龙沟进入港池水域。正常天气下,港内流速小,基本处于淤积环境,但由于外海含沙量小,港池水域年淤积厚度小于10 cm。大风浪作用下,曹妃甸海域含沙量明显增大,由老龙沟进入三港池的泥沙沿程落淤,港内普遍淤积,泥沙淤积厚度在5 cm以内。     

Determination and control of longshore sediment transport: A case study

The fishery harbor of Karaburun coastal village is located at the south west coast of the Black Sea. The significant waves coming from north eastern direction cause considerable rate of sediment transport along 4 km sandy beach towards the fishery harbor in the region. The resulting sediment deposition near and inside the harbor entrance prevents the boat traffic and cause a vital problem for the harbor operations. In order to determine the level and reasons of the sediment transport, the long-term observations of shoreline changes, the long-term statistical analysis of wind and wave characteristics in the region, and sediment properties have been performed. The data obtained from observations, measurements and analysis were discussed. The long-term statistics of deep water significant wave heights for each direction was discussed by comparing the results obtained from different data sources and methods. For shoreline evolution, the numerical study using one-line model was applied to describe the shoreline changes with respect to probable wave conditions. Initial shoreline was obtained from the digitized image in 1996 since there was no previous shoreline measurement of the site. The results were compared using the techniques of remote sensing obtained from sequent images using IKONOS and IRS1C/D satellites.     

季节性波浪动力作用下南湾弧形岸滩泥沙横向输运特征

响应季节性波候作用的泥沙输运特征是研究弧形海滩地貌变化及港工建筑的重要内容。基于南湾弧形海滩实际测量的冬、夏各11条剖面高程变化资料,将其划分为低潮间带、低中潮带、中潮带、高潮间带、低冲流带、中冲流带及其海滩后滨等7带,在此基础上利用经验正交函数(EOF)方法对各个带的体积变化进行分析,结果表明:1)南湾弧形海滩的泥沙以单向输运为主,并具有季节性变化特征,其中冬季泥沙在东南浪作用下,自陆向海输运,夏季泥沙在西南浪作用下自海向陆输运;2)南湾弧形海滩的泥沙分别在高潮带与中潮带、低冲流带与中冲流带之间存在频繁的双向输运;3)南湾弧形海滩不同岸段泥沙的横向输运因岬角的遮蔽能力、地形以及波浪作用的方向而有所差异。     

日照港30万吨原油码头港池与航道回淤预测分析

根据日照港30万吨级原油码头工程的设计要求,在拟建工程海域实测了2个站的大、中、小潮潮位和9条测线的流速、流向及含沙量。利用二维潮汐水流数学模型进行了潮位、流速和流向验证计算,综合研究了调查海区的泥沙运动和海底冲淤演变规律,并预测了冲淤趋势。在此基础上,重点对30万吨原油码头泊位、港池与航道的淤积进行了预测分析。分析结果表明,在正常水动力条件下,该港区内的平均年回淤速率不大,此港区适合建码头。     

近岸波浪和波生流环境中泥沙输运的数值模拟

Owing to lack of observational data and accurate definition,it is difficult to distinguish the Kuroshio intrusion water from the Pacific Ocean into the South China Sea(SCS).By using a passive tracer to identify the Kuroshio water based on an observation-validated three-dimensional numerical model MITgcm,the spatio-temporal variation of the Kuroshio intrusion water into the SCS has been investigated.Our result shows the Kuroshio intrusion is of distinct seasonal variation in both horizontal and vertical directions.In winter,the intruding Kuroshio water reaches the farthest,almost occupying the area from 18°N to 23°N and 114°E to 121°E,with a small branch flowing towards the Taiwan Strait.The intrusion region of the Kuroshio water decreases with depth gradually.However,in summer,the Kuroshio water is confined to the east of 118°E without any branch reaching the Taiwan Strait;meanwhile the intrusion region of the Kuroshio water increases from the surface to the depth about 205 m,then it decreases with depth.The estimated annual mean of Kuroshio Intrusion Transport(KIT) via the Luzon Strait is westward to the SCS in an amount of –3.86×106 m3/s,which is larger than the annual mean of Luzon Strait Transport(LST) of –3.15×106 m3/s.The KIT above 250 m accounts for 60%–80% of the LST throughout the entire water column.By analyzing interannual variation of the Kuroshio intrusion from the year 2003 to 2012,we find that the Kuroshio branch flowing into the Taiwan Strait is the weaker in winter of La Ni?a years than those in El Ni?o and normal years,which may be attributed to the wind stress curl off the southeast China then.Furthermore,the KIT correlates the Ni?o 3.4 index from 2003 to 2012 with a correlation coefficient of 0.41,which is lower than that of the LST with the Ni?o 3.4 index,i.e.,0.78.     

日照港西部海域海底地形与表层沉积特征

利用单波束测深仪和蚌式取样器进行了日照石臼港扩建码头西侧约50km~2海域1:2 000~1:10 000的水深地形测绘和底质分析工作。调查结果表明,日照港西部海域可分4个水深区,其地形和沉积特征如下:1)航道区,浅水航道区等深线平行于码头岸线,水深11m,经过疏浚已形成向南倾斜的四级阶梯地形,疏浚中心处水深24m。航道区底质以分选中等的砾砂为主;2)港池区,水深6 m,等深线与港池岸线平行,水深向南渐增,海底地形平坦,坡降比3‰。底质以分选较好的粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,近岸有少量分选较差的泥质砂质砾;3)涛雒-付疃河口区,水下三角洲地形明显,5m以浅等深线呈弧形向东南方向凸出,坡降比最大可达14.2‰,底质类型为分选极好的砂和粉砂质砂;4)浅海区,海底地形平坦,平均坡降比1.9‰,6~10m等深线呈NE-SW向平行向外海增大,近南扩码头端向东偏转,底质类型为分选好的砂质粉砂和粉砂,并呈平行于海岸线向深水区呈粗-细-粗的带状分布。底质类型分布与水深条件基本吻合,但深水区出现的底质粗化现象,分析认为可能与南扩码头的挑流作用有关,海底沉积物呈向南运移趋势。     

毛里塔尼亚友谊港上下游岸线演变模拟及预测

毛里塔尼亚友谊港处于典型的强沿岸输沙型沙质海岸,年平均沿岸输沙量为90×10~4~100×10~4m~3。由于防波堤工程对上游沿岸输沙的拦截,港区岸线冲淤变化强烈。根据实测资料分析,采用基于"一线理论"的岸线演变数学模型,对友谊港上下游岸线变化作了整体验证,统筹分析了港口工程对上游淤积和下游冲刷的影响。在此基础上,进一步预测了友谊港未来20年的岸线变化情况。结果表明,在港区现有建筑物布置情况下,下游岸线的大幅冲刷将危及陆域土堤的安全,是友谊港未来防护的重点之一。若考虑每隔一定年限在下游增建丁坝工程,形成丁坝群护岸工程,可延长下游岸线的冲刷防护范围,减小对陆域建筑物的威胁。     

Modeling sediment transport in the swash zone: A review

A critical review of conceptual and mathematical models developed in recent decades on sediment transport in the swash zone is presented. Numerous studies of the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the swash zone in recent years have pointed out the importance of swash processes in terms of science advancement and practical applications. Evidently, the hydrodynamics of the swash zone are complex and not fully understood. Key hydrodynamic processes include both high-frequency bores and low-frequency infragravity motions, and are affected by wave breaking and turbulence, shear stresses and bottom friction. The prediction of sediment transport that results from these complex and interacting processes is a challenging task. Besides, sediment transport in this oscillatory environment is affected by high-order processes such as the beach groundwater flow. Most relationships between sediment transport and flow characteristics are empirical, based on laboratory experiments and/or field measurements. Analytical solutions incorporating key factors such as sediment characteristics and concentration, waves and coastal aquifer interactions are unavailable. Therefore, numerical models for wave and sediment transport are widely used by coastal engineers. This review covers mechanisms of sediment transport, important forcing factors, governing equations of wave-induced flow, groundwater interactions, empirical and numerical relations of cross-shore and longshore sediment transport in the swash zone. Major advantages and shortcomings of various numerical models and approaches are highlighted and reviewed. These will provide coastal modelers an impetus for further detailed investigations of fluid and sediment transport in the swash zone.     

广西万尾岛金滩沿岸输沙计算与分析

依据CERC公式,年内代表浪向作用下,广西万尾岛金滩平直岸滩中部泥沙分别向东西两侧净输沙,意味着金滩中部有淘刷趋势而两端有淤积趋势,而实际上岸滩中部滩面长年基本稳定、未有明显侵蚀现象。分析认为公式计算成果反映的输沙特征定性仍然是正确的,岸滩能够维持稳定是因为还存在自海向岸的横向输沙补给沙源。当岸滩并非平直且足够长时,应完整分析纵、横向输沙才能更为合理地反映岸滩泥沙运动特征。