Evidence of Polyphase Deformation in Gneissic Rocks Around Devgadh Bariya: Implications for Evolution of Godhra Granite in the Southern Aravalli Region (India)

In this paper, field evidence documenting the polydeformed nature of banded gneiss that comprises a part of the Godhra Granite and Gneiss in the southern portion of Aravalli Mountain Belt (AMB), India, is presented. The structural geometry involving an episode of recumbent-reclined folding in the gneiss lying in the vicinity of Devgadh Bariya town is worked out. The banded gneiss occurs as enclaves in the granite. Therefore, it is suggested that the banded gneiss of the region is older than Godhra Granite. Microstructures preserved in the granitic rocks are documented and it is suggested that the granitic rocks underwent deformation and strain during their evolutionary history. Variation in the mesoscopic scale fabric of the gneiss and granite along a south-to-north traverse within the study area is documented, and different possibilities for evolution of Godhra Granite are discussed.     

松潘-甘孜南部放马坪-三岩龙花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

松潘-甘孜造山带内广泛出露印支期花岗岩类,目前对该区印支期花岗岩的研究主要集中于东部、中部地区,南部地区的研究相对较少.放马坪-三岩龙花岗质杂岩体位于松潘-甘孜造山带南部的九龙地区,根据主微量元素特征的不同可被划分为两大类:第一类具有C型埃达克岩的特征,Sr＞541×10,Y＜12.4×10～,Sr/Y＞55,轻重稀土...     

High-pressure complexes of Central Asian Fold Belt: geologic setting,geochemistry, and geodynamic implications

Blueschists are constituents of subduction-accretion complexes, where they occur either as separate tectonic slabs, slices, and lenses, or as exotic blocks in a melange. Often associated with ophiolites, blueschists are commonly metamorphosed members of ophiolite sections. Along with ophiolite, a typical component of high-pressure belts is alkaline ocean-island basalt comprehensively studied in the Uimon zone of Gorny Altai and Chara zone of Eastern Kazakhstan. This suggests active plume magmatism in the Early Paleozoic evolution of the Paleoasian Ocean. As inferred from sutures with high-pressure rocks, different parts of Paleoasian Ocean were closing successively.     

南天山库车褶皱-冲断带喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形特征及其控制因素

喀拉玉尔滚构造带是南天山库车褶皱-冲断带的变形前缘, 其地下深层变形特征仍然不清楚.结合野外地质调查结果、数字高程模型数据、钻井数据和高品质二维地震反射剖面, 厘定喀拉玉尔滚构造带背斜的平面展布、几何学和运动学特征及变形时间, 并结合前人研究成果探讨喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形控制因素.喀拉玉尔滚构造带为典型的挤压构造带, 近EW向延伸约165km, 由一系列带状背斜组成, 且背斜核部发育多条隐伏逆冲断层.喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形特征主要表现为5个方面: (1)北喀背斜为盐枕构造; (2)中喀背斜和南喀背斜的几何形态不对称、背斜倾伏方向相反, 分别为向北和向南, 二者交汇处发生了位移转换; (3)羊塔克背斜和英买力背斜为基本对称的低幅度滑脱褶皱; (4)背斜幅度整体上从西往东逐渐降低; (5)背斜变形时间从西往东逐渐变新.研究结果表明, 喀拉玉尔滚构造带新生代变形主要受区域挤压作用、盐层和基底构造共同控制.      

Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Part of Aravalli Mountain Belt and its Environs: Possible Causes and Time Constraints

Structural studies on Proterozoic rocks belonging to the Lunavada Group, Southern Aravalli Mountain Belt (SAMB), India, have shown that they underwent three episodes of deformation which have led to the formation of various regional scale interference patterns. Whilst the northern parts of the SAMB underwent brittle-ductile deformation, the southern portion underwent more ductile deformation. On the basis of structural as well as metamorphic studies it has been established earlier that the region was subjected to uplift orogenesis during its evolutionary history. In the present paper an attempt is made to visualize the possible causes that led to deformation of the SAMB, the structural geology of which has been established by the authors, and to constraint the timing of these events on the basis of already available geochronological data. A “working-hypothesis” is proposed according to which it is suggested that deformation of the SAMB is a result of the accretion of the three protocontinents viz. Aravalli, Dharwar and Singhbhum during the Mesoproterozoic. It is envisaged that the accretion of Aravalli and Singhbhum Protocontinents occurred between 1600 and 1400 Ma along the NE-SW trending Son Suture and this event led to development of NE-SW trending structures in the SAMB. Suturing of Aravalli and Dharwar Protocontinents between 1400 and 935 Ma along the E-W Narmada Suture was responsible for the E-W to NW-SE trending D₃ structures of the SAMB. It is postulated that the Satpura orogeny which resulted in deformation of rocks in Satpura mountain range lying to the south of Narmada Suture was coeval with the accretion of Aravalli and Dharwar Protocontinents.     

Timing of granite emplacement and cooling in the Songpan–Garzê Fold Belt (eastern Tibetan Plateau) with tectonic implications

New U–Pb and Rb–Sr geochronology on syn- and post-orogenic granites provide constraints on the timing of major tectonic events in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt, west Sichuan, China. The Ma Nai granite was probably syn-kinematic with the main deformation and yields an age of 197±6 Ma that is interpreted as an upper age limit of the Indosinian event. Zircons and apatites from the post-kinematic Rilonguan granite also yield Jurassic ages (195±6 and 181±4 Ma). The post-orogenic Markam massif gives two ages of 188±1 and 153±3 Ma. Both granites are undeformed and cut structures in the Triassic sedimentary rocks. These results demonstrate that the major deformation and décollement tectonics in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt occurred prior to the Early Jurassic. The wide range of ages obtained for post-kinematic granites (from Early Jurassic to Late Jurassic) suggests that, locally, magmatic activity persisted for a long time (at least 50 Ma) after the Indosinian compressional tectonism. No Tertiary ages have been obtained, suggesting that these granites were not affected strongly by the India–Asia collision.     

澜沧江南带火山岩系侏罗纪火山岩的存在及其地质意义

澜沧江南带火山岩系是古特提斯构造演化的产物,是反演古特提斯演化的利器.本文选择带内南段普洱地区那澜村剖面火山岩进行了系统的年代学和地球化学研究,为古特提斯洋演化过程提供了新的认识.那澜村火山岩为一套发育斑状结构、流纹构造的流纹岩,其斑晶由半自形板柱状钾长石和石英组成,基质为隐晶质长石、石英.主量元素中SiO2含量介于75.59%~77.40%之间,Al2O3含量介于11.69%~12.20%之间,K2O含量(4.13%)大于Na2O(3.72%),属过铝质高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列火山岩.主量元素CaO/Na2O值为0.01~0.04,Al2O3/(MgO+TFeO)为0.03~0.06,CaO/(MgO+TFeO)为5.51~6.66,微量元素Nb/Ta比值集中在12.27~13.08,放射性同位素组87Sr/86Sr比值为0.714~0.719,207Pb/204Pb为15.733~15.760,206Pb/204Pb为18.903~19.400,表明火山岩源区为重熔的含(变质)泥岩地壳.微量元素标准化配分曲线呈不规则锯齿状且具高度一致性,Rb、Nb、Ta、Y、Yb等数据具富Rb低Nb、Ta、Y、Yb特征,表明澜沧江南带火山岩具有陆缘弧火山岩属性.LA-ICP-MS测定锆石U-Pb年代学表明那澜村火山岩谐和年龄为(200.6±2.8)Ma,和澜沧江南带北段火山岩活动(210–280 Ma)具有一致性,说明澜沧江南带火山活动至少延伸至早侏罗世,也即古特提斯洋的俯冲活动至少持续到早侏罗世.     

阿尔泰造山带南缘乌恰沟片麻状花岗质侵入体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

新疆富蕴县境内的乌恰沟片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩及沿构造线展布的片麻状细粒花岗岩脉出露在阿尔泰造山带南缘, 围岩均为苏普特岩群黑云斜长片麻岩。运用LA-ICP-MS方法对乌恰沟片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩和片麻状细粒花岗岩脉进行锆石U-Pb测年分析。测年结果显示, 片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩体的生成年龄为(393.5±4.5)Ma, 即形成于早泥盆世, 与区域地质背景对比来看, 该岩体为碰撞造山阶段所形成;片麻状细粒花岗岩脉的侵入时代为(293.5±6)Ma, 表示该区的构造热事件时限。构造变形特征显示片麻状花岗质侵入体与该区左行韧性剪切变形密切相关, 据此推测出该地区地层变质变形时代, 以及该区左行韧性剪切作用的时限。     

Geochemistry of the Pegmatitic Rocks and Minerals in the Kenticha Belt, Southern Ethiopia: Implication to Geological Setting

Trace element distribution patterns are reported for whole rocks (granites, aplites, greisens, pegmatites, alaskites) and minerals from the Kenticha pegmatite field. The data shed light on the evolution, regional and local zonal pattern of the granitepegmatites and associated mineralization in the Kenticha belt. The complex mineralization of commercial concentrations of Ta, Nb, Hf, Zr, REE, U and Th is related to Be, Li, Cs, Rbbearing zones of pegmatites and is structurally controlled. Whole rock chemical signatures of the suite of felsic rocks of the Kenticha belt are predominantly similar to those generated by subduction in modern magmatic arcs and indicate a mantle derivation. Columbotantalite concentrates extracted from the pegmatitic ores represent the basic raw materials from which a number of possible byproducts can be recovered.     

西藏南冈底斯带拢布村花岗岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄及其成因

在一定条件下,花岗岩对于研究古大洋板块俯冲消减及陆-陆碰撞等板块演化过程具有重要的意义.拢布村花岗岩体位于西藏南冈底斯带中段,有关南冈底斯带花岗岩类形成年代仍存在不同认识.通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得拢布村花岗岩的形成年龄为157.0Ma±2.9Ma,表明南冈底斯带存在晚侏罗世岩浆活动.拢布村花岗岩富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,显示出岛弧岩浆岩的特征,指示晚侏罗世南冈底斯带存在新特提斯洋北向欧亚大陆的早期俯冲运动.研究表明,拢布村花岗岩为洋壳板块俯冲消减作用背景之下上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物.     

The processes that control leucosome compositions in metasedimentary granulites: perspectives from the Southern Marginal Zone migmatites,Limpopo Belt,South Africa

Anatexis of metapelitic rocks at the Bandelierkop Quarry (BQ) locality in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt occurred via muscovite and biotite breakdown reactions which, in order of increasing temperature, can be modelled as: (1) Muscovite + quartz + plagioclase = sillimanite + melt; (2) Biotite + sillimanite + quartz + plagioclase = garnet + melt; (3) Biotite + quartz + plagioclase = orthopyroxene ± cordierite ± garnet + melt. Reactions 1 and 2 produced stromatic leucosomes, which underwent solid‐state deformation before the formation of undeformed nebulitic leucosomes by reaction 3. The zircon U–Pb ages for both leucosomes are within error identical. Thus, the melt or magma formed by the first two reactions segregated and formed mechanically solid stromatic veins whilst temperature was increasing. As might be predicted from the deformational history and sequence of melting reactions, the compositions of the stromatic leucosomes depart markedly from those of melts from metapelitic sources. Despite having similar Si contents to melts, the leucosomes are strongly K‐depleted, have Ca:Na ratios similar to the residua from which their magmas segregated and are characterized by a strong positive Eu anomaly, whilst the associated residua has no pronounced Eu anomaly. In addition, within the leucosomes and their wall rocks, peritectic garnet and orthopyroxene are very well preserved. This collective evidence suggests that melt loss from the stromatic leucosome structures whilst the rocks were still undergoing heating is the dominant process that shaped the chemistry of these leucosomes and produced solid leucosomes. Two alternative scenarios are evaluated as generalized petrogenetic models for producing Si‐rich, yet markedly K‐depleted and Ca‐enriched leucosomes from metapelitic sources. The first process involves the mechanical concentration of entrained peritectic plagioclase and garnet in the leucosomes. In this scenario, the volume of quartz in the leucosome must reflect the remaining melt fraction with resultant positive correlation between Si and K in the leucosomes. No such correlation exists in the BQ leucosomes and in similar leucosomes from elsewhere. Consequently, we suggest disequilibrium congruent melting of plagioclase in the source and consequential crystallization of peritectic plagioclase in the melt transfer and accumulation structures rather than at the sites of biotite melting. This induces co‐precipitation of quartz in the structures by increasing SiO₂ content of the melt. This process is characterized by an absence of plagioclase‐induced fractionation of Eu on melting, and the formation of Eu‐enriched, quartz + plagioclase + garnet leucosomes. From these findings, we argue that melt leaves the source rapidly and that the leucosomes form incrementally as melt or magma leaving the source dumps its disequilibrium Ca load, as well as quartz and entrained ferromagnesian peritectic minerals, in sites of magma accumulation and escape. This is consistent with evidence from S‐type granites suggesting rapid magma transfer from source to high level plutons. These findings also suggest that leucosomes of this type should be regarded as constituting part of the residuum from partial melting.     

A Petrographic and Mineralogical Study of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayaxueshan Area, North Qilian Fold Belt, NW China

The Ordovician volcanic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area have been pervasively altered or metamorphosed and contain abundant secondary minerals such as albite, chlorite, epidote, prehnite, pumpellyite, actinolite, titanite, quartz, and/or calcite. They were denoted as spilites or spilitic rocks in terms of their petrographic features and mineral assemblages. The metamorphic grades of the volcanic rocks are equivalent to that of the intercalated metaclastic rocks. This indicates that both the spilitic volcanic rocks and metaclastic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area have formed as a result of Caledonian regional metamorphism. We suggest that the previously denoted spilitic rocks or altered volcanic rocks should be re-denoted as metabasalts or metabasaltic rocks. The metamorphic grade of the volcanic rocks increases with their age: prehnite-pumpellyite facies for the upper part of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks, prehnite-pumpeilyite to lower greenschist facies for the lower part of the Middle Ordovician vol     

库车褶皱冲断带西段盐底辟成因机制

库车褶皱冲断带是由印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞形成的新生代再生前陆盆地,沉积古近系和新近系两套盐岩,在其西部发育盐底辟构造。根据野外地质调查、地震剖面解释以及平衡剖面制作,探讨了库车褶皱冲断带盐底辟的成因机制。库车褶皱冲断带盐底辟分为两种类型：沿喀拉玉尔滚走滑断层发育的点状盐底辟构造-盐栓;发育在吐孜玛扎地区的线状盐底辟构造-盐墙。库车褶皱冲断带西段盐上生长地层主要发生在库车组中段沉积期及以后,库车组中段发育角度不整合面,反映盐底辟的形成。盐栓受走滑作用的控制,为走滑拉张作用的产物,而盐墙受库车组中段及其后差异压实作用的控制,受挤压作用的改造。     

松潘-甘孜褶皱带较场弧形构造特征及其大地构造意义

根据详细野外露头特征及显微构造特征将较场弧形带由南向北分为三个变形带:弧顶部、弧核部和弧翼部,不同分带具有明显不同的变形特征。由南向北变形特征由以塑性变形为主过渡为脆性变形为主,变质流体活动喜马拉雅构造期活动强烈,且向北逐渐增强;弧核部以叠瓦状逆冲构造特征分隔弧顶和弧翼部;弧翼部东西两翼变形及变质流体活动特征具有一定差异性。较场弧形带总体体现出多期次南北向挤压—张性应力变形构造特征,叠加北西—北北西向同构造期挤压变质运动,其宏观和微观变形特征与典型走滑成因模式弧形构造特征相异,为其大地构造成因机制的解释提出了新的限制条件。     

Tectonic implications of the Nan Suture Zone and its relationship to the Sukhothai Fold Belt, Northern Thailand

The Nan Suture and the Sukhothai Fold Belt reflect the processes associated with the collision between the Shan-Thai and Indochina Terranes in southeast Asia. The Shan-Thai Terrane rifted from Gondwana in the Early Permian. As it drifted north a subduction complex developed along its northern margin. The Nan serpentinitic melange is a thrust slice within the Pha Som Metamorphic Complex and in total this unit is a Late Permian accretionary complex containing offscraped blocks from subducted oceanic crust of Carboniferous and Permian age. The deformational style within the Pha Som Metamorphic Complex supports a west-dipping subduction zone. The Late Permian to Late Triassic fore-arc basin sediments are preserved in the Sukhothai Fold Belt and include a near continuous sedimentary record, at least locally. The whole sequence was folded and complexly thrust in the Late Triassic as a result of the collision. Late syn- to post-kinematic granites place an upper limit of 200 Ma on the time of collision. Post-orogenic sediments prograded across the suture in the Jurassic.     

松潘造山带马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的成因及其构造意义

松潘造山带广泛出露印支期后碰撞型花岗岩类, 其中包括埃达克质花岗岩类、A型花岗岩和I型花岗岩, 但目前人们对该区印支期强过铝质花岗岩尚未有深入的研究.松潘造山带马尔康花岗岩属于强过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.10~1.20), 其岩石类型主要为中粒二云母花岗岩和中细粒二云母花岗岩.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法, 获得中粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为208±2Ma, 中细粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为200±2Ma.马尔康强过铝质花岗岩K₂O/Na₂O=1.13~1.75, 富Rb、Th和U, 贫Sr、Ba、Co和Ni等元素; 稀土元素组成上显示存在强到中等的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.15~0.65);全岩初始87Sr/86Sr比值(ISr) 为0.70712~0.71137, εNd (t) =-10.36~-8.43, 锆石εHf (t) =-11.8~-1.1.地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成一致表明, 它们的岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融, 其中中粒二云母花岗岩的源岩类型主要为地壳中的泥质岩类, 而中细粒二云母花岗岩的源岩主要为地壳中的杂砂岩类.结合松潘带的地质背景、区域构造-岩浆事件及其岩浆岩的组合分析, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用可以用来解释马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成机制.在松潘带, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用导致软流圈物质上涌, 这不仅促使了加厚下地壳物质发生部分熔融, 如松潘带印支期埃达克质和I型花岗岩浆的形成, 而且还诱发了中地壳物质的部分熔融, 如马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成.这表明松潘带印支期岩石圈拆沉作用已使地壳不同层次发生部分熔融作用.      

西大别桥店花岗斑岩脉的形成时代、岩石成因及其大地构造意义

白垩纪碰撞后花岗岩是研究大别造山带碰撞后伸展垮塌的重要载体,西大别南缘的桥店花岗斑岩脉为约束大别山碰撞后构造机制转化提供了新的约束信息。SIMS和LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果表明,桥店花岗斑岩脉侵位年龄约为129 Ma,并具有富集的锆石Hf同位素组成(ε_Hf(t)=-24.5-14.7)和古元古代二阶段模式年龄(2.41.9 Ga)。矿物组成上,花岗斑岩脉以富含粗粒的长石斑晶为主要特征。它们具有变化的SiO₂含量(63.07%73.22%)和A/CNK值(0.871.73),同时具有高的K₂O(4.51%5.47%)、低的MgO (0.42%1.82%)含量,属于高钾钙碱性花岗岩类。岩石的轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素富集,具有Eu的负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.770.92);同时富集Rb、Ba和Pb,而亏损Nb、Ta和Ti。相较于典型埃达克质岩石,桥店花岗斑岩的Sr含量(78×10^-6724 ×10 ^-6)变化较大,Y(11.8×10^-614.8×10^-6)和Yb(1.09×10^-61.37×10^-6)含量相对较高,对应的Sr/Y(6.755.5)和(La/Yb)_N(29.634.2)比值较低。以上地球化学特征,结合古元古代的残留锆石和二阶段铪模式年龄,共同反映出桥店花岗斑岩是区内古元古代下地壳物质在中-低压力条件下部分熔融的产物。与区域上碰撞后岩浆岩的对比研究表明,桥店花岗斑岩的侵位指示了西大别地壳在约129 Ma已经开始减薄,西大别白垩纪加厚下地壳的拆沉及构造机制转换的时间可能在约130 Ma前后。     

乌兹别克南努拉套奥陶—志留纪碎屑岩物源示踪及其构造意义

对乌兹别克斯坦努拉套地区早古生代地质体的研究是恢复南天山西部土耳其洋构造格局及演化过程的关键,本次研究通过对南努拉套地区奥陶—志留纪碎屑岩进行物源示踪,分析了该区沉积物质来源及源区构造属性,进而对早古生代土耳其洋属性进行约束。研究结果表明,该套碎屑岩岩性以细粒杂砂岩为主,形成于近岸海滩相环境,且具有被动陆缘沉积特征。沉积物质来源于酸性岩浆岩和古老沉积岩。细砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在800 Ma,与Rodinia超大陆裂解事件时间相对应;次峰值为530 Ma、440 Ma,推断应与天山多地块拼贴事件相关。综合以上研究成果,认为早古生代土耳其洋盆展布为东西向,北部为活动陆缘,南部为被动陆缘,其被动陆缘沉积物供给主要来源于Rodinia超大陆裂解及天山多地块拼贴事件。     

Petrology of the Non-mafic UHP Metamorphic Rocks from a Drillhole in the Southern Sulu Orogenic Belt, Eastern-Central China

The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseud     

孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带差异构造变形及成因

基于野外地质调查和地震资料分析,证实了孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带发育底部和中部两套滑脱层。底部滑脱层在整个褶皱带均发育,而中部滑脱层仅发育于北段—中段的陆上和陆架区,在中段的陆坡-洋盆区及南段则不发育。中部滑脱层的发育受古陆坡富泥沉积控制。北段—中段主要发育滑脱褶皱及被断层突破的滑脱褶皱,而南段主要发育泥底辟和泥火山构造。孟加拉盆地东部褶皱带滑脱层系及构造样式的差异变形特征主要受区域挤压作用、沉积作用以及地层流体超压等方面存在着差异的共同影响。