On the winter circulation of the northern South China Sea and its relation to the large scale oceanic current

The nonwind-driven mechanism of the winter circulation in the northern South China Sea is discussed. Linked by the Bashi Strait to the Pacific Ocean, the northern South Cnina Sea is treated as a part of the Pacific western boundary where the circulation variation (except the very thin surface layer) is closely related to that of the ocean interior and the effect of local wind might be neglected (at least for some seasons). Based on the assumption that the thick and strong westward current which flows in through the Bashi Strait can effectively prevent water exchange between the northern and southern South China Seas, the model sea only includes the northern part. Barotropic numerical experiments show that part of this westward current is deflected by the continental slope and forms the slope area NE current—the South China Sea Warm Current. Besides, the topographical flow fed by the extension of the western boundary current and the anticyclonic eddy born near the eastern boundary are also fundamental components of the South China Sea Warm Current. The reflection of the incident Rossby waves by the continental slope is found to be of significance in the intensification of the South China Sea Warm Current. Contribution No. 1362 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia     

索马里急流和南亚高压对印度夏季风爆发的协同作用

【目的】探讨索马里急流和南亚高压对印度夏季风(Indian Summer Monsoon,ISM)爆发产生的协同作用。【方法】基于ECMWF欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料(ERA5)提供的逐日数据,结合印度气象局对ISM爆发日期(即印度次大陆最南端的喀拉拉邦降水骤升的日期)的统计数据采用功率谱分析、偏相关分析和滑动相关等统计学方法,分析索马里急流和南亚高压对ISM爆发的协同作用。【结果】ISM爆发前1候至当候,印度地区对流层高层南亚高压的范围和强度不断扩大,同时对流层低层索马里急流的强度和范围不断增强,使阿拉伯海地区的西南气流不断增强,将阿拉伯海地区大量水汽输送至印度大陆,在这样有利的条件下,印度南部降水量剧增,ISM爆发;当5月下旬的南亚高压、索马里急流以及阿拉伯海地区水汽通量和气旋性环流均显著偏强时,ISM会提前爆发,降水也会异常偏多。【结论】ISM爆发日期受到索马里急流和南亚高压两者协同作用的影响,而并非单独受到某个系统的影响。     

Sedimentary Precambrian deposits in southwestern Transbaikalia (Siberia): phytoliths content, lateral correlations and geodynamics

The Baikal Group is one of the most important stratigraphic units in the geology of East Siberia (Upper Riphean). This paper focuses on litological-facies features based on the analysis of organic remains (stromatolites, microphitolites and microfossils), in order to better precise the age and environmental deposit conditions of the Baikal Group. The results are used to draw a correlation between all the Precambrian of deposits of the South of East Siberia. The stratigraphy of the Baikal Group is then compared to the geodynamic evolution of this region, characterized by the break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia and subsequent opening of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Stratigraphic analogs to the Baikal Group display in most areas deposits of various minerals (complex ores, phosphoresces, bauxites etc. have been dated of the same age), so the present study would also provides an economic interest.     

早古生代秦、祁、昆古洋盆及两侧陆缘板块构造格局和演化

在分析了近年来秦、祁、昆造山带研究中部分成果资料的基础上，认为商、丹主缝合线以南的杨子古陆北缘区早古生代由于一系列“三叉”裂谷系的发育而曾沿布尔汉布达山─略阳─山阳─线打开一次洋盆，致使南秦岭─柴达木－带从扬子陆块北缘分离出来，一度成为一独立微古陆块向北漂移；古生代有其独特的演化历史。而当时主洋盆北侧的华北古陆南缘区则发育有完整的沟、弧、盆体系．面貌很象今天的太平洋西海岸。     

3-D BAROCLINIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I. UPPER CIRCULATION

A three-dimensional baroclinic shelf sea model was employed to simulate the seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea (SCS) upper circulation. The results showed that: in summer, an anticyclonic eddy, after its formation between the Bashi Channel and Dongsha Islands in the northeastern SCS, moves southwestward until it disperses slowly. There exists a northward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula in the western SCS and an anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS. But at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, a weak local cyclonic eddy forms in the Nansha Trough, then grows slowly and moves westward till it becomes a cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS in autumn. At the beginning of winter, there exists a cyclonic gyre in the northern and southern SCS, and there is a southward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo-China Peninsula. But at the end of winter, an anticyclonic eddy grows and moves toward the western boundary after forming in the Nansha Trough. The eddy‘s movement induces a new opposite sign eddy on its eastern side, while the strength of the southward western boundary current gets weakened. This phenomenon continues till spring and causes eddies in the southern SCS.     

城市化进程下北京平原渗流场与地面沉降发展演化模拟

北京地面沉降已有60多年的历史,其发生发展与半个多世纪城市的快速扩张密不可分.从整个北京平原地下水系统出发,梳理多年时间序列(1950-2015年)的城市发展规模、人口、水资源及开采动态等数据,结合遥感技术解译不同年代北京平原的不透水面变化,分析其对降雨入渗补给量的影响;构建整个北京平原含水层-弱透水层三维结构系统,借助PMWIN软件建立区域尺度的地下水流-地面沉降耦合模型,利用长期水位及沉降观测数据对模型进行识别验证;开展长时间序列的北京平原地下水水头场与地面沉降演化模拟,研究快速城市化进程下北京平原多层含水层系统渗流场演变与地面沉降响应特征.研究表明:长时间尺度区域地下水流场-地面沉降演化模拟基本再现了地面沉降形成和发展演化的过程;北京地下水开采历史与地面沉降发展历史具有一致性,而不同沉降区地面沉降发展受地下水开采和城市发展双重控制,是二者综合作用的结果.     

鲁东地区早前寒武纪花岗岩类演化及大陆地壳生长

通过对太古宙和古元古代花岗岩成分判别分析,提出了鲁东地区早前寒武纪花岗岩类可能分为3期,第一期为中太古代TTG组合,发育不完全;第二期为新太古代T1T2G1组合,具有贫K2O的奥长花岗岩演化趋势;第三期为古元古代早期G2组合,仅具富K2O的钙碱性演化趋势。探讨了不同组合花岗岩的形成环境,新太古代T1T2G1组合为岛弧环境,古元古代早期为大陆碰撞环境;不同的花岗岩类岩石组合分别对应的陆壳成熟度为:T1T2G1组合为新生的初始不成熟陆壳,G2组合则为最终的成熟陆壳。鲁东早前寒武纪花岗岩类随时间从新太古代至古元古代早期的演化,记录了鲁东大陆地壳形成的完整的地质演化过程。     

Geological features and genesis of Gaotaigou borate deposit, Jilin, China

Gaotaigou borate deposit in Ji'an area, southeastern Jilin, is located in the easten end of Liaoning-Jilin (Liaoji) Proterozoic paleo-rift, which is a medium-sized deposit and makes up 67% of the total borate reserves in Jilin Province. The original borate ore bodies were formed by sedimentary exhalative process in Paleoproterozoic, but were activated and enriched by later metamorphism. In late stage of metamorphistn, hydrothermal fluid of metamorphic origin made wallrocks be altered and the borate ore bodies be reformed. Ore bodies are strictly controlled by strata and their lithologies. In addition, the shape and spatial distribution of ore bodies are also defined by the Gaotaigou syncline. Combined with the ore-controlling factors and mineralizing features, it has been proposed that Gaotaigou borate deposit is a metamorphosed and hydrothermally altered sedimentary exhalative deposit.     

PRESENT SITUATION，FEATURE AND DEVELOPMENTAL IDEAS OF BORDER OPENING IN XINJIANG

ＰＲＥＳＥＮＴＳＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮ，ＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＡＬ　ＩＤＥＡＳＯＦＢＯＲＤＥＲＯＰＥＮＩＮＧＩＮＸＩＮＪＩＡＮＧＸｉｅＸｉａｎｇｆａｎｇ（谢香方）；ＬｉＣｈｕｎｈｕａ（李春华）（ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅ...     

全球海洋初级生产力时空异常变化对ENSO事件的响应

海洋初级生产力在海洋环境要素的驱动下,在不同海域呈现出不同的时空变化特征,这种时空演变特征在不同的ENSO事件类型下差异更为显著。本文基于1998年1月至2017年12月全球海洋初级生产力的卫星遥感数据集,通过改进海洋时空双约束聚类挖掘方法,挖掘了近20年海洋初级生产力的时空聚簇模式,并从时空分布和空间移动2个方面对比分析了海洋初级生产力时空演变簇与ENSO（El Niño-Southern Oscillation）事件之间的关系。结果表明：① 在EP（Eastern-Pacific）型El Niño事件期间,海洋初级生产力异常低值时空簇主要分布在赤道太平洋东部或中东部海域,异常高值时空簇主要分布在西太平洋和南太平洋中部海域;在CP（Central-Pacific）型El Niño事件期间,异常低值时空簇分布在太平洋中部,而异常高值时空簇分布在南太平洋与西太平洋海域;② 在EP型La Niña事件期间,赤道太平洋中部及东部、赤道大西洋与印度洋海域出现异常高值时空簇,南太平洋中东部海域出现异常低值时空簇;在CP型La Niña事件期间,赤道太平洋中部出现异常高值时空簇;南太平洋中西部海域出现异常低值时空簇;③ 发生在赤道太平洋的海洋初级生产力时空演变簇,在EP型ENSO事件期间具有东移特征,而在CP型ENSO事件期间,时空演变簇在赤道太平洋中部海域产生并消亡;④ ENSO事件中海洋初级生产力时空演变簇面积与MEI具有较强相关性。     

四川盆地川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层致密化过程定量模拟

为了明确川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层致密化过程, 定量恢复致密砂岩储层孔隙度演化, 综合利用常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜和包裹体等资料, 对须三段成岩作用进行了系统分析, 探讨了成岩作用与孔隙度演化之间的关系。在此基础上, 结合地层埋藏史和热演化史研究, 基于效应模拟原则, 即不对具体成岩作用进行模拟, 而是通过地质参数来模拟各种成岩作用的综合叠加结果, 从而建立须三段砂岩孔隙度演化数学模型, 明确砂岩储层致密化过程。研究结果表明: 须三段主要发育岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩; 砂岩经历压实、胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用, 其中压实作用和胶结作用是主要的破坏性成岩作用, 且一直存在于砂岩储层演化过程中; 溶蚀作用是主要的建设性成岩作用, 且只出现在特定的60~120℃温度窗口。基于对现今砂岩孔隙度与深度关系的观察, 明确砂岩先后经历了压实、胶结作用和溶蚀作用, 以及溶蚀后的压实、胶结作用。因此, 可将孔隙度演化划分为正常压实与胶结阶段、溶蚀增孔阶段和溶蚀后正常压实与胶结3个阶段。此外, 将孔隙度演化分解为孔隙度减小模型和孔隙度增大模型, 这2种模型在孔隙度演化的3个阶段分别叠加, 可得到模拟孔隙度演化的三段式分段函数模型, 进而实现砂岩储层孔隙度演化过程模拟。通过应用该模型对典型砂岩储层孔隙度演化过程的模拟表明, 川西坳陷须三段因压实作用和早期胶结作用影响, 具有早期致密的特点。      

Geological features and genesis of Gaotaigou borate deposit, Jilin, China

Gaotaigou borate deposit in Ji'an area, southeastern Jilin, is located in the easten end of Liaoning-Jilin (Liaoji)Proterozoic paleo-rift, which is a medium-sized deposit and makes up 67% of the total borate reserves in Jilin Province.The original borate ore bodies were formed by sedimentary exhalative process in Paleoproterozoic, but were activated and enriched by later metamorphism. In late stage of metamorphism, hydrothermal fluid of metamorphic origin made wallrocks be altered and the borate ore bodies be reformed. Ore bodies are strictly controlled by strata and their lithologies. In addition, the shape and spatial distribution of ore bodies are also defined by the Gaotaigou syncline. Combined with the ore-controlling factors and mineralizing features, it has been proposed that Gaotaigou borate deposit is a metamorphosed and hydrothermally altered sedimentary exhalative deposit.     

山东胶东金矿成矿地质背景初论

胶东地区的基底地质构造演化经历了陆核形成期、陆壳增生期和汇聚定型期3个主要阶段,古元古代克拉通化汇聚碰撞作用的形成使得原始的绿岩带矿源岩系活化改造;三叠纪华北板块与扬子板块间陆陆碰撞形成了山东东部的胶南-威海造山带,碰撞造山作用使克拉通地体再活化,二大板块的物质成分在区内重新熔合分配并促使金元素转移富集;侏罗-白垩纪时期太平洋板块对欧亚板块的强烈洋陆俯冲作用,形成了活动大陆边缘俯冲造山带的大陆弧花岗岩,包括玲珑序列二长花岗岩组合、郭家岭序列花岗闪长岩组合和伟德山序列花岗岩组合,这些花岗岩的强烈岩浆活动为金元素迁移成矿提供了热驱动;巨型走滑系统即郯庐断裂带及其巨大的左型走滑系统及其所形成的次级羽状断裂系统为     

胶北地块古元古代花岗伟晶岩脉的锆石SHRIMP ——Pb年代学特征及地质意义

胶辽吉古元古代造山带是近年来国内古老造山带研究的热点地区,胶东半岛的胶北地块位于胶辽吉造山带南部,在胶北地块莱西一带发育了大量的古元古代荆山群变质地层,其中发育大量的花岗伟晶岩（脉）体,本次工作利用SHRIMP UPb测年技术,首次精确测定了花岗伟晶岩的形成时代为~1.84Ga,同时结合前人资料,确定了胶东半岛发育有与1.84Ga伸展作用相关的花岗伟晶岩类。通过与辽西地区所报道的花岗伟晶岩对比,认为二者在古元古代构造演化的过程中具有时空一致性。     

Using satellite magnetic data to divide geological tectonic units of South China Sea

The South China Sea locates at the convergence center of the Eurasian Plate,the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australia plate. The Cenozoic seafloor spreading in the South China Sea Basin is an important part of the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea that records information of the continental margin tectonic history and its impact on regional geologic evolution. Magnetic data contains abundant geological structure information from the surface to deep. This paper reports magnetic data of the South China Sea. Through the conventional processing of these magnetic data,we report general results on the regional magnetic anomalies,such as the upward continuation graph,the polar magnetic anomaly map and the magnetic anomaly partition map. The magnetic anomaly field in the South China Sea is divided into eight areas,of which the characteristics are explained,and the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea is preliminarily discussed.     

胶北地块古元古代花岗伟晶岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学特征及地质意义

胶-辽-吉古元古代造山带是近年来国内古老造山带研究的热点地区,胶东半岛的胶北地块位于胶-辽-吉造山带南部,在胶北地块莱西一带发育了大量的古元古代荆山群变质地层,其中发育大量的花岗伟晶岩(脉)体,本次工作利用SHRIMP U-Pb测年技术,首次精确测定了花岗伟晶岩的形成时代为~1.84Ga,同时结合前人资料,确定了胶东半岛发育有与1.84Ga伸展作用相关的花岗伟晶岩类。通过与辽西地区所报道的花岗伟晶岩对比,认为二者在古元古代构造演化的过程中具有时空一致性。     

西部水资源开发的哲学思维

西部地区矿产资源丰富 ,但水资源匮乏 ;土地资源广阔 ,但荒漠化石漠化严重 ;自然景观独特 ,但生态环境脆弱。这些矛盾决定了“水是中国广袤西部开发的关键”。解决水资源问题 ,西部经济才能实现可持续发展。因此必须以正确的哲学思想为指导 ,树立“天人合一”的开发观 ,“对立统一”的改造观 ,“一分为二”的技术观 ,才能使具体技术措施起到事半功倍的效果。     

辽南地区构造演化与构造控矿

辽南地区从太古宙到显生宙先后经历了四次大的构造变动,从老到新可相对划分出鞍山旋回、辽河旋回、印支旋回和燕山旋回四个构造旋回。该区金矿控矿构造主要是中生代前的东西向基底构造与中生代的北东—北北东向断裂构造复合控矿,故其金矿成矿带表现为东西成带、北东成行的构造控矿格局。叠加构造控矿是该地区最主要的构造控矿型式。该区金矿形成与燕山早期同熔型花岗岩密切相关,基本上属于岩浆热液成因类型。矿体或矿化体多赋存在与成矿期构造有关的脆性破裂构造内。矿化类型主要为含金石英脉型和碎裂蚀变岩型。构造控矿型式主要有脆、韧性剪切带叠加控矿、层间破碎带控矿、构造复合控矿和脆－韧性剪切带构造控矿四种型式。     

Living in a High Mountain Border Region： the Case of the ＇Bhotiyas＇ of the Indo-Chinese Border Region

This article introduces one of South Asia＇s most important border regions into academic discourse, namely, the Central Himalayan mountain rim separating India and the Tibetan Autonomous Region （People＇s Republic of China）. What makes this border region so interesting is a tangled interplay of changing environmental, cultural, and political forms to which the local populations constantly have to adapt in order to make a living there. We focused on the so-called ＇Bhotiyas＇ of Uttarakhand, former trans- Himalayan traders whose ethnicity and livelihood was traditionally associated with the Indo-Chinese border that was sealed as a result of the India-China war in 1962. Drawing on the work of borderland scholarship, we identified the key processes and developments that changed the perspective of this area. Competing political aspirations as well as the ＇Bhotiyas＇ countervailing strategies were considered equally important for understanding local livelihoods and identities within the dynamics of a ＇high mountain border region＇. Through an exemplary analysis of historical differences of power in one ＇Bhotiya＇ valley, we further explored the ways in which shifting socio-spatial constellations are creatively re-interpreted by the borderlanders.     

滇黔桂盆地碎屑物源的变化及其对古特提斯洋演化历史的启示

古特提斯洋的构造与演化过程一直是研究热点,很多学者在其产生、扩张、俯冲及闭合的时间上持有不同观点.本次研究中,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术对滇黔桂盆地三叠纪罗楼组碎屑锆石、泥盆纪坡松冲组碎屑独居石进行分析测试,同时结合古生代以来碎屑物源的演化历史,以期确定出古特提斯洋开启与闭合的时间.锆石测试结果显示:者...