共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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1980年圣海伦斯火山爆发对之后30年火山学研究的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1980年5月18日,圣海伦斯火山发生了一次大规模喷发,这一事件令科学家和大众惊叹不已。巨大的山体滑坡、气浪以及随之而来的柱状喷发(高达25km,持续时间长达9hr)等影像记录震惊全世界,同时也激起了人们对此次火山喷发事件研究的兴趣(图1)。 相似文献
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火山学家不需用水晶球来预测他们学科的未来方向。他们只需倾听墨西哥城附近的Pocopatépetl火山隆隆的轰鸣声或观察其他火山的烟雾和流体 ,就足以提醒他们有必要更好地了解和预测这些经常成为自然灾害的自然现象的行为。2 0 0 0年 1 2月 1 5日 ,在旧金山召开的美国地球物理联合会秋季会议的一个简况介绍会上讨论了“2 0 1 0年的火山学”这样一个并不遥远的话题。出席简况介绍会的火山学家们说 ,虽然已有许多仪器设备可以帮助我们更好地了解火山的活动过程 ,但仍需要有更多的方法 ,以及不断增加的公众认知范围 ,不断涌现的新火山学家和其他… 相似文献
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无论是靠近还是远离火山的地方都会遭受到火山活动带来的灾害 ,火山灾害大多是由火山喷发直接造成 ,也有一些是火山平静时产生的。火山喷发的气体、火山泥流 ,火山引起的山崩 ,火山熔岩流 ,火山碎屑流和火山灰都会造成人类生命财产的损失。例如 ,1980年美国华盛顿州的圣海伦斯山的火山泥流、山崩、火山碎屑流和火山灰 ,1989年至 1990年阿拉斯加多面堡头山的火山泥流 ,196 0年、1986年和 1990年夏威夷 kilanea火山喷出的气体和熔岩流 ;195 0年、1984年 ,冒纳罗亚火山溶岩流 ;哥伦比亚内华达德1985年的火山泥流 ;Hulla火山 1994年的火山泥流… 相似文献
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长白山天池全新世以来的火山喷发与灾害风险初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
概述了长白山天池火山全新世以来的喷发及其构造活动,其中喷发物以玄武质、碱流质为主,规模大。文中着重探讨了天池火山的风险性和未来的火山灾害。可为制定火山灾害对策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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R. Cioni A. Bertagnini R. Santacroce D. Andronico 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
A new proposal for the classification of Somma-Vesuvius (SV) explosive activity is presented, based on a critical revision of a large set of published and unpublished stratigraphic, compositional, and physical volcanology data on the products of the past 20,000 years of activity. The new database is used to discuss the general behaviour of the volcano in terms of frequency, magnitude and intensity of the events, as well as of the length of the repose time which preceded each eruption. Several different types of eruption are recognized, each characterised by specific physical eruptive parameters: plinian, subplinian (further subdivided in subplinian I and subplinian II), violent strombolian, ash emission events. For each eruption type, a complex scenario is described, with phases of different style, duration, magnitude and intensity occurring during the course of the eruption itself. The name given to each eruption type is derived from the style of the most representative part of the eruption (in terms of duration or volume). 相似文献
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PRELIMINARY VOLCANIC HAZARD ZONATION IN JINLONGDINGZI VOLCANO,LONGANG VOLCANO AREA,JILIN PROVINCE,CHINA 下载免费PDF全文
Longgang volcano cluster is 150km away from the Tianchi volcano, located in Jingyu and Huinan Counties, Jilin Province, China. It had a long active history and produced hundreds of volcanoes. The latest and largest eruption occurred between 1 500 and 1 600 years ago by Jinlongdingzi(JLDZ)volcano which had several eruptions in the history. This paper discusses the volcanic hazard types, and using the numerical simulations of lava flow obtained with the Volcflow model, proposes the hazard zonation of JLDZ volcano area. JLDZ volcano eruption type is sub-plinian, which produced a great mass of tephra fallout, covering an area of 260km2. The major types of volcanic hazards in JLDZ area are lava flow, tephra fallout and spatter deposits. Volcflow is developed by Kelfoun for the simulation of volcanic flows. The result of Volcflow shows that the flows are on the both sides of the previous lava flows which are low-lying areas now. According to the physical parameters of historical eruption and Volcflow, we propose the preliminary volcanic hazard zonation in JLDZ area. The air fall deposits are the most dangerous product in JLDZ. The highly dangerous region of spatter deposits is limited to a radius of about 2km around the volcano. The high risk area of tephra fallout is between 2km to 9km around the volcano, and between 9km to 14km is the moderate risk area. Out of 14km, it is the low risk area. Lava flow is controlled by topography. From Jinchuan Town to Houhe Village near the volcano is the low-lying area. If the volcano erupts, these areas will be in danger. 相似文献
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数据库的建立是信息系统形成的基础,而对灾害的深入分析和研究有赖于信息系统的支持。本文简述了火山灾害研究的一般方法,提出了长白山火山灾害数据库建立的基本设想,并讨论了其未来的应用方向。 相似文献
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以当代火山物理的观点和思路对黑龙江省五大连池老黑山火烧山进行了研究。在旧锥锥体上部发现滞后角砾岩,在其下部坡脚发现有涌浪(surge)堆积物的存在,对形成过程和机制做了一些解释。 相似文献
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Effect of gas emissions from Tianchi volcano (NE China) on environment and its potential volcanic hazards 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
One of largest eruptions in the Tianchi volcano during the Holocene occurred in about 1000 years ago[1―3]. The volcanic ash erupted had been found in Japan, which is more than 1000 km from the Tianchi volcanic vent[4,5]. Moreover, this eruption has been recognized in the study of Greenland ice core (GISP2)[6,7]. There have been many studies about eruption products of the Tianchi volcano, which dominantly focused on petrological, geochemical and volcanic eruptive dynamic aspects[8―10]. On… 相似文献
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讨论了有关五大连池火山的构造背景,区域构造特征,历史和现代火山活动以及火山灾害及其预报和防治等等。 相似文献