台风涌浪进入东海形成浪区的空间分布特征

西北太平洋台风外围的涌浪可穿过琉球群岛的海峡传入东海.本文采用1978-2018年的历史资料研究了有效波高2m及以上的涌浪穿过琉球群岛在东海所形成浪区的空间分布特征.结果 表明,沿适当角度的台风外围涌浪主要通过与那国海峡、宫古海峡、边户岬-与路岛水道、奄美-吐噶喇海峡传入东海,其余受到岛屿阻挡.筛选得到的40个台风案例...     

Distributional characteristics of planktonic Amphipoda (Hyperiidea) in the South Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

Ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｃ　Ａｍｐｈｉｐｏｄａ（Ｈｙｐｅｒｉｉｄｅａ）　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｓｏｕｔｈ　Ｈｕａｎｇｈａｉ　Ｓｅａ　ａｎｄ　Ｅａｓｔ　Ｃｈｉｎａ　ＳｅａＬｉｎＪｉｎｇｈｏｎｇａｎｄ...     

东海南部海域蟹类种类组成及分布特征

本文根据1998年5月(春)、8月(夏)、11月(秋)和1999年2月(冬)在东海南部海域的蟹类资源调查资料,结合近年相关渔业调查数据,研究分析了该渔场蟹类的种类组成、地理和区系分布及其数量分布的特点.结果表明该渔场蟹类有63种,隶属13科、38属,以热带和亚热带暖水性种为主,属印度-西太平洋区系中的中-日亚区,与南海关系最为密切,而与黄、渤海关系较为疏远.蟹类分布遍及整个调查海区,但时空分布差异明显,调查海区东南部和沿27°45′N一带海域,平均资源密度指数以夏季最高,达276.8kg/km2,秋季最低,仅为40.1kg/km2;同时蟹类数量分布与水深有较大的关系,以水深100~120m海域数量最大,这与主要种类细点圆趾蟹的分布海域区域明显相关;具有开发利用价值的经济种类有十几种,其渔获量占蟹类总渔获量83%,在渔业产量中占主导地位的为细点圆趾蟹、光掌、锈斑和武士等.     

东海赤潮异弯藻Heterosigma akashiwo的形态特征及其分子序列分析

将采集自东海南麂列岛海域水样进行分离、纯化,从中得到1株针胞藻,将其初步鉴定为赤潮异弯藻Heterosigma akashiwo(以下称东海藻株),并使用光学和荧光显微镜对其形态特征进行了详尽描述,及通过rDNA ITS序列测定、系统发育进化树构建和Jukes-Cantor距离矩阵分析,研究了其分子进化关系.结果表明:...     

东海中北部海域虾类群聚结构特征及空间分布

利用1998年5月(春)、8月(夏)、11月(秋)和1999年2月(冬)在东海26°00′~33°00′N、127°00′E以西海域的虾类资源调查资料,采用聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序(nMDS)法,对该海域虾类的种类组成、优势种和多样性等群聚结构特征进行了分析,并研究了虾类群聚结构的空间分布变化。结果表明:共鉴定到的71种虾类中,对虾科和管鞭虾科种类数为最多,优势种为假长缝拟对虾Parapenaeus fissuroides、戴氏赤虾Metapenaepsis dalei、方板赤虾Metapenaepsis tenella、鹰爪虾Trachypenaeus curvirostris、中华管鞭虾Solenoceracrassicornis和葛氏长臂虾Palaemon gravieri等17种,其中,春季的优势种数量为最多(14种),秋季次之(13种),夏、冬季则较少(均为10种)。虾类多样性指数(H′)秋季为最高,夏、冬季次之,春季则最小。东海中北部海域虾类可划分为A、B、C 3个群聚,A群聚主要分布在30°30′N以北海域,主要种类有哈氏仿对虾Parapenaeopsis hardwickii、细巧仿对虾Parapenaeopsistenella、鹰爪虾、中华管鞭虾和葛氏长臂虾等广温、广盐性种类;B群聚主要分布在28°30′~30°30′N海域,主要种类有须赤虾Metapenaepsis barbata、大管鞭虾Solenocera melantho、凹管鞭虾Solenocera koellbeli和东海红虾Plesionika izumiae等高温、高盐性浅海种;C群聚主要分布在28°30′N以南海域,主要种类有菲赤虾Metapenaepsis philippi和九齿扇虾Ibacus novemdentatus等高温、高盐性外海种。不同类型群聚的空间分布呈现重叠交错,故没有明显的划分边界,但密集分布的海域有所不同。不同群聚间虾类组成的季节变化具有一定的连续性,这保证了整个海域虾类分布的稳定性。     

Structure and sediment distribution in the western Bering Sea

Eleven seismic reflection profiles across Shirshov Ridge and the adjacent deep-water sedimentary basins (Komandorsky and Aleutian Basins) are presented to illustrate the sediment distribution in the western Bering Sea. A prominent seismic reflecting horizon, Reflector P (Middle—Late Miocene in age), is observed throughout both the Aleutian and Komandorsky Basins at an approximate subbottom depth of 1 km. This reflector is also present, in places, on the flanks and along the crest of Shirshov Ridge. The thickness of sediments beneath Reflector P is significantly different within the two abyssal basins. In the Aleutian Basin, the total subbottom depth to acoustic basement (basalt?) is about 4 km, while in the Komandorsky Basin the depth is about 2 km.Shirshov Ridge, a Cenozoic volcanic feature that separates the Aleutian and Komandorsky Basins, is an asymmetric bathymetric ridge characterized by thick sediments along its eastern flank and steep scarps on its western side. The southern portion of the ridge has more structural relief that includes several deep, sediment-filled basins along its summit.Velocity data from sonobuoy measurements indicate that acoustic basement in the Komandorsky Basin has an average compressional wave velocity of 5.90 km/sec. This value is considerably larger than the velocities measured for acoustic basement in the northwestern Aleutian Basin (about 5.00 km/sec) and in the central Aleutian Basin (5.40–5.57 km/sec). In the northwestern Aleutian Basin, the low-velocity acoustic basement may be volcaniclastic sediments or other indurated sediments that are overlying true basaltic basement. A refracting horizon with similar velocities (4.6–5.0 km/sec) as acoustic basement dips steeply beneath the Siberian continental margin, reaching a maximum subbottom depth of about 8 km. The thick welt of sediment at the base of the Siberian margin may be the result of sediment loading or tectonic depression prior to Late Cenozoic time.     

The migration patterns of the European flounder Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pleuronectidae,Pisces) at the southern limit of its distribution range: Ecological implications and fishery management

This study aims to determine the diversity of migration patterns of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)) present in the Minho estuary and in the adjacent coastal area (NW-Iberian Peninsula). Assessing the diversity of flounder migration patterns at the southern limit of its distribution allows the determination of characteristics of the species' ecology and provides useful information for fishery managers, since it is a regionally important estuarine fishery. An unexpected result of our study was that flounder appears to spawn in both estuarine and coastal areas and not just in coastal areas as was previously widely accepted. Our interpretation of otolith strontium distribution patterns from flounder specimens collected in the freshwater tidal area of the Minho estuary and in the lower estuary suggested that the flounders hatched in the estuary, while only 6.7% of those captured in the coastal area hatched in the coastal area. Ultimately, studies aimed at collecting larval stages and adult flounders must be made to confirm that flounders spawn in the estuary and to define new and better scientifically supported fishing policies, or simply to confirm the existing ones regarding temporal and spatial closures for each gear used in the Minho estuary.     

东海西部陆架海域水团的季节特征分析

On the basis of the CTD data and the modeling results in the winter and summer of 2009, the seasonal characteristics of the water masses in the western East China Sea shelf area were analyzed using a cluster analysis method. The results show that the distributions and temperature-salinity characteristics of the water masses in the study area are of distinct seasonal difference. In the western East China Sea shelf area, there are three water masses during winter, i.e., continental coastal water（CCW）, Taiwan Warm Current surface water（TWCSW） and Yellow Sea mixing water（YSMW）, but four ones during summer, i.e., the CCW, the TWCSW, Taiwan Warm Current deep water（TWCDW） and the YSMW. Of all, the CCW, the TWCSW and the TWCDW are all dominant water masses. The CCW, primarily characterized by a low salinity, has lower temperature, higher salinity and smaller spatial extent in winter than in summer. The TWCSW is warmer, fresher and smaller in summer than in winter, and it originates mostly from the Kuroshio surface water（KSW） northeast of Taiwan, China and less from the Taiwan Strait water during winter, but it consists of the strait water and the KSW during summer. The TWCDW is characterized by a low temperature and a high salinity, and originates completely in the Kuroshio subsurface water northeast of Taiwan.     

Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks from the northern East China Sea shelf margin and the Okinawa Trough

Volcanic rocks both from the northern East China Sea (NECS) shelf margin and the northern Okinawa Trough are subalkaline less aluminous,and lower in High Field Strength Elements (HFSE).These rocks are higher in Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE),thorium and uranium contents,positive lead anomalies,negative Nb-Ta anomalies,and enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE).Basalts from the NECS shelf margin are akin to Indian Ocean Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB),and rhyolites from the northern Okinawa Trough have the highest 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios.The NECS shelf margin basalts have lower 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios,ε N d and σ 18 O than the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks.According to 40 K– 40 Ar isotopic ages of basalts from the NECS shelf margin,rifting of the Okinawa Trough may have been active since at least 3.65–3.86 Ma.The origin of the NECS shelf margin basalt can be explained by the interaction of melt derived from Indian Ocean MORB-like mantle with enriched subcontinental lithosphere.The basalts from both sides of the Okinawa Trough may have a similar origin during the initial rifting of the Okinawa Trough,and the formation of basaltic magmas closely relates to the thinning of continental crust.The source of the formation of the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks was different from that of the middle Okinawa Trough,which could have been generated by the interaction of basaltic melt with an enriched crustal component.From the Ryukyu island arc to East China,the Cenozoic basalts have apparently increasing trends of MgO contents and ratios of LREE to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE),suggesting that the trace element variabilities of basalts may have been influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate,and that the effects of subduction of the Philippine Sea plate on the chemical composition of basaltic melts have had a decreasing effect from the Ryukyu island arc to East China.     

东海典型水体的黄色物质光谱吸收及分布特征

水体中的有色可溶性有机物(又称"黄色物质")是遥感监测水质分类的主要参数之一,研究其光谱吸收性质具有重要的实际意义。东海海区受长江冲淡水等陆源输入的影响,水体浑浊,光学性质复杂,以往对该区域CDOM吸收特征的研究相对较少。利用"九○八"我国近海海洋光学调查航次数据,获得了2006-2007年四个季节东海水体样品CDOM的光谱吸收数据,建立了包括杭州湾高浑浊水体、长江冲淡水、外海水体等东海不同水体类型的CDOM光谱模型及其典型波段的吸收系数分布情况。发现近岸受陆源输入影响大的海区其光谱性质与外海有明显区别,主要体现为近岸尤其在杭州湾附近站点短波段吸收系数值非常高,而且随波长增加吸收系数曲线衰减迅速,同时还有一定的季节变化,外海站点短波段吸收值则明显要低。这反映了CDOM的陆源输入特性,愈向外受到海水的混合稀释作用愈显著,验证了CDOM可以作为近岸海水水质监测的重要参数。对该海区内CDOM的实测荧光性质进行了相关分析,结果表明CDOM荧光与吸收系数之间有很好的线性相关关系,可以作为荧光方法遥感监测该海区CDOM的有价值的参考。     

Water masses and decadal variability in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

Water masses in the East Sea are newly defined based upon vertical structure and analysis of CTD data collected in 1993–1999 during Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas (CREAMS). A distinct salinity minimum layer was found at 1500 m for the first time in the East Sea, which divides the East Sea Central Water (ESCW) above the minimum layer and the East Sea Deep Water (ESDW) below the minimum layer. ESCW is characterized by a tight temperature–salinity relationship in the temperature range of 0.6–0.12 °C, occupying 400–1500 m. It is also high in dissolved oxygen, which has been increasing since 1969, unlike the decrease in the ESDW and East Sea Bottom Water (ESBW). In the eastern Japan Basin a new water with high salinity in the temperature range of 1–5 °C was found in the upper layer and named the High Salinity Intermediate Water (HSIW). The origin of the East Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW), whose characteristics were found near the Korea Strait in the southwestern part of the East Sea in 1981 [Kim, K., & Chung, J. Y. (1984) On the salinity-minimum and dissolved oxygen-maximum layer in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), In T. Ichiye (Ed.), Ocean Hydrodynamics of the Japan and East China Seas (pp. 55–65). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers], is traced by its low salinity and high dissolved oxygen in the western Japan Basin. CTD data collected in winters of 1995–1999 confirmed that the HSIW and ESIW are formed locally in the Eastern and Western Japan Basin. CREAMS CTD data reveal that overall structure and characteristics of water masses in the East Sea are as complicated as those of the open oceans, where minute variations of salinity in deep waters are carefully magnified to the limit of CTD resolution. Since the 1960s water mass characteristics in the East Sea have changed, as bottom water formation has stopped or slowed down and production of the ESCW has increased recently.     

Characteristics and distribution patterns of reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in deep water areas: the western South China Sea

As a potential oil and gas reservoir, reef complexes have been a research focus from petroleum geologists for a long time. There are favorable conditions for the development of reef complexes in the South China Sea; however, their internal structures, evolution and distribution are still poorly understood. Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the internal structures and evolution patterns of the reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in the deep water areas over the western South China Sea were studied in detail. The result shows that two types of reef complexes, i.e., fault controlling platform margin reef complexes and ramp reef complexes have been developed in the study area. The reef complexes have independent or continuous mound or lenticular seismic reflections, with three internal structures (i.e., aggrading, prograding and retrograding structures). There are different growth rates during the evolution of the reef complexes, resulting in the formation of catch-up reefs, keep-up reefs and quick step reefs. The study also reveals that different platform margin reef complexes have different internal structures and distributions, because of the different platform types. These results may be applied to the exploration and prediction of carbonate platform margin reef complexes in other areas that are similar to the study area.     

Ecological characteristics of Ostracoda in the South Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

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Fluctuations of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

Variations in the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) since the early middle Miocene were inferred from data on age-depth relationships, sediment carbonate, and benthic foraminifers from ODP sites 794, 795, and 797. The CCD remained relatively shallow during much of the middle Miocene–Pliocene, and deepened sharply at the beginning of the Pleistocene. Since then it has fluctuated rapidly, possibly in relation to the onset of the northern hemisphere glacial cycles in the late Pliocene. The average CCD has deepened since at least the early middle Miocene, coinciding with the long-term drop in eustatic sea level. Received: 5 November 1998 / Revision accepted: 2 February 2000     

Seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea) in the East China Sea

On the basis of the four-season investigation in 23°30′~33°N and 118°30′~128°E of the East China Sea from 1997 to 2000, the seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus was studied with aggregation intensity, regression contribution and other statistical methods. It was inferred that C. sinicus’s predominance presented from winter to summer, especially in spring and summer, because its dominance amounted to 0.62 and 0.29 respectively. The percent of its abundance in copepod abundance was 76.71% in summer, greater than 66.60% in spring, greater than 19.02% in winter, greater than 4.02% in autumn. The occurrence frequency in winter and spring was 83.08% and 93.89%, higher than that in summer and autumn, 76.71% and 73.87%. Compared with other dominant species of copepods, C. sinicus’s contribution to the copepod abundance was obviously greater than that of the other species in winter, summer and spring, but smaller in autumn. C. sinicus tended to have an aggregated distribution. The clumping index peaked in summer (50.19), followed in spring (19.60), declined in autumn (13.18) and was the lowest in winter (3.04). The abundance changed in different seasons and areas, relating to temperature but not salinity in spring and autumn, to salinity but not temperature in summer; to neither temperature nor salinity in winter. In spring and summer, its high abundance area was often located in the mixed water mass formed by the Taiwan Warm Current, the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass, the coastal water masses and the Changjiang Dilute Water. In spring and autumn, its abundance was affected by the warm current, as well as the runoff from continental rivers affected it in summer. It can be inferred that C. sinicus was adapted to wide salinity and temperature, as a euryhalinous and eurythermous species in the East China Sea.     

琉球群岛以东的西边界流与东海黑潮流量时空特征的研究

通过最新的高分辨率再分析海洋数据资料,对于东海黑潮以及琉球群岛以东海域的海流进行了研究。结果表明琉球群岛以东西边界流最大流速出现在600~1200 m深度的地形坡度最大处,大小约为0.2 m/s。由于冲绳岛以南庆良间水道的水交换对于东海黑潮流量有重要的影响,东海黑潮的平均流量从南向北逐渐递增,平均流量为28×106~35×106m3/s;琉球群岛以东的西边界流流量则比东海黑潮小一个量级,平均值小于其变化的方差;由于受庆良间水道海流的影响,冲绳岛东侧的流量要远小于奄美大岛东侧的流量。同一纬度大洋中西传的Rossby波对琉球群岛以东的西边界流有较大影响,因此琉球群岛以东西边界流的流量有大约100 d的显著变化周期。庆良间水道以南的东海黑潮由于主要受台湾以东黑潮流量的控制,也有大约100 d的显著变化周期,庆良间水道以北的东海黑潮则没有该特征。     

The vertical distribution of zooplankton in the western Irish Sea

Zooplankton diel vertical migration is evident on the mixed isothermal side of the western Irish Sea frontal system but is often influenced by large tides and persistent geostrophic currents. On the stratified side of the front, temperature acts as a controlling factor with most of the zooplankton occurring above the thermocline and carrying out pronounced vertical migration when chlorophyll a levels are low and diffuse. At higher chlorophyll levels, when discrete chlorophyll a maxima form, zooplankton vertical movement may be greatly modified with a large number of species and stages concentrating within these maxima at all times of the diel light cycle.     

The Air-Sea Exchange of CO2 in the East Sea (Japan Sea)

During CREAMS expeditions, fCO₂ for surface waters was measured continuously along the cruise tracks. The fCO₂ in surface waters in summer varied in the range 320–440 μatm, showing moderate supersaturation with respect to atmospheric CO₂. In winter, however, fCO₂ showed under-saturation of CO₂ in most of the area, while varying in a much wider range from 180 to 520 μatm. Some very high fCO₂ values observed in the northern East Sea (Japan Sea) appeared to be associated with the intensive convection system developed in the area. A gas-exchange model was developed for describing the annual variation of fCO₂ and for estimating the annual flux of CO₂ at the air-sea interface. The model incorporated annual variations in SST, the thickness of the mixed layer, gas exchange associated with wind velocity, biological activity and atmospheric concentration of CO₂. The model shows that the East Sea releases CO₂ into the atmosphere from June to September, and absorbs CO₂ during the rest of the year, from October through May. The net annual CO₂ flux at the air-sea interface was estimated to be 0.032 (±0.012) Gt-C per year from the atmosphere into the East Sea. Water column chemistry shows penetration of CO₂ into the whole water column, supporting a short turnover time for deep waters in the East Sea. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.