罗兰C信号中的窄带干扰抑制与仿真

窄带干扰（NBI）是罗兰C接收机接收信号中普遍存在的一种干扰。这种窄带干扰经常淹没有用的罗兰C信号,因此,去掉NBI对罗兰C接收机的正常工作尤为重要。分别采用最小均方误差（LMS）自适应算法和二阶自适应格型滤波器算法对带有窄带干扰的罗兰C信号进行处理。仿真结果得出：LMS自适应滤波器对同步干扰和近同步干扰都有很好的效果;但是由于罗兰C信号本身的编码信息而比较难获取期望信号,加上LMS自适应滤波器实现阶数较高,实现相对困难。二阶格型自适应滤波器由于是完全除去干扰频率点,不能用于同步干扰,但其对近同步干扰和非同步干扰仍然有很好的效果,且其实现较为简单,易于在工程上应用。     

A GNSS interference identification using an adaptive cascading IIR notch filter

A low-complexity time-domain approach for global navigation satellite systems is proposed to detect and identify single-tone, multi-tone, swept continuous wave interference (CWI) and band-limited white Gaussian noise (BLWN). An adaptive notch filter and adaptive cascading filter structure are employed to identify the type of interference signals. The number of the cascading stages is selected by comparing the total power in receiver bandpass, and after, passing the adaptive notch filter. For this reason, the proposed filter structure is more efficient in identifying and mitigating interference signals than the conventional filter structure. In addition, the automatic gain control gain is used to detect the existence of continuous wave interference. The performance of the interference detection and identification method is evaluated for the cases of GPS signal in the presence of single-tone, multi-tone, swept CWI and BLWN.     

卫星导航接收机基于IIR陷波器的单频干扰抑制性能分析

单频干扰对卫星导航系统的破坏性很强,仅靠系统自身的抗干扰能力很难保证系统正常工作。因此,有必要引入干扰抑制技术。在现有的众多抑制单频干扰的信号处理手段中,时域陷波抑制技术因其实现简单、抗干扰性能好等优点而被广泛使用。针对单频干扰对卫星导航接收机的影响,分析了IIR陷波器的陷波原理,比较了直接型和格型两种陷波器的性能,研究了陷波器参数与零陷深度、陷波带宽的关系,并基于二阶陷波器扩展分析了高阶陷波器的抑制性能。通过仿真实验,验证了上述结论的正确性。     

A preventative approach to mitigating CW interference in GPS receivers

In the global positioning system (GPS), code division multiple access (CDMA) signals are used. Because of the known spectral characteristics of the CDMA signal, continuous wave (CW) interference has a predictable effect on the different pseudo random noise (PRN) spreading codes (unique to each satellite) depending on the Doppler frequency of the signal. The Doppler frequency for each signal is also predictable once the receiver position is known. As different satellite signals have different Doppler frequencies, the effect on the signal quality is also different. In this paper first the effect is studied analytically. The concept of an “exclusion zone” is defined and analyzed for each satellite. This exclusion zone, where that satellite should not be used due to interference degradation, is shown to be predictable for each satellite as a function of time. Using this prediction, the CW interference effect on the positioning quality of the receiver can be mitigated by ignoring the affected satellites within exclusion zones when performing position evaluation. The threshold beyond which a satellite should be excluded is then derived by studying the mutual effects of the geometry and the signal quality of that satellite on the positioning quality. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) uses redundancy in measurements to perform an internal consistency check to see if all of the measurements are satisfactory. In this paper this technique is also used to mitigate the effect of CW interference on the positioning accuracy. Finally it is shown that the prediction of the exclusion zone for each satellite outperforms the RAIM algorithm in mitigation the effect of the interference when 5 satellites are visible. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Narrow-Band Interference Suppression for SAR Based on Complex Empirical Mode Decomposition

Narrow-band interference (NBI) is a common interference source in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. Its existence will degrade the imaging quality greatly. Based on detailed analysis on the characteristics of NBI, this letter proposes a new NBI suppression algorithm using the complex empirical mode decomposition (CEMD) method. In this algorithm, echoes that include NBI are recognized in the time domain first. Then, these echoes are decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) via the CEMD. After that, IMFs that correspond to NBI are subtracted from the echoes by thresholding. Finally, well-focused SAR imagery can be obtained from the separated target echoes using traditional SAR imaging algorithms. The effective data loss in this algorithm is smaller than other NBI suppression approaches. In addition, this algorithm is robust to time-varying NBI. Imaging results of measured data have proved the validity of this algorithm.      

Eigensubspace-Based Filtering With Application in Narrow-Band Interference Suppression for SAR

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has found wide applications in many areas, e.g., battlefield awareness. However, SAR is vulnerable to various kinds of interference, among which narrow-band interference (NBI) is commonly used. In this letter, an eigensubspace-based filtering approach is proposed for NBI suppression in SAR without using passive-sniff data as the reference signal. Moreover, the proposed method can deal with smart or interrupted NBI. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach     

基于SYSTOLIC阵列的空频联合自适应调零算法

在卫星导航自适应调零天线研究领域,分为超高自由度算法方向与稳健自适应计算方向。超高自由度算法的代表是空频自适应处理(SFAP),SFAP极大的增加了自适应计算的自由度,可以提高通道失配时系统的干扰抑制度。稳健自适应计算的代表是QR-RLS算法,因为QR-RLS算法属于数据域算法,因此它对自相关矩阵条件数恶化具有很好的适应性。结合两种算法的优点,给出一种SYSTOLIC-SFAP算法。该算法在SFAP框架下,采用SYSTOLIC阵列完成QR-RLS自适应计算,具有对通道失配不敏感且收敛性能良好的特点。      

空时自适应处理中卫星信号互相关峰值偏移分析

将空时自适应处理建模为一个有限冲激响应（FIR）滤波器,分析了空时自适应处理对导航信号的码相位偏移。该滤波器的响应同时取决于信号的频率和入射方向,将滤波器的输出与本地序列进行相关,可求得互相关峰值的偏移量。以GPS中的C/A码为例,针对空时自适应处理中典型的最小方差（MV）和最小方差无失真响应（MVDR）准则进行了仿真实验。结果表明,干扰从低仰角入射时影响范围更大,而MV准则在抑制干扰的同时,带来的互相关峰值偏移较MVDR更加明显。     

卫星导航系统地面监控站站间通信抗干扰研究

全球卫星导航系统中,地面监测站和主控站通信传输容易受到宽带和窄带干扰的影响,导致卫星导航系统精确性和完好性降低。分析研究利用扩频增益抑制宽带干扰和利用陷波滤波器抑制窄带干扰,解决地面监测站和主控站站间通信抗宽带和窄带干扰问题,为增强卫星导航系统精确性和完好性提供了保障。     

A new algorithm of energy suppression for satellite navigation

The satellite navigation anti-interference technique, especially space anti-interference technique, is subjected to many restrictions, such as cost, energy depletion, and so on, and the satellite signal strength is limited by the International Radio Advisory Committee, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and satellite companies. This paper focuses on satellite navigation systems, especially satellite navigation systems adopting direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). The notch filter is used to ...     

减小有用信号损失的BDS窄带干扰抑制技术研究

窄带干扰抑制的关键在于抑制干扰的同时尽可能地减少有用信号的损耗,论文基于时频域结合的干扰抑制方法,在完成频域干扰参数检测的基础上,重点针对影响干扰抑制效果和有用信号损耗的关键环节——无线冲激响应（IIR）陷波器的设计展开研究,根据零极点配置原理,通过理论研究和详细的推导分析,提出通过增加一对零极点,并结合理论计算确定极角与极径,在保证通带增益可控且过渡带对称的前提下,使陷波器得到更为陡峭的带阻特性,理论上可减少有用信号的损耗、提高抑制干信比. 与目前主流的时域最小均方算法（LMS）算法、基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）的频域抑制算法和传统型时频域结合算法的仿真结果对比证明,提出的方法捕获峰噪比分别提升了53.47％、8.369％和5.907％,平均输出载噪比分别提升了5.1472 dB、2.0037 dB和0.5086 dB,在有效抑制干扰的同时,保留了更多的导航信号.      

变换域自适应抗干扰方法及其FPGA实现

针对卫星扩频通信中的强窄带干扰,提出了一种基于频域处理的自适应窄带干扰抑制技术.该方法是将时域信号通过傅立叶变换形成一组近似正交的分量,在不相关的各频率点上分别进行LMS滤波.采用FPGA芯片EP2S60F48414完成自适应滤波器设计.结果表明:该频域算法运算量以及收敛性都优于时域滤波,具有很好的抗干扰性能.     

卫星导航系统抗干扰问题研究

针对卫星导航系统的脆弱性和干扰来源,对卫星导航系统的抗干扰技术进行了研究,重点对接收机天线、射频前端、基带处理三大模块的抗干扰技术以及自适应滤波技术进行介绍和分析,对各类抗干扰技术所能抑制的干扰类型、抗干扰原理、发展状况进行阐述。分别总结了窄带干扰、宽带干扰、多径干扰适用的抗干扰技术、研究热点及存在的问题,提出了卫星导航系统抗干扰技术的发展趋势。     

A Novel Approach of Despeckling SAR Images Using Nonlocal Means Filtering

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a day and night, all weather satellite imaging technology. Inherent property of SAR image is speckle noise which produces granular patterns in the image. Speckle noise occurs due to the interference of backscattered echo from earth’s rough surface. There are various speckle reduction techniques in spatial domain and transform domain. Non local means filtering (NLMF) is the technique used for denoising which uses Gaussian weights. In NLMF algorithm, the filtering is performed by taking the weighted mean of all the pixels in a selected search area. The weight given to the pixel is based on the similarity measure calculated as the weighted Euclidean distance over the two windows. Non local means filtering smoothes out homogeneous areas but edges are not preserved. So a discontinuity adaptive weight is used in order to preserve heterogeneous areas like edges. This technique is called as discontinuity adaptive non local means filtering and is well-adapted and robust in the case of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) model. But speckle is a multiplicative random noise and hence Euclidean distance is not a good choice. This paper presents evaluation results of using different distance measures for improving the accuracy of the Non local means filtering technique. The results are verified using real and synthetic images and from the results it can be concluded that the usage of Manhattan distance improves the accuracy of NLMF technique. Non local approach is used as a preprocessing or post processing technique for many denoising algorithms. So improving NLMF technique would help improving many of the existing denoising techniques.     

基于双向C波段数据站间时间同步

卫星导航系统时间同步技术是系统的关键技术之一,用于实现卫星和地面站时间统一,其水平直接影响导航系统定位精度。时间同步技术主要包括星地、星间和站间时间同步技术,其中站间时间同步技术又包括了时间频率传递技术、卫星共视技术等。本文详细讨论了站间时间频率传递方法的基本原理和模型,推导了误差模型,分析了影响站间时间频率传递精度的因素,并处理了实际的站间双向C波段数据,分析了站间时间频率传递的精度,结果表明时间频率传递实现的站间时间同步精度1ns。     

一种抑制GPS射频干扰的空频自适应处理算法

为了提高窄带干扰与期望卫星信号同向时的抑制性能,提出了一种新的空频自适应滤波算法。该算法首先利用频域实系数自适应滤波对信号进行预处理抑制窄带干扰,然后在频域直接对处理后的信号进行空频自适应处理抑制宽带干扰。算法在预处理时采用自适应滤波可有效减少期望卫星信号的损失以及SFAP导向矢量误差。仿真实验表明,相对于普通的空时及空频自适应处理算法,新算法有效地提高了输出信干噪比,在干扰与信号同向的情况下也能表现出优良的处理性能。     

基于波束控制的卫星导航接收机抗干扰算法研究

卫星导航接收机抗干扰技术是接收机设计的一项关键技术。在研究基于功率反演的空域自适应抗干扰算法基础上,提出了采用基于波束控制的抗干扰算法,并进行了仿真计算,结果表明：该算法明显提高了接收机抗干扰性能。     

基于频分相分联合的正交复用技术研究

随着导航系统的增多,导航频段越来越拥挤,不同导航系统和不同卫星之间的干扰愈发严重. 二进制偏移载波调制方式是通过设计分裂功率谱来减少频谱混叠,以削弱互相关干扰的影响,但其没有考虑子载波相位的关系,存在进一步优化的空间.本文通过综合考虑子载波的频率和相位关系,使不同卫星信号间得到近似正交的互相关性能,从而有效削弱卫星信号之间的干扰.      

中波红外图像条纹处理方法

卫星搭载的有效载荷在进行在轨对地观测过程中,受仪器本身特性和地球固有特性因素的影响,在图像上会产生多种观测失准和干扰现象。如图像旋转现象,蝴蝶结效应以及探元非均匀性条纹现象等。针对这类可以预见到的冗余和条纹,对仪器设计优化以及借助卫星星历轨道等辅助数据和成熟的图像处理算法可以对其实现有效地恢复。仪器在轨运行期间新引入的周期性或非周期性干扰,则需综合运用多种数据来源和关于干扰产生原理的先验知识,并结合图像处理手段实现图像恢复,同时保存原有辐射信息的真实性,为定量研究提供高质量可靠的数据准备。本研究针对某卫星中波红外图像干扰条纹,利用星上定标数据,并通过条纹现象分析和产生机理分析,探索了一种新的基于空域信号补偿原理的图像干扰条纹处理算法,通过大量图像数据处理实践证明,该算法对图像质量改善明显,且在动态范围和辐射信息保存方面优于传统频域滤波算法。     

发射信号不完善性对卫星导航系统内及系统间干扰的影响分析

研究了3种典型的卫星发射信号不完善性——载波泄漏、互调失真和杂散辐射对于卫星导航信号的接收所带来的干扰,通过信号建模以及谱分离系数、码跟踪谱灵敏度系数和等效载噪比的解析计算对干扰效果进行量化分析;针对GPS和Galileo系统L1/E1频段的信号进行了多层次的仿真计算,给出了综合考虑噪声、信号损耗、外源干扰、GNSS系统内和系统间干扰,以及3种信号不完善性单独作用、两两组合和综合作用下的结果,其中对于GPS L1C/A短码考虑了电文调制对线谱的影响。结果表明,当总的不完善干扰功率水平达到一定程度后,其对接收机信号捕获跟踪和解调的影响大于系统间干扰,不能忽略。