Tectonics and Mechanisms of Uplift in the Central Uplift Belt of the Huimin Depression

The Huimin (惠民) depression is a third-level tectonic element of the Bohai (渤海) Bay basin in eastern China. The central uplift belt is the most important oil and gas accumulation zone in the depression, but the lack of adequate geological studies in the area has greatly hindered exploration and development. In this article, using seismic data, fracture mechanics, and a combination of data on fault growth indices and fault throws, we present an analysis of tectonic activity in the central uplift belt and adja...     

黔中隆起金沙地区中新生代隆升剥蚀的裂变径迹分析

对贵州金沙地区取样进行了裂变径迹热史模拟,结合地质分析再现了黔中隆起的沉降和隆升剥蚀作用过程。该地区经历了180～70Ma时期的沉降埋藏增温和70Ma之后的剥蚀冷却降温两大阶段。沉降阶段的增温速率为0.909℃/Ma,对应的T3—K的沉积厚度约为4550m。冷却降温曲线分为三段:70～15Ma,样品温度从120℃降低到60℃,冷却速率为1.09℃/Ma;15～5Ma为一个"平台"期,样品温度维持在60℃左右;5Ma至今,样品温度从60℃快速冷却至20℃,冷却速率达8℃/Ma,这与喜马拉雅期云贵高原的整体隆升和晚期快速崛起相对应。计算表明,晚白垩世以来的隆升剥蚀量达2800m左右。     

塔北南坡差异构造隆升及其对古岩溶发育的影响

利用平衡剖面恢复法,研究了塔北南坡各次级单元构造演化的时空差异性,结合寒武系-奥陶系储层不整合面的发育特征,进一步探讨差异隆升过程对古岩溶尤其是表生岩溶发育的影响。研究结果表明：英买力凸起和库尔勒鼻凸形成于加里东中期早幕,至燕山晚期基本定型;构造隆升对应了加里东中期早幕-燕山中期的岩溶作用,岩溶持续时间长、溶蚀作用强烈,但古岩溶也在长期暴露过程中遭到剥蚀。阿克库勒凸起和草湖凹陷则形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,定型于印支期;构造隆升时间与加里东中期Ⅰ幕-海西晚期的岩溶作用相对应,抬升暴露适度,有利于大规模岩溶的形成和保存。哈拉哈塘凹陷形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,海西晚期已基本定型,对应加里东中期Ⅰ幕和Ⅲ幕的岩溶作用,表生岩溶作用的影响相对较弱。     

米仓山隆升时代的沉积学制约

米仓山地区位处上扬子北缘,既是四川盆地的北部边界,又是龙门山、秦岭造山带与四川盆地三者之间的盆山转换地带,是探讨秦岭造山带—上扬子北缘中生代构造演化的重要地区,其隆升时代关系到四川盆地的时空边界与区域构造演化格局。通过米仓山南、北两侧侏罗纪地层沉积层序的详细对比,可以确定米仓山侏罗纪古地理地貌与隆起特点。本研究在米仓山南侧分别选取旺苍白水镇、南江赶场镇2条侏罗系剖面进行实测和研究,并实测米仓山北侧西乡堰口侏罗系剖面。通过3条侏罗系剖面的沉积建造、层序地层特点对比分析表明,米仓山南北两侧侏罗系总体具有一定的可对比性,尤其是南北两侧下侏罗—中侏罗统下段沉积层序基本相同。这种沉积建造的可对比性表明,米仓山隆升时代至少始于中侏罗世晚期。     

论汉南古陆及大巴山隆起

<正> 一、前言 大巴山和米仓山位于扬子碳酸盐台地北缘,是研究扬子地区和秦岭早古生代地层的关键地区之一。从早古生代地层的发育来看,镇巴以西和以东有所不同,在地质上常称为大巴山西段和东段,而大巴山的主要山脉均集中在镇巴以东的大巴山东段。米仓山虽位于大巴山的西北,但在早古生代地层特征上与大巴山东段颇为近似,因此常为人们笼统地包括在大巴山地区之内。中外地质学家们早就注目于这一地区(Richthofen,1882;赵     

雪峰隆起北部加里东事件的K-Ar年代学研究

详细的野外构造变形分析表明雪峰隆起经历了加里东期、印支期、晚侏罗世末—早白垩世初和早白垩世末—晚白垩世初共4次变形事件,后3期褶皱变形的方位可能分别为北西西、北东—北北东和近南北向,而加里东期褶皱方位因受后期叠加改造影响而无法准确识别。雪峰隆起北部板溪群板岩伊利石X射线衍射分析显示其经历了低绿片岩相区域变质作用。板溪群板岩伊利石K-Ar年代学研究表明雪峰隆起经历了加里东期构造热事件,该事件发生的时间大致略早于419Ma(晚志留世初)。所获得的419～389Ma(晚志留世—中泥盆世)的冷却年龄,指示了雪峰隆起发生过加里东期隆升。华南加里东变形事件直接影响到雪峰隆起本身,向西的波及界线可能为该隆起西界上的张家界—花垣—凯里断裂带。     

Temporal-Spatial Structure of Intraplate Uplift in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The intraplate uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau took place on the basis of breakup and assembly of the Precambrian supercontinent, and southward ocean-continent transition of the Proto-, Paleo-, Meso-and Neo-Tethys during the Caledonian, Indosinian, Yanshanian and Early Himalayan movements. The intraplate tectonic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau underwent the early stage of intraplate orogeny characterized by migrational tectonic uplift, horizontal movement and geological processes during 180-7 Ma, and the late stage of isostatic mountain building characterized by pulsative rapid uplift, vertical movement and geographical processes since 3.6 Ma. The spatial-temporal evolution of the intraplate orogeny within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shows a regular transition from the northern part through the central part to the southern part during 180-120 Ma, 65-35 Ma, and 25-7 Ma respectively, with extensive intraplate faulting, folding, block movement, magmatism and metallogenesis. Simultaneous intraplate orogeny and basin formation resulted from crustal rheological stratification and basin-orogen coupling that was induced by lateral viscous flow in the lower crust. This continental dynamic process was controlled by lateral flow of hot and soft materials within the lower crust because of slab dehydration and melted mantle upwelling above the subducted plates during the southward Tethyan ocean-continent transition processes or asthenosphere diapirism. Intraplate orogeny and basin formation were irrelevant to plate collision. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a whole was actually formed by the isostatic mountain building processes since 3.6 Ma that were characterized by crust-scale vertical movement, and integral rapid uplift of the plateau, accompanied by isostatic subsidence of peripheral basins and depressions, and great changes in topography and environment. A series of pulsative mountain building events, associated with gravity equilibrium and isostatic adjustment of crustal materials, at 3.6 Ma, 2.5 Ma, 1.8-1.2 Ma, 0.9-0.8 Ma and 0.15-0.12 Ma led to the formation of a composite orogenic belt by unifying the originally relatively independent Himalayas, Gangdisê, Tanghla, Longmenshan, Kunlun, Altyn Tagh, and Qilian mountains, and the formation of the complete Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with a unified mountain root after Miocene uplift of the plateau as a whole.     

青藏高原隆升的潮汐-均衡模式

潮汐和厄尔尼诺事件使东西太平洋海面高度分别升降 6 0cm ,水均衡作用使洋壳反向升降2 0cm。由此形成东西太平洋地壳跷跷板运动。这是地震火山群发事件与厄尔尼诺事件一一对应的原因。发生在印度洋的同样过程是青藏高原隆升的原因。剥蚀沉积也会产生陆海地壳的跷跷板运动。计算表明 ,5 0年的剥蚀沉积作用施加在陆海地壳两端的力矩为M =4 .36× 10 14 N·m ;相当于在陆海地壳两端施加的反向力 p =4 .36× 10 8N。这两种跷跷板运动相互加强 ,是青藏高原隆升的基本动力。     

燕山山脉隆升过程的热年代学分析

本文就用热年代学方法,测定侵入体的热历史,进而分析燕山山脉的隆升过程。研究结果表明,燕山造山带的隆升过程在时空上具有明显非均匀性,燕山中段南部的盘山岩体约于２２６．４８Ｍａ侵位,在９６～３５Ｍａ期间以３．４５℃／Ｍａ的速度冷却,对应于０．１１５ｍｍ／ａ的快速隆升过程;燕山中段北部的雾灵山岩体约于１３２Ｍａ侵位,在８６～４５Ｍａ期间以５．６１℃／Ｍａ的速度１０３．９５Ｍａ与２０～０．０Ｍａ期间分别以     

大青山晚白垩世以来的隆升历史

根据以裂变径迹年龄为主的热年代学方法和大青山地形剖面和盆地沉积资料分析，认为大青山地区侏保罗世发生大型板内挤压变形之后在晚白垩世进入伸展构造控制的构造活动阶段。在伸展背景下，大青山主要经历了晚白垩世整体隆升—剥蚀和始新世以来的造山带伸展裂解引发的差异升降—剥蚀过程。造成大青山约6km的剥蚀量。在大青山伸展、塌陷、裂解过程中由于山—盆间的阶段性差异升降运动形成了大青山中的四期夷平面和其下的山前侵蚀台地以及邻区盆地沉积体系中的相对应的多期沉积间断。最终形成大青山地区现今盆—山构造—地貌格局。控制山脉隆升的大青山山前正断层始新世以来的平均活动速率为0．2—0．3mm／a。     

青藏高原隆升动力学与阿尔金断裂

青藏高原最晚一期也是最强烈的一期隆升发生在1-0.8Ma,与印度洋中脊三联点附近的“亚澳”陨击事件有关,陨击事件引起印度洋的快速扩张并导致印度板块在锡瓦利克带的强烈（A型）俯冲,正是这次俯冲引起了青藏高原及其外围山脉的快速隆升,中国西北的盆-山地貌因此而形成,其中东昆仑山推覆隆升近3000m,向北推挤近400km,是柴达木盆地,河西走廊新生界构造变形的主因,因此,“亚澳”陨击事件的影响,提供了青藏高原最晚一期隆升和中亚与中国西部大陆构造形成的大陆动力学背景;根据近年对阿尔金断裂带内同变形期新生矿（102-85Ma)近于同步,其累积错距达350-400km,晚白垩世一新生代同步错移了两侧原有的构造带和原型盆地。这为中国西部找矿,找油气的战略评估提供了一个新的思路。     

秦岭的隆升及其环境灾害效应

秦岭是中国中部巨型的纬向山脉，是华北、华南重要的自然分界线，虽然秦岭的隆升问题取得重要进展，但在隆升的时间、幅度、速率等方面还存在分歧。对已有的研究成果作归纳论证，通过对渭河盆地的沉积响应研究后，提出有关秦岭隆升研究的新认识。在前人研究的基础上，对秦岭构造隆升的气候、灾害效应方面的成果作了论述，气候效应体现在气温和降水量变化两个方面，灾害效应包括水土流失、地震活动性以及地裂，认为秦岭的隆升是导致气候、灾害效应的根本原因。通过对气候和灾害效应的总结，为研究区未来灾害治理提供科学依据。     

Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake

The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake （Ms=8.0） struck on the Longmen Shan foreland thrust zone. The event took place within the context of long-term uplift of the Longmen Shan range as a result of the extensive eastward-extrusion of crustal materials from the Tibetan plateau against the rheologically strong crust of the Sichuan Basin. The Longmen Shan range is charac- terized by a Pre-Sinian crystalline complex constrained by the Maoxian-Wenchuan-Kangding ductile detach- ment at the western margin and the Yingxiu-Beichuan- Luding ductile thrust at the eastern margin. The Long- men Shan uplift was initiated by intracontinental sub- duction between the Songpan-Ganzi terrane and the Yangtze block during the Pre-Cenozoic. The uplift rate was increased considerably by the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates since -50 Ma. The Wenchuan earthquake resulted in two major NE-strik- ing coseismic ruptures （i.e., the -275 km long Yingxiu- Beichuan-Qingchuan fault and the -100 km long Anx- ian-Guanxian fault）. Field investigations combined with focal solutions and seismic reflection profiles suggest that the coseismic ruptures are steeply dipping close-to- pure reverse or right reverse oblique slip faults in the -15 km thick upper crust. These faults are unfavorably oriented for frictional slip in the horizontally compres- sional regime, so that they need a long recurrence interval to accumulate the tectonic stress and fluid pres- sure to critically high levels for the formation of strong earthquakes at a given locality. It is also found that all the large earthquakes （Ms〉7.0） occurred in the fault zones across which the horizontal movement velocities measured by the GPS are markedly low （〈3 mm/yr）. The faults, which constitute the northeastern fronts of the enlarging Tibetan plateau against the strong Sichuan Basin, Ala Shan and Ordos blocks, are very destructive, although their average recurrence intervals are generally long.     

塔里木盆地塔中隆起盐相关断裂发育特征

根据地震资料解释成果,结合中、下寒武统含盐层系展布特征,分析塔里木盆地塔中隆起主要断裂带变形特征及其形成机理.塔中隆起主要断裂带表现为上陡下缓,往深部在中、下寒武统含盐层系顶在或内部发生滑脱,滑脱距离在不同地区有所差异,具有典型的"盐相关断裂"特征.塔中地区断裂带的形成演化主要受区域构造应力场、基底先存断裂和中、下寒武...     

特提斯洋壳在青藏隆升中所起的作用

地幔对流使特提斯洋壳显示为刚性的整体性,并以“抽屉式”插入到青藏陆壳之下,使之第一次隆升,之后受四川盆地,鄂尔多斯盆地和柴达木盆地刚性地块的阻抗,发生强烈的褶,断,叠作用,使青藏陆壳第二次隆升,同时,莫霍面下沉,褶断,从而形成了今天整个青藏高原的地质特征和地理形态。     

辽西区巫闾山的隆升历史

本文利用裂变径迹年代学方法 ,结合其他同位素年代学资料 ,通过构造热演化的定量分析 ,认为医巫闾山山脉的隆升历史经历了 118～ 81Ma期间的第 1个快速隆升阶段、81～ 14Ma期间的缓慢隆升阶段和 14Ma以来的第 2个快速隆升阶段。医巫闾山的隆升历史与两侧盆地的沉降历史有着很好的对应关系。山脉隆升相对盆地沉降有一个滞后期 ,山脉的快速隆升阶段对应盆地快速沉降的后期和消亡阶段。现今的医巫闾山山脉是 14Ma以来第 2个快速隆升阶段的产物 ,其隆起时间距今大约有 4～ 5Ma。     

Uplift capacity of pile group anchors

Experimental investigations on model single pile anchor and pile group anchors of configuration 2 × 2 subjected to uplift loads were conducted on dry Ennore sand, obtained from Madras, India. The embedment length to shaft width ratios, L/d = 20 and L/d = 30, and enlarged base width to shaft width ratios, B/d = 1,2,3, center to center spacing of pile anchors in the groups, 3d, 4d, 6d and 8d were used. The load displacement response, ultimate resistance and variation of group efficiency with L/d, B/d and spacing have been studied quantitatively and qualitatively. For short pile group anchors (L/d = 20), the isolation spacing appears to be at a spacing of about 4d to 6d and 8d for B/d = 1 and B/d = 2 and 3, respectively. For long pile group anchors (L/d = 30), the isolation spacing appears to be at a spacing of about 4d, 6d and 8d for B/d = 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The analytical model of limit equilibrium method has been proposed to predict the net uplift capacity of pile group anchors. The predicted results compare reasonably well with the experimental results.     

The Uplift Process of Qing-Zang Plateau

THE UPLIFT PROCESS OF QING-ZANG PLATEAU