漳州地震台阵背景噪声的特性研究

对2007年10~12月在福建省漳州地区进行的勘址观测数据进行了分析,采用了均方根、功率谱、相干函数等方法对漳州地区的地震背景噪声水平进行了研究。研究结果表明,漳州台阵内环半径参考值为510m,外环半径参考值为1700m。滨临海边的台阵勘址测点噪声水平偏高,并在1.5、5.0Hz处发现明显噪声源。1.5Hz噪声源主要来自水库地区的大风引起的水波,5.0Hz噪声源来自台阵场地东北方向的发电厂。     

西拉木伦断裂带东沿背景噪声特征分析

利用中国地震局的“中国地震科学台阵——华北地区东部”(简称科学台阵3.2期)项目西拉木伦断裂带东沿地区26个流动台站连续观测数据，通过计算其加速度功率谱密度和相应的概率密度函数及1～20 Hz频段速度均方根值，研究西拉木伦断裂带东沿地区背景噪声特征。研究结果表明，高频段背景噪声时空分布差异性显著，噪声源主要来自人类活动；微震频段背景噪声主要来自海洋活动，其中高频微震频段背景噪声没有时空分布差异；低频微震频段背景噪声有一定的时空分布差异，白天差异性相比夜间更突出，这主要因温度变化和观测井微变形引起；低频段，白天三分向噪声水平大于夜间，且水平向噪声水平和动态范围大于垂直向，主要因白天环境温度变化和地倾斜影响大于夜间，且水平向对温度和地倾斜比垂直向更敏感导致。     

内蒙古区域背景噪声特征分析

应用PDF方法,计算了内蒙古现运行48个测震台站0.01~20 Hz频带范围内的功率谱密度(PSD)和1~20 Hz频带范围内噪声均方根(RMS)值,定量分析了内蒙古区域背景噪声水平。结果显示:平均噪声水平属于Ⅰ类的台站有45个,Ⅱ类有3个;台站背景噪声在1 Hz以上频段内,主要受公路和人为影响;在0.6~1 Hz频段内背景噪声水平差异较小;在低频段,水平向受温度和湿度影响大于垂直向,山洞台受影响小于地面台。     

北京测震台网台基背景噪声特征

利用Welch算法,选取北京市测震台网28个测震台站地震连续波形中不同时段的无震记录,计算其台基噪声功率谱并进行背景噪声特征的统计分析,结果表明:北京市测震台网各台基噪声背景优势频率各有特征,高低频段噪声功率谱曲线差异大。在1~20Hz频段内,北京地区的背景噪声高值区出现在中心城区附近,低值区出现在北部的琉璃庙、密云和南部的上方山等台站,主要受人为噪声影响;在0.008~0.1Hz频段内,北京所有地区差异不大。     

利用功率谱检测气枪信号

使用北京台网记录的数据,利用功率谱方法对中海油渤海勘探部在渤海湾进行的气枪试验进行了分析。通过北京台网部分台站噪声功率谱与含有气枪信号信息的噪声功率谱进行的比较,发现频率0．2Hz左右含气枪信号信息的噪声功率谱明显高于不含气枪信号信息噪声功率谱。     

新冠疫情防控前后湖北恩施地震台背景噪声变化分析

利用2018年1月至2020年3月恩施地震台站观测的垂直分量连续波形数据,通过计算噪声功率谱密度和概率密度函数,统计其不同频段功率谱密度分布情况,对比分析疫情前后恩施地区噪声水平变化特征.同时,将2018年、2019年和2020年垂直向地震噪声的加速度幅值进行对比,发现春节前几日的加速度幅值变化曲线高度一致,表明这三年...     

Microseismic noise in northern European Russia: Seismic recordings in the town of Vorkuta

Microseismic noise was studied in the frequency range 0.5–30 Hz in the conditions prevailing in the town of Vorkuta. A seismic noise model was developed consisting of power spectral densities of ground motion velocity separately for daytime and nighttime in different frequency ranges. The absolute noise level for frequencies of 1–5 Hz in Vorkuta varies between −140 and −150 dB in daytime and from −152 to −158 dB in nighttime, with the ranges for the 8-15 Hz noise being −140 to −155 dB in daytime and −155 to −165 dB in nighttime. Well-pronounced daily variations in noise amplitude were observed in the frequency ranges 1.5–3 Hz and 14–17 Hz. The noise amplitude varies by 7 dB over 24 hours, with the amplitude of horizontal component variation being 5 dB above that of the vertical component. The power spectral densities of ground motion velocity in the microseismic noise involve several spectral peaks, whose central frequencies did not vary by more than 0.15 Hz during the entire period of instrumental observation. The seismic background in the town of Vorkuta contains seismic events due to distant earthquakes and local industrial explosions.     

四川盐源盆地短周期密集台阵背景噪声分布特征分析

短周期密集台阵的高频背景噪声互相关函数(NCF)是探查地球浅层精细结构的重要数据.然而高频背景噪声成分复杂且容易分布不均,分析其对NCF信号提取的影响,有助于获取可靠成像结果.本文基于布设于川滇地区盐源盆地的209个短周期台站组成的盐源台阵,利用密集台阵的噪声水平评估以及基于NCF的相干噪声分析两种方法,分析了其记录到的噪声波场特征及其对NCF的影响.结果表明,盐源台阵的整体噪声水平呈现北低南高的不均匀分布,高频噪声水平的强弱受控于当地的人类活动,亦受到浅部松散沉积层的影响.台阵垂直分量NCF中主要信号为基阶Rayleigh波,且产生该信号的相干噪声源的优势方位在不同频带具有较大区别:0.3～0.5Hz的噪声源强度较强且随时间变化较为稳定,主要能量来自台阵的南侧;0.5～1Hz的相干噪声源强度较低,有两个优势方向,其中较强的一个来自于台阵南侧,可能与0.3～0.5 Hz的噪声同源,较弱的一个来自于台阵北偏东方向;1～1.5Hz的背景噪声有四个较弱的优势方向,在台阵的不同区域有不同的优势方向,可能受到不同的局部噪声源的控制.垂向NCF中Rayleigh波的信噪比主要受控于波场的复杂程度,台阵南部受人文活动及沉积层影响,噪声水平较高,且由于盆山边缘复杂的反射、散射作用,其NCF波形复杂,信噪比偏低.受高频噪声源分布不均与及复杂地质结构的共同影响,盐源台阵的高频NCF中的信号复杂,后续对面波频散特征的提取应充分考虑噪声源对NCF的影响以获取可靠结果.     

乌加河地震台、乌力吉地震台台基噪声特征对比分析

利用2020年5月1—7日乌加河地震台、乌力吉地震台波形数据,应用噪声功率谱概率密度(PDF)方法,计算2个台站的台基噪声,分析了2种观察环境下的台基噪声特征及影响因素。结果显示,在小于0.1 Hz频段乌力吉地震台台基噪声值明显大于乌加河地震台,说明地震计在小于0.1 Hz 频段受环境温度影响的特征较显著;在大于1 Hz频段2个台站台基噪声值均有台阶性升高频段,这是由在该频段台基噪声受人为活动影响所致。     

THE P400 WATERGUN SOURCE IN THE QUEST FOR IMPROVED RESOLUTION AT ALL DEPTHS*

The low-frequency response of the P400 watergun is an improvement over that of the S80 version. It has been further enhanced by deployment in a vertically staggered array. The notch in the amplitude spectrum at about 35 Hz due to the interference between the precursor and main implosion pulse has been virtually eliminated, and depth notches due to the free surface interface at the upper end of the spectrum have been greatly reduced. The spectral band is thus very broad and well-shaped and corresponds to an even shorter signature. After convolution with the streamer ghost, the amplitude of the implosion pulse from the composite far-field signature is more than 30 times the composite precursor amplitude. Thus the signal approaches the minimum-phase condition. Shot-generated noise scattered back by diffractors located at or near seabed is the single greatest impediment to increased penetration, especially in high resolution surveys. Such noise decays much less rapidly than signal, particularly so with broad band data. Furthermore, back-scattered interference coming from a cone of bearings between 15–45° with respect to the line is particularly damaging since in these directions the stack enhances the interference and confuses the primary velocity analysis. The watergun source patterns are therefore element-weighted to maximize directivity within these critical directions in the frequency band 50–155 Hz. When spatial aliasing is reduced by increased streamer spatial sampling and by discrete anti-alias filters during the record cycle,f-k filtering can be applied to the field records as an effective supplement to the source and receiver patterns without the aliased ‘wrapped around’ noise alignments destroying the upper end of the spectrum of genuine reflectors. Furthermore, increased spatial sampling is a pre-requisite in thef-k-migration process if the valuable higher frequencies of broad band data are to be migrated in steep-dip situations without aliasing. Thus, spatial resolution is a necessary complement to temporal resolution if maximum advantage of the broad-band P400 watergun source is to be realized.     

小北湖火山台迁建前后观测数据对比分析

小北湖火山台原址位于原始森林保护区,按照林区防火要求,2019年选址迁建。选取迁建前后小北湖火山台观测数据,通过计算不同频段范围内背景噪声记录的加速度功率谱密度,分析了迁建前后地震观测台站的噪声特征。结果表明,在1—20 Hz频段内,迁建后功率谱噪声值普遍降低10—20 dB;从RMS值来看,UD向降低22.0%,EW向降低58.2%,NS向降低62.8%,达到Ⅰ级台基水平,迁建后井下环境抗干扰能力更强,观测效果更好。     

Analysis of broadband seismic noise at the German Regional Seismic Network and search for improved alternative station sites

The German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN) comprizes now 16 digital broadband stations equipped with Wieland-Streckeisen STS-2 seismometers, 24-bit dataloggers and a seismological data center at Erlangen. It covers the whole territory of Germany with station-spacings between 80 km to 240 km. The stations are sited in very different environments ranging from near shore at the Baltic Sea coast up to distances of about 700 km from the coast, both within cities and up to about 10 km away from any major settlement, industry or traffic roads. The underground varies from outcropping hard rocks in Hercynian mountain areas, sedimentary rocks in areas of Mesozoic platform cover to up to 1.5 km unconsolidated Quarternary and Tertiary subsoil. Accordingly, seismic background noise varies in a wide range between the upper and lower bounds of the new global noise model. The noise conditions at the GRSN have been investigated systematically by means of displacement power spectral analysis within the frequency range 10^-2 5 for RUE and > 10 for BSEG have been confirmed for frequencies between about 0.6 Hz 3 Hz. Strong lateral velocity and impedance contrasts between the outcropping Triassic/Permian sedimentary rocks and the surrounding unconsolidated Quarternary/Tertiary sediments are shown to be the main cause for the strong noise reduction and signal-to-noise ratio improvement at RUE and can account for about 50% of the noise reduction at BSEG.     

2011年日本MW9.0地震引发的海啸对地震背景噪声的影响

基于北美沿岸和内陆地震台站的连续地震波形记录,并结合沿岸台站附近布设的DART系统记录的海底压力数据以及预测潮汐数据,利用时频分析和极化分析方法对2011年3月11日日本东北部海域MW9.0大地震所激发的海啸对地震背景噪声所产生的影响予以深入分析.结果显示:海啸对高频噪声(1.3—1.5 Hz)以及短周期双频微地动噪声...     

2007年云南泞洱M_S6.4地震前滇西南地区震源动力学参数时空变化特征

本文根据在近震源条件下,利用Brune模式,由昆明数字遥测地震台网观测到的波形资料,测定了2005年1月至2007年5月期间滇西南地区98次ML≥2.5地震的震源动力学参数,分析了在2007年6月3日云南泞洱MS6.4地震前视应力和拐角频率的时空变化特征。泞洱MS6.4地震前,较高视应力(2.5×105 Pa以上)主要分布在红河断裂与无量山断裂之间,较低视应力(2.5×105 Pa以下)在空间的分布则显得较为分散、随机。较低的拐角频率(1.5Hz以下)集中分布在泞洱地震震中东北部的红河断裂与无量山断裂之间,随着频率的增大,分布范围逐渐向西南扩展,直到整个区域,较高的拐角频率(3.5Hz以上)则集中分布在泞洱地震震中西南部的区域内。从视应力和拐角频率的时间变化曲线看,泞洱MS6.4地震前滇西南地区视应力表现出了明显的升高变化过程;含ML3.6以上地震的拐角频率随时间的变化呈下降—上升—下降的复杂过程,ML<3.6地震的拐角频率呈趋势下降过程。     

上海地震台阵地动噪声功率谱分析

介绍了功率谱分析的计算方法，并将功率谱应用于对上海地震台阵地动噪声记录的分析。结果表明，该台阵16个子台的地动噪声功率谱在高于1Hz的频域上均低于宽频带台站的平均值，说明各子台的背景噪声符合并优于地震观测对背景噪声的要求。而对于高频段的噪声则可通过台阵的独特的数据处理，很容易将其去除。     

基于广义反演法的不同位置地震引起盆地放大效应的研究——以仙台盆地为例

基于强震观测记录,采用广义反演法和HVSR法分析日本仙台盆地48个强震台站以及场地v_S30和盆地深度对放大效应的影响。研究表明,相比于广义反演法,HVSR法能够较好地给出场地主频,但会明显低估放大效应的幅值;处于盆地外不同位置的浅源地震引起的盆地放大效应差异明显,仙台盆地南部海域地震引起的放大效应最大,盆地北部陆地地震引起的放大效应最小;盆地南部和东部地震引起的S波的放大效应与v_S30的相关性较强,北部地震的放大效应与v_S30基本不相关;盆地S波的放大效应与盆地深度在0.5～5 Hz频段内的相关性较强,在0.25～0.5 Hz和5～10 Hz频段内基本不相关。     

Frequency dependent polarization analysis of ambient seismic noise recorded at a broadband seismometer in the central United States

We present a new approach to polarization analysis of seismic noise recorded by three-component seismometers.It is based on statistical analysis of frequency-dependent particle motion properties determined from a large number of time windows via eigenanalysis of the 3-by-3,Hermitian,spectral covariance matrix.We applied the algorithm to continuous data recorded in 2009 by the seismic station SLM,located in central North America.A rich variety of noise sources was observed.At low frequencies (0.05 Hz) we observed a tilt-related signal that showed some elliptical motion in the horizontal plane.In the microseism band of 0.05-0.25 Hz,we observed Rayleigh energy arriving from the northeast,but with three distinct peaks instead of the classic single and double frequency peaks.At intermediate frequencies of 0.5-2.0 Hz,the noise was dominated by non-fundamental-mode Rayleigh energy,most likely P and Lg waves.At the highest frequencies (3 Hz),Rayleigh-type energy was again dominant in the form of Rg waves created by nearby cultural activities.Analysis of the time dependence of noise power shows that a frequency range of at least 0.02-1.0 Hz (much larger than the microseism band) is sensitive to annual,meteorologically induced sources of noise.     

汶川大地震前非台风扰动现象的研究

为了区分汶川大地震的震前扰动现象中的台风因素和非台风因素,本文研究了中国大陆宽带地震仪在汶川大地震前记录到的异常扰动信号的时频特征.研究结果表明汶川大地震的震前扰动主要由两种扰动构成,二者动态特征完全不同.其中优势频率为0.2～0.25 Hz的扰动主要与台风Rammasun有关.这种台风扰动在沿海地区较强,在内陆地区较弱,其震动源在靠近台风运动路径的海底.另一种优势频率为0.1～0.18 Hz的扰动与台风无关,这种非台风扰动在地震发生前约10 h突然急剧增强,其最大值出现在地震爆发时刻.非台风扰动在靠近震中的地区较强,在沿海和西部地区较弱.震源扰动扫描算法计算初步定位的结果显示其震动源不在海底,而是分散在震中附近的内陆地区.汶川大地震前的非台风扰动是否与汶川大地震有关,值得进行更深入的研究.     

Evidence for fault-related directionality and localized site effects from strong motion recordings of the 2003 Boumerdes (Algeria) earthquake: Consequences on damage distribution and the Algerian seismic code

The Algiers–Boumerdes region has been struck by a destructive magnitude 6.8 (M_w) earthquake on May 21, 2003. The study presented in this paper is based on main shock strong motions from 13 stations of the Algerian accelerograph network. A maximum 0.58g peak ground acceleration (PGA) has been recorded at 20 km from the epicenter, only about 150 m away from a PGA of 0.34g, with both a central frequency around 5 Hz, explained by a strong very localized site effect, confirmed by receiver function technique results showing peaks at 5 Hz with amplitudes changing by a factor of 2. Soil amplifications are also evidenced at stations located in the quaternary Mitidja basin, explaining the higher PGA values recorded at these stations than at stations located on firm soil at similar distances from the epicenter. A fault-related directionality effect observed on the strong motion records and confirmed by the study of the seismic movement anisotropy, in agreement with the N65 fault plan direction, explains the SW–NE orientation of the main damage zone. In the near field, strong motions present a high-frequency content starting at 3 Hz with a central frequency around 8 Hz, while in the far field their central frequency is around 3 Hz, explaining the high level of damage in the 3- to 4-story buildings in the epicentral zone. The design spectra overestimate the recorded mean response spectra, and its high corner frequency is less than the recorded one, leading to a re-examination of the seismic design code that should definitively integrate site-related coefficient, to account for the up to now neglected site amplification, as well as a re-modeling of the actual design spectra. Finally, both the proposed Algerian attenuation law and the worldwide laws usually used in Algeria underestimate the recorded accelerations of the 6.8 (M_w) Boumerdes earthquake, clearly showing that it is not possible to extrapolate the proposed Algerian law to major earthquakes.     

滇西南地区品质因子、场地反应与震源参数研究

为深入了解滇西南地区地震动影响因素特征,更好地服务于目标区的抗震设防工作与地震预测等相关研究,利用两步非参数化广义反演方法对滇西南地区2007-2019年242组三分量强震记录进行分析,通过对地表观测地震动在频域内的分离求解,给出了该地区0.5～20 Hz的品质因子经验关系,获得了26个强震台站在研究频段内的场地反应,并与HVSR法揭示的场地放大结果进行对比分析。基于网格搜索法确定了35次地震事件的地震矩M0、拐角频率fc及震源模型参数γ,拟合得到了部分震源参数之间的定标关系。研究结果表明,滇西南地区品质因子Q值与频率的关系为Q=94.23f 0.43;相较于HVSR法,非参数化广义反演方法确定的场地反应整体偏高,但2种方法得到的场地反应谱形较一致;拐角频率、地震矩及应力降等震源参数互相具有一定依赖性。