Widespread Methane Seep Activities along the Western Slope of the Okinawa Trough, East China Sea

<正>Objective The western slope of the Okinawa trough has been considered to experience important methane seep activities.Abundant terrigenous sediments supply and widely developed normal faults make this area an ideal place for methane production,methane fluids migration and associated anaerobic oxidation of methane.However,few studies have been performed to reveal the methane seep activities via pore water geochemical studies in this area.In this study,we present comprehensive geochemical     

东海冲绳海槽天然气水合物成矿地质条件与资源潜力

冲绳海槽位于东海的东部,区内天然气水合物调查研究程度低。本文分析了冲绳海槽的区域地质背景和天然气水合物调查研究现状,根据已有资料和前人研究成果,分析了研究区天然气水合物形成的地形地貌、水深、温度、热流值特征,地层、沉积、构造、气源等条件,以及区内存在天然气水合物的地球物理、地球化学和其他证据,在此基础上推测区内天然气水合物成藏存在4种可能的地质类型。即成岩型、断裂构造型、底劈构造型和滑塌型。研究认为,冲绳海槽天然气水合物资源潜力巨大。     

东海和冲绳沉积物中自生铀蓄积过程及控制机理

采用同位素稀释ICP-MS测定法,对中国东海陆架及日本冲绳海槽的6个沉积物芯中U和Th的同位素地球化学行为进行了研究,以了解氧化还原敏感元素U在近海次氧化性沉积物中的蓄积行为,并评价其在全球海洋铀平衡中的意义。东海沉积物芯中,238U浓度及238U/232Th比值随深度变化不明显。但是在冲绳海槽沉积物芯中,238U浓度及238U/232Th比值在沉积芯表层氧化带显示较低值,然后在次氧化层随深度增加而增加。230Th和232Th浓度在所有沉积物芯中基本不随深度变化。这些结果说明,冲绳沉积物中有“自生铀”的蓄积过程发生,蓄积速率约为(47±5)～(90±8)ng/(cm2·a),与文献报道的世界其他海域次氧化性沉积区大致相当。进一步证明了U在近海次氧化性沉积区的蓄积对于全球海洋铀平衡有重要意义。“自生铀”的主要蓄积机制是海水U(Ⅵ)向沉积物迁移,在还原条件下被还原为惰性的U(Ⅳ)并被吸附在沉积物固体相上。     

东海陆坡及邻近槽底天然气水合物成藏条件分析及前景

在西太平洋边缘海中,东海是唯一没有获得天然气水合物样品的边缘海。利用已有的地震资料、海底温度资料等,从沉积物来源、沉积地层厚度、烃源岩条件、沉积速率、海底温度—压力条件等方面对东海水合物成藏条件进行了分析。认为冲绳海槽沉积物源丰富,沉积厚度大,且发育烃源岩地层。冲绳海槽较高的沉积速率主要分布于冲绳海槽槽底沉积中心,以及西部陆坡连接海底峡谷底部的三角洲区域。根据冲绳海槽实测的海底温度数据,整个冲绳海槽地区600m以深的范围都能够满足水合物发育的温度、压力条件。以温度梯度为30℃/km计算,冲绳海槽中水合物稳定域的最大厚度为650m。冲绳海槽盆地中普遍发育的底辟构造、背斜构造等局部构造,以及网格状断裂系统,为烃类气流体的向上及侧向运移创造了有利条件,成为天然气水合物发育的有利区带。根据已经发现的BSR特征来看,东海地区天然气水合物前景广阔。     

A diatom‐based reconstruction of summer sea‐surface salinity in the Southern Okinawa Trough,East China Sea,over the last millennium

A high‐resolution diatom record from site MD05‐2908 in the Southern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea, reveals pronounced multidecadal‐ to centennial‐scale palaeoceanographic changes throughout the last millennium. Summer sea‐surface salinity (SSS) was reconstructed using a weighted averaging partial least squares diatom‐based training set. The reconstructed SSS shows slightly decreasing values during the period AD 905–1930 with considerable fluctuations superimposed on this general trend. Relatively high‐salinity conditions during the interval AD 905–1450 probably suggest a low flood frequency in north‐eastern Taiwan. Furthermore, the high SSS values are associated with a strong and stable influence of the Kuroshio Current on the Southern Okinawa Trough during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. The period AD 1450–1930 is characterized by three low‐salinity intervals (AD 1450–1500, AD 1625–1725 and AD 1770–1880) separated by periods of relatively high salinity. The low SSS intervals indicate increased freshwater discharge into the Southern Okinawa Trough during the Little Ice Age, probably as a result of higher flood frequencies in north‐eastern Taiwan. Spectral and wavelet analyses suggest that this pattern was linked to multidecadal variations in summer SSS, presumably associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东海西湖凹陷BYT地区平湖组成因地层分析

ＢＹＴ地区是一个位于西湖凹陷保叔斜坡南部的重要油气发现区,应用旋回地层学方法在ｂｙｔ１,ｂｙｔ２,ｂｙｔ３井平湖组建立具有地区对比意义的旋回层,综合物探,岩芯资料,在井间建立了新的成因发展,空间配置关系,为西湖凹陷重要目的层平湖珠微地层对比作出新的尝试。     

东海瓯江凹陷早第三纪裂谷期盆地充填机制探讨

早第三纪东海瓯江凹陷曾是一个弧后拉张形成的裂谷盆地,拉张断裂在构造上控制了盆地地堑、半地堑地貌,从裂谷早期、中期到晚期,地层垂向演化表现出砂－泥－砂三重序列的充填型式,根据位于不同构造单元的SM－1、WZ6－1－1井为例证,从相对海平面、可容空间、物源供给诸方面探讨了地层成因机制。     

东海西湖凹陷苏堤区带花港组沉积相分析

以东海西湖凹陷苏堤区带钻井资料为基础,综合分析了花港组沉积时期构造活动及海泛作用在沉积发育过程中的控相控制,对该地区长期认定地“再沉积化石”及不同构造单元的控相能力差异重新提出个人看法,并建立了西湖凹陷苏堤地区花港组沉积模式。     

东、黄海大气湿沉降中常量阴离子组分的研究

用离子色谱法分析了嵊泗群岛和千里岩岛两个观测站湿沉降样品中的F^-、NO3^-、Cl^-和SO4^2-等4种阴离子。结果表明，它们的月均浓度之间差别较大，季节性变化明显；与近岸城市相比，具有显的海洋性特征；对全年中酸雨的统计表明，两个观测站都受到了酸雨的影响，而嵊泗群岛更严重一些。     

测井储集层快速自动评价在东海西湖凹陷中的应用

结合东海西湖凹陷油气勘探需要，在现场提出自动评价储集层系统，应用人工智能技术，识别储集层和判断含油、气储集层。模拟计算油气储集层产能。     

3D Velocity Structure and Its Tectonic Implications in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

3D structure of the crust and upper mantle in the studied area has been analyzed from surface wave tomography. The velocity distribution in the uppermost crust is symmetrical on two sides of the central line of the sea, and coincides with the structure of crystalline basement. The essential difference in tectonics between the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea mainly lies in that the velocity structures of their lower crust and upper mantle are identical to those of South China and North China respectively. In the upper mantle there exists a high-velocity zone with a nearly EW strike from the Hangzhou Bay, China, to the Tokara Channel, Japan, along about the latitude of 30°N. It is found that between the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea there are systematical differences in geomorphology, geology, seismicity, heat flow, quality factor and gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies, which is related to both left-lateral shear dislocation and right-lateral tear of the Benioff zone from the Hangzhou Bay to the Tokara Channel.It is inferred that the East China Sea was formed by Cenozoic back-arc extension. The boundary between the North China and South China crustal blocks stretches along the southern piedmont of Mts. Daba-Dabie-Hangzhou Bay-Tokara Channel, and the subduction zone at the Okinawa trench is the eastern boundary of the South China crustal block. The movements of the Pacific plate, Indian plate and upper mantle rather than the Philippine plate subduction have played a dominant role for the modern tectonic movements in East Asia.     

内蒙古与冲绳海槽和南中国海晚第四纪末次冰川盛冰期以来古气候记录

控制东亚气候的东亚季风夏季风北界的内蒙古盐湖沉积物记录了晚第四纪末次冰川盛冰期以来的气候冷暖干湿变化特征及各类重要的气候事件。通过对内蒙古伊克昭盟杭锦旗盐海子Ya0 1孔岩心沉积物的有机碳、碳氮比、碎屑矿物成熟度、磁化率、氧碳稳定同位素和沉积物成分的研究表明 ,全新世大暖期起止时间为 8～ 4kaB .P .,其气候特征为暖干型。这一气候特点可与中国北方黄土、冰川、冲绳海槽沉积物及南海有孔虫Pulleniatinaobliguilocalata等代用气候材料所记录的气候波动进行对比 ,也可与加拿大阿尔伯特地区及北美大平原全新世的气候演变特征进行对比。     

东海西湖凹陷平北区带平湖储层评价和非均质性研究

应用岩石物性、铸体薄片及压汞分析等资料,结合毛管压力曲线形态等特征参数,分析研究了东海西湖凹陷平北区带平湖组储层孔隙结构特征,进行了储层分类和评价,并以渗透率为主线,进行储层非均质性研究。     

黄海和东海沉积物有机质活性及营养盐再生潜力初探

2000年秋季和 2001年春季,对黄海和东海 6个站位的水柱和沉积物样品进行了营养盐、沉积有机碳、有机碳同位素和氨基酸分析.结果表明, 表层沉积物的有机碳含量和有机质活性存在较明显的季节性变化,这主要由春秋两季表层水体生物量的差异引起.在泥质堆积区 E2、 E4、 E5站,春季表层沉积物有机碳的含量与活性均较高,而同期底部沉积物向上的营养盐梯度也明显增大, 显示有机碳的含量及活性与营养盐再生有密切关系.     

Microearthquakes and faulting in the southern Okinawa Trough

Southern Okinawa Trough represents an early stage of back-arc rifting and is characterized by normal faulting and microearthquakes. Earthquake distribution and deep structure of fault was investigated to clarify active rifting in the southern Okinawa Trough, where two parallel grabens are located. A network of ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) that displayed the hypocenters of 105 earthquakes were observed for a period of 4 days in southern-graben (SG). Most of the microearthquakes occurred in a cluster about 7 km wide, which on a cross-section striking N45°E dips 48° to the southwest. Relocated hypocenters, which are recorded by a local seismic network, show scattered distribution around the southern-graben. There are no remarkable surface faults in the southern-graben. On the other hand, the recalculation of hypocenter locations of 1996 earthquakes swarm recorded by a local seismic network suggests that the swarm is associated with normal faulting on the southern side of northern-graben (NG). Thus, the undeveloped southern-graben is located to the south of the developed northern-graben. Southward migration of rifting, which may be caused by migration of volcanism, could thus be occurring in the southern Okinawa Trough. The extension rate computed for the southern Okinawa Trough from the fault model of the northern-graben is 4.6 cm/year, which is 59–102% of the extension rate (GPS measurements). This result indicates that the majority of extensional deformation is concentrated within the center of the northern-graben in the Okinawa Trough.     

东海西湖凹陷第三系反转构造及其对油气聚集的影响

东海西湖第三纪凹陷经历了早期裂陷和晚期挤压的构造作用,形成了现今规模宏大的反转构造。反转构造是先存的张性断裂后期受到挤压逆冲反转而形成的一种挤压构造与拉伸构造在垂向上叠加的复合构造。按反转强度的差异,本区的反转构造可划分为简单断展型和穿透断展型2种基本类型;按反转构造的几何样式,又可分为简单后冲反转、复合“Y”字型反转、“火”字型反转和花状反转等。凹陷内发育有东缘、中部、西斜坡边缘等3个反转构造带。沿中央凹陷带的反转作用最强,东缘次之,西斜坡边缘最弱。     

东海西湖凹陷春晓构造各井区含油气性特征

春晓构造是近年来东海油气勘探与开发的重点靶区之一，目前开发工作已准备就续。该区现有钻井5口，但测试结果各井差异较大。如何评价其含油气性特征？本文应用测井、地震和试油等资料进行了综合分析，并提出了春晓构造上的另一个有利于油气聚集和保存的区块－－春晓构造南高点断层上盘。     

冲绳海槽岩浆作用的区域性差异

冲绳海槽位于西太平洋活动大陆边缘,是一个目前正处于弧后扩张作用早期的、年轻的弧后盆地,张性断裂发育,火山活动强烈.岩石类型分布和岩石地球化学特征表明冲绳海槽中部和南部的岩浆作用存在明显差异,但迄今为止人们对于导致该差异的原因尚不清楚.对已有的冲绳海槽玄武岩的资料进行了综合对比分析,并依据冲绳海槽岩浆岩的Pb同位素组成特征,指出冲绳海槽及其所在的沟弧盆体系之下的地幔属于印度洋型地幔,相对于海槽中部的玄武岩岩浆,海槽南部的玄武岩岩浆来自地幔更高程度的熔融;冲绳海槽玄武岩岩浆受到了俯冲板块物质加入的影响,且南部玄武岩岩浆受影响的程度要高于中部,这可能受控于俯冲板块的深度(南部:100~150 km;中部:约200 km);冲绳海槽玄武岩部分属于MORB型,这应是冲绳海槽早期扩张的重要特征和证据之一.在上述分析工作的基础上,提出了今后对冲绳海槽岩浆作用的研究应主要集中在以下几个方面:冲绳海槽基底岩石类型的甄别与分布;岩浆源区地幔的类型及特征;板块俯冲对冲绳海槽岩浆作用的贡献及制约机制;冲绳海槽岩浆作用与海底热液活动的内在联系等.      

Thermal and rheological structures of the Xisha Trough, South China Sea

The Xisha Trough, located in the northwest of the South China Sea (SCS) mainly rifted 30 Ma ago, has been a failed rift since the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the NW subbasin. Based on the velocity–depth model along Profile OBH-4 across the Xisha Trough, a seven-layer density–depth model is used to estimate density structure for the profile. The relationship between seismic velocity and radiogenic heat production is used to estimate the vertical distribution of heat sources in the lower crust. The 2-D temperature field is calculated by applying a 2-D numerical solution of the heat conduction equation and the thermal lithosphere thickness is obtained from the basalt dry solidus (BDS). The rheology of the profile is estimated on the basis of frictional failure in the brittle regime and power-law steady-state creep in the ductile regime. Rheological model is constructed for a three-layer model involving a granitic upper crust, a quartz diorite lower crust and an olivine upper mantle. Gravity modeling supports basically the velocity–depth model. The Moho along Profile OBH-4 is of relatively high heat flow ranging from 46 to 60 mW/m² and the Moho heat flow is higher in the trough than on the flanks. The depth of the “thermal” lithospheric lower boundary is about 54 km in the center, deepens toward two sides, and is about 75 km at the northern slope area and about 70 km at the southern Xisha–Zhongsha Block. Rheological calculation indicates that the two thinnest ductile layers in the crust and the thickest brittle layer in the uppermost mantle lie in the central region, showing that the Xisha Trough has been rheologically strengthened, which are mainly due to later thermal relaxation. In addition, the strengthening in rheology during rifting was not the main factor in hampering the breakup of the Xisha Trough.     

冲绳海槽岩浆活动研究进展及思考

冲绳海槽以其特有的构造地质环境吸引着众多地质学者的关注。针对冲绳海槽地区岩浆作用过程的研究是其中的核心内容之一。本文综述了近年来冲绳海槽岩浆源区物质特征、岩浆形成演化过程及其控制机制等方面研究取得的主要成果,并在此基础上指出了目前冲绳海槽岩浆活动研究工作中存在的科学问题,提出利用铀系不平衡方法研究冲绳海槽岩浆活动的新思路,同时探讨了今后一段时间内的研究方向应该集中在以下四个方面: ①菲律宾板块俯冲的脱水过程对冲绳海槽岩浆活动的作用;②俯冲过程中深海沉积物对冲绳海槽岩浆的贡献;③冲绳海槽岩浆熔融的控制因素;④冲绳海槽火山活动和海底热液活动的成因关系。