藏东主要岩金矿床类型基本特点及其找矿前景

藏东地区是西南三江复合造山带有色金属、贵金属成矿带的重要组成部分,也是三江带中北段新生代强烈陆内变形区,具有金和金银金属矿产成矿的优越条件。已发现的众多岩金矿(化)点反映出藏东有多种岩金矿床成因类型,其中以斑岩型和破碎带充填交代型两种类型最为重要。前者以新生代浸源偏碱性斑岩为成矿母岩,矿(化)体赋存于斑岩、隐爆角砾岩内部、接触带及外接触蚀变带中,主矿化元素为金、银、铅、锌,少数还有铜、钨;后者的矿(化)体一般赋存于多期活动的区域性大断裂侧次级断裂、派生断裂、层间破碎带及节理、劈理发育带内,主矿化元素亦为金及银、铅、锌、铜,个别有锑、汞等。成矿时代以新生代及白垩纪-新生代为主。文中还对藏东构造单元和新生代偏碱性岩带进行划分,对两种金矿床类型的一般矿化特征、矿源层、蚀变和化探异常与矿化关系、找矿标志及找矿方向作了简要论述。     

藏北地区砂金矿特征及找矿方向初探

藏北地区砂金矿矿质来源于中酸性岩浆岩接触带，沉积地层不整合接触带及硅化岩带，具物源近，成矿时代新的特点。班公湖－怒江地缝合线及其两侧的羌塘隆起带和冈底期－念青唐古拉陆块，是区内最有利的砂金成矿区。     

中国金矿成矿地质特征、预测模型及资源潜力

为了摸清全国金矿资源潜力,科学合理地部署金矿地质勘查工作,在全国金矿资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结了金矿成矿规律、时空分布及资源潜力特征,跟踪金矿勘查进展,提出金矿勘查部署建议。中国金矿床虽以小型居多,但大中型金矿床的资源储量约占80%。金矿床在中生代呈大规模成矿特征,其矿床数和资源储量均居主要地位,其次为新生代、晚古生代、中新元古代、早古生代。金矿床在空间上呈区域集中分布特征,根据成矿地质背景、成矿条件和金矿床空间分布,结合地球物理、地球化学特征、预测资源量,修订了金矿成矿区带划分方案,确定了57个Ⅲ级金矿成矿区带,其中胶东、小秦岭-伏牛山、滇黔桂、西秦岭、燕辽、松潘-摩天岭、东秦岭、长江中下游、丽江-哀牢山和吉南-辽东成矿区带,其查明资源储量和预测资源量在全国均居前列。以服务于矿产资源潜力评价为目的,提出了金矿预测类型划分方案,将金矿床类型归纳为12类,分别为与中深成侵入岩有关的热液型、微细浸染型、构造破碎蚀变岩型、陆相火山岩型、变质碎屑岩地层中热液型、斑岩型、夕卡岩型、砂金型、花岗绿岩型、海相火山岩型、风化壳型、砾岩型,其中以前5种矿产预测类型为主。在总结金矿床地质背景、地质特征和找矿标志的基础上,建立主要类型金矿预测评价模型。全国金矿资源潜力评价预测金资源量31 125.6 t,预测深度大多小于1 000 m,50%的预测资源量分布于已知矿床外围及深部。根据资源潜力评价成果,结合近年来金矿勘查取得新的找矿进展,找矿主攻矿床类型为中深成侵入岩有关的热液型、微细浸染型、构造破碎蚀变岩型、陆相火山岩型;中国东部胶东、小秦岭-伏牛山、西秦岭、滇黔桂为金矿重点勘查区带,已知矿床深部和外围仍是金矿重点找矿地段;西部地区如东昆仑、巴颜喀拉、冈底斯、班公湖-怒江、丽江-哀牢山等区带的金矿勘查突破,基础性地质勘查和科研工作投入,为西部地区金矿勘查开发提供理论和技术支撑,有利于开创西部地区金矿勘查的新局面。     

Geochemistry of main types of gold deposits in shear zones, China

Shear zone-hosted gold deposits in China can be divided into four types:ductile,brittle-ductile,ductile-brittle and brittle,of which the ductile and brittle types are the basic ones.All these types of gold deposits have their own geochemical characteristics.The Hetai gold deposit in Guangdong Province,for example,is a mylonite-type gold deposit in a ductile shear zone.With increasing mylonitization,obvious changes took place in trace elements in minerals and rocks,enriching gold and mineralizing elements.The S and Pb isotope data indicated that the ore-forming materials were derived from the strata.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic and fluid inclusion studies also implied that the ore-forming fluid was much closer to meteoric water from the early to the late ore-forming stage.The Linglong gold deposit,Shangdong Province,is a quartz-type gold deposit in a brittle shear zone.Changes in rocks,minerals and trace elements occurred in the process of f ormation of gold quartz veins,and the analytical results of S,Pb ,Hand O isotopes showed that ore deposition is connected not only with the Jiaodong Group,but also with anatexic granites.     

藏北羌塘小盆湖-拉雄错砂金矿带地质特征

以小盆湖砂金矿床为典型的一系列砂金矿床、矿点在藏北羌塘中部构成一个呈东西向的砂金矿带,笔者1999年首次将其命名为"藏北羌塘小盆湖-拉雄错砂金矿带"。通过对小盆湖砂金矿床基岩地质、地貌、第四纪地质、矿床类型、成因类型、矿体特征、砂金特征的全面介绍及与该带其它砂金矿床、矿点的对比,结合区域地质背景,认为前泥盆系阿木岗群和石炭系中的火山岩层位是主要矿源层。此后若干不同时期的沉积不整合界面,都表征着其下古风化壳、其上底部碎屑岩的含金物聚源区可以直接或经改造就近形成金矿矿床。羌塘中央隆起带及其两侧和东西方向石炭系分布区具有广阔的金矿找矿前景。     

莫桑比克楠普拉省喀祖祖地区砂金成因及其对岩金指示意义

莫桑比克楠普拉省喀祖祖地区多条河流均有人工砂金开采活动.砂金分布在海拔300～450 m之间的石英砾石层,底部岩石主要为中元古代片麻状杂岩体.研究区为准平原-丘陵地貌,水动力条件受季节影响较大.砂金分布与河流不存在明显的耦合性,暗示了原生金矿化可能较分散.同时,研究区露头受第四纪覆盖严重,物化探效果不显著,砂金与重砂矿...     

西藏崩纳藏布砂金矿地质特征及找矿方向

通过对区域地质背景、第四纪典型地貌及矿床地质特征等的研究，发现崩纳藏布砂金矿具有成矿时代新、成矿期短、物质来源多样性等特点。成矿过程明显具有2个阶段：早期可能与斑岩型铜－金－多金属矿床有关，含Au配合物近距离活化、迁移，在适宜的地方堆积成矿；晚期在原地吸收侧向补给的第四系含Au沉积物，次生富集成为富矿。     

巴西阿尔塔·弗洛雷斯塔地区地质特征及金矿床类型

巴西马托格罗索州阿尔塔·弗洛雷斯塔(Alta Floresta)地区是亚马孙盆地西南部重要的金成矿省。为了满足中资矿业公司进行矿业投资和开发活动的需求,在实地考察和文献资料搜集的基础上,对该地区金矿地质特征和矿床类型进行了初步总结。该区主要的金矿类型有石英脉型、花岗斑岩型、红土型金矿等,其中石英脉型和红土型金矿为主要的金矿开发类型。区域构造对岩浆作用、金矿化作用和矿床类型等具有重要控制作用。总体来说,该地区具有多次金成矿活动,金成矿类型丰富,可作为中资矿业公司实施"走出去"战略的重要成矿区带。     

燕山地区金矿床类型及区域成矿特征

燕山地区内生金矿床分为5类（其中产于侵入岩和变质岩中的金矿床是最重要的类型），具显著的区域成矿学特征；明显分为密云-青龙和尚义-平泉南北两个金矿成矿带；内生热液成矿期主要分为4个成矿阶段；成矿时代主要为燕山期（150-200Ma)。     

西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带中段砂金成色特征

该区砂金成色具有明显的不均一性，继承性和后期改造性。成色变化范围大（531．48－1000），具有粒度越大成色越高的趋势，区同西部砂金矿床的溶蚀系数小于1．03，为近原生源砂金，东部的1．03－1．10，为中近原生源砂金，崩纳藏分布于1．10，为远原生源砂金。自然金化学成分研究表明其原生金矿为中低温热型金矿床，那朗沟一带的燕山晚期花岗岩体内部有找到原生金矿床的可能。     

Prediction of the Granite—Type Gold Deposits by Grey Relational Analysis

Calculated in this paper is the relational grade between each of ghe 1608 prediction units and the granite-type gold deposits in Jiaodong, concerning 78 geological variants of factors ,in terms of the relational grade analysis of the grey system.The isopleth of the residual values is drawn through trend analysis and anomalies are outlined. Also pointed out in the present paper are the pathfinders for prospecting of gold deposits in various parts of China.     

层控交代型夕卡岩金矿床形成机理的实验研究

采用安徽铜陵狮子山层控交代型夕卡岩金矿床未蚀变、未受矿化影响的地层层位的岩石——砂岩与碳酸盐岩 ,灰岩与硅质岩 ,灰岩与泥质页岩 ,泥质岩与条带灰岩和单独泥灰岩作试料 ,分别模拟配制 p H为 4.5、 5.5、 6.5和 7.5的 0 .5M Na Cl 0 .5M KF 0 .1 M K2 SO4 0 .0 5M Au Cl3水溶液作为成矿热液。试料和溶液焊封在银试管内 ,放在高压釜反应腔中持续 96 h的交代作用。实验结果表明在温度为 2 50～ 650℃和压力 2 0 0× 1 0 5 ～ 80 0× 1 0 5 Pa下的弱氧化、弱还原环境中 ,都能形成夕卡岩矿物和金矿物组合 ,其中冬瓜山矿床 (砂岩与碳酸岩交代作用 )系统的实验形成了透闪石 蛇纹石 硬石膏 自然金 ( ) ,硅灰石 钙铁 -钙铝榴石 蛇纹石 硬石膏 银金矿 ( )和方柱石 透辉石 -钙铁辉石 钙铁 -钙铝榴石 蛇纹石 ( )组合分别与上述矿床含矿、含 H2 O夕卡岩 ,含金夕卡岩和高温无矿夕卡岩矿物共生组合相吻合。金在 2 50～ 350℃范围以自然金状态沉淀 ,在 350℃以上以少量的银金矿形式出现 ,在 60 0℃以上的实验产物中未见金呈独立矿物产出。     

Some geological-morphological features of the formation of gold-bearing placers in the Amur region

The intensity of placer formation is controlled by many factors, mainly by the erosion level of orebearing structures. Their deep erosion and long-term denudation resulted in the formation of numerous, often large placers with fine gold, which lost their relation with bedrocks and were derived mainly by rewashing of loose deposits from the depressions adjacent to the ore-bearing orogens. These placers are developed in many gold-bearing areas: Dambuki, Sutara, Erik, and others. Rich placers with coarse gold of high fineness were formed via erosion of gold mineralization that was previously metamorphosed by post-ore granitoids (Niman and Kerbi regions, Central Sikhote Alin).     

滇黔桂地区微细粒浸染型金矿床的矿床地球化学类型

根据矿床产出的区域域构造背景、含矿建造的岩性特点和沉积环境、矿石的矿物共生组合和成矿元素组合以及标型矿物的成分特征等，将滇黔桂地区的微细粒浸染型金矿划分为三种矿床地球化学类型：金－锑－黄铁矿型矿床、金－汞（铊）型矿床和金－砷－（锑）型矿床；并分别做了。     

Element—Assemblage Zoning Features of Gold Deposis in the Cambrian Silicalite Formation,Western Qinling

The gold deposits,occurring in the south subzone of western Qinling,are the only typical and important strata-bound gold deposits,which are associated with submarine exhalative sedimentation.The gold deposits include the La‘erma ore deposit,the Qiongmo ore deposit and the Yaxiang ore occurrence.They are hosted i the Cambrian silicalite formation composed of black chert and slate.The presence of typical chert offers important evidence to evaluate the possible submarine exhalative system and its role in the formation of the gold deposits,which are closely associated with peroclation and diffusion in the horizontal,vertical and axial directions,Element-assemblage zonation is clearly seen due to differences in element concentrations in different directions,Such a zonation makes gold.selenium,uranium,copper,stibium,molybdenum,mercury,etc,precipitate in the form of simple or composite orebodies.The establishent of the element-assemblage zonation is highly helpful for evaluating directly the metallogenesis of gold deposits.     

大兴安岭北部金矿床类型及地质特征

大兴安岭北部是我国重要的金成矿区之一。区内13处岩金矿床(点)均与中生代岩浆活动有关，形成于中生代(晚侏罗世一早白垩世)。金矿床(点)具有NE成带，NW成行的分布特征。EW、SN和NE向断裂是主要的容矿构造，多组断裂的交汇处是矿化的有利部位。根据区域成矿特点及成矿条件可划分出3种矿床类型，即蚀变岩型、石英脉型和隐爆角砾岩型。成矿物质以深源为主，有部分地壳物质的加入；成矿溶液是岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体；成矿温度为200-300℃，属中低温热液型金矿床。     

吉林省二道岭金矿地质特征及找矿标志

本文详细介绍了吉林省二道岭金矿区域地质背景,矿区地质特征,围岩蚀变及围岩与矿化的关系等。通过对金矿特征的分析和研究,指出了在本区找矿的标志。     

五台山绿岩带主要金矿类型及构造控矿规律探讨

依据构造控矿为成矿主因、矿源层是物质基础,将五台山绿岩带金矿划分为3种主要类型:与次级褶皱有关的条带状铁建造型金矿床、与剪切变形有关的变质中酸性火山沉积岩型金矿床、与剪切变形有关的变质砾岩型金矿床.这些不同类型的金矿床构造控矿特征明显.五台山绿岩带的区域性倒转复式向斜构造制约了含矿带呈NEE向展布,大型紧闭褶皱转折端控制了矿床的定位,与紧闭褶皱伴生的剪切变形及次级褶皱控制着矿体的规模、形态和产状,剪切裂隙控制着金矿脉的分布和金矿化的局部富集.紧闭褶皱倒转翼部(近转折端)的剪切变形是五台山绿岩带金矿构造控矿的普遍规律.矿源层是物质基础,而经历了紧闭褶皱及伴生的剪切变形带叠加改造的矿源层才是最佳的成矿和找矿靶区.文章以构造控矿理论为指导,重点剖析了典型矿床的构造控矿特征,深入探讨了控矿构造对矿床定位、规模大小、矿体形态、富集程度的制约,认为褶皱与剪切变形不仅在于控矿,而且其本身就是一种重要的成矿作用,进而总结了五台山绿岩带金矿构造控矿的普遍规律.     

西藏普兰县马攸木砂金矿床的发现及其意义

1999年在雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段马攸木地区首先探查到砂金异常,进而通过预查、普查和详查,发现了砂金储量居目前西藏之首的马攸木砂金矿床。该矿床Ⅰ号矿体长为14196.3m,平均宽度为126.61m,平均厚度为11.25m,加权平均品位为0.5116g/m3,砂金资源总量属大型。介绍了Ⅰ号矿体砂金的形态与粒度、成分和成色。马攸木砂金矿床的发现,对西藏地区及古地中海—喜马拉雅成矿域的找矿与成矿理论研究具有重要意义。     

Lithospheric controls on the formation of provinces hosting giant orogenic gold deposits

Ages of giant gold systems (>500 t gold) cluster within well-defined periods of lithospheric growth at continental margins, and it is the orogen-scale processes during these mainly Late Archaean, Palaeoproterozoic and Phanerozoic times that ultimately determine gold endowment of a province in an orogen. A critical factor for giant orogenic gold provinces appears to be thickness of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath a province at the time of gold mineralisation, as giant gold deposits are much more likely to develop in orogens with subducted oceanic or thin continental lithosphere. A proxy for the latter is a short pre-mineralisation crustal history such that thick SCLM was not developed before gold deposition. In constrast, orogens with protracted pre-mineralisation crustal histories are more likely to be characterised by a thick SCLM that is difficult to delaminate, and hence, such provinces will normally be poorly endowed. The nature of the lithosphere also influences the intrinsic gold concentrations of potential source rocks, with back-arc basalts, transitional basalts and basanites enriched in gold relative to other rock sequences. Thus, segments of orogens with thin lithosphere may enjoy the conjunction of giant-scale fluid flux through gold-enriched sequences. Although the nature of the lithosphere plays the crucial role in dictating which orogenic gold provinces will contain one or more giant deposits, the precise siting of those giants depends on the critical conjunction of a number of province-scale factors. Such features control plumbing systems, traps and seals in tectonically and lithospherically suitable terranes within orogens.