新疆东部印支期成岩成矿年代学新证据

新疆东部是否存在印支期成矿作用长期存在争议 ,并引起了众多地质学家的关注。同位素年代学研究表明 ,吐哈盆地南缘的石英滩金矿床含矿石英脉 Rb-Sr等时线年龄为 2 3 7± 9Ma(95 %可信度 ,下同 )、东准噶尔南部的双峰山金矿含矿石英脉 Rb-Sr等时线年龄为2 2 6± 2 1Ma(95 %可信     

湘东北地区金矿成矿时代研究

产于中元古界冷家溪群浅变质碎屑岩中的一系列金矿床是湘东北地区主要金矿床类型.早期研究者认为该类金矿床的成矿时代属加里东期或燕山期,但均没有高质量的测年数据支持.笔者对湘东北地区黄金洞、万古、团山背3个典型金矿床开展了石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr同位素测年工作,获得黄金洞、万古和团山背3个金矿床Rb-Sr等时线年龄,分别为(462±18)Ma(MSWD=1.6)、(425±33)Ma(MSWD=0.14)和(222.4±9.4)Ma(MSWD=2.6),87Sr/86Sr初始值分别为(0.7589±0.0005)、(0.7517±0.0004)和(0.7335±0.0009).测年结果表明,湘东北地区金成矿主要发生在加里东期,并存在印支期金成矿作用.此外,湘东北地区与湘西地区金矿床成矿时代具有一致性,均集中于加里东期和印支期,是江南古陆上金矿床成矿的两个主要时期.     

新疆东准噶尔顿巴斯套金矿床含金黄铁矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄及地质意义

新疆东准噶尔地区金矿床矿石矿物的直接定年研究比较缺乏.顿巴斯套金矿床位于该地区阿尔曼泰构造带东段北东侧,为该构造带中规模最大的金矿床.应用Rb-Sr同位素定年方法对该矿床9件黄铁矿样品进行了成矿时代测定,获得等时线年龄为268±3 Ma（MSWD=0.7）,该年龄与矿区西北部高钾钙碱性花岗岩成岩时代一致,成矿与中二叠世构造岩浆活动具有密切关系.同时结合近些年来金矿床成岩成矿年代学研究成果,认为中二叠世（270~260 Ma）为东准噶尔地区一个重要的金成矿时限.黄铁矿Rb-Sr年龄的厘定,显示顿巴斯套金矿床为中二叠世东准噶尔地区后碰撞伸展背景下构造-岩浆-流体活动的产物,也为东准噶尔金矿床成矿作用对比和找矿实践提供了参考.      

河北省赤城县万全寺银金矿形成时代及其地质意义

张家口赤城县万全寺银金矿床为冀北地区在成矿作用上与火山期后热液活动有关的代表性矿床。银金矿物主要以包裹体形式嵌布于闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化物中,硫化物是银、金的主要载体,硫化物的形成时间可代表银金矿床的成矿时间。本研究采用Rb-Sr法对闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿这三种共生硫化物矿物进行了测定,获得Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(144.1±4.0)Ma(MSWD=3.3,n=6),认为该年龄代表万全寺银金矿的成矿年龄。该年龄与区内已知的其他多金属矿床成矿时代接近,也与区内北东向上黄旗—乌龙沟构造-岩浆岩带的主要活动时期相吻合,表明在晚侏罗世—早白垩世期间,张家口地区存在一次强烈的与中酸性岩浆活动相关的贵金属与多金属的成矿作用。     

赣东北东乡铜矿侵入岩与成矿年龄的确定及意义

对于赣东北地区东乡铜矿床的成因机制,一直存在着海西期海底喷流沉积成矿作用与燕山期岩浆热液成矿作用的成因争议,获得精确的成矿年龄是解决这一成因争议的关键.利用LA-ICP-MS技术对矿区中与矿体伴生的花岗闪长斑岩进行了锆石U-Pb同位素定年,两个花岗闪长斑岩样品的形成年龄分别为164±2 Ma、160±1 Ma.同时对东乡铜矿床块状硫化物矿石中的石英,开展了流体包裹体Rb-Sr同位素定年研究,获得一条等时线年龄为161.8±9.6 Ma（MSDW=1.3）.结合对流体包裹体以及区域成矿作用的研究,认为该年龄可以代表东乡铜矿的形成时代.这些定年结果表明,东乡铜矿的形成可能与该区燕山期花岗闪长斑岩侵入活动带来的岩浆流体成矿作用有关.      

新疆伊吾琼河坝地区铜、金矿成矿时代及其找矿前景

文章采用高分辨率、高灵敏度离子探针(SHRIMP)和Rb-Sr等时线定年技术,对新疆伊吾琼河坝地区的云英山斑岩铜矿和淖毛湖北山金矿床的岩体和矿体进行了年代学研究,获得云英山斑岩铜矿区内斜长花岗斑岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(411.7±7.1)Ma(95%置信度,MSWD=3.0),该矿床的含矿石英脉石英矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(357±15)Ma(95%置信度,MSWD=0.16);淖毛湖北山金矿含矿石英脉中石英矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(346±10)Ma(95%置信度,MSWD=0.19).测定结果显示,该区斑岩型铜矿和破碎带蚀变岩型金矿的形成时间为晚泥盆世-早石炭世,表明云英山式斑岩型铜金矿和淖毛湖式金矿成矿作用与泥盆纪-石炭纪汇聚阶段的火山-次火山岩浆活动有关,也意味着在琼河坝地区具有寻找与火山作用有关的铜、金多金属矿的潜力.     

云开隆起金矿带流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄

首次测定了云开隆起金矿带河台、新洲金矿石英中流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄。新洲金矿一条等时线年龄为431±121Ma;另一条年龄为133.1±12.5Ma。河台矿区获3条等时线,年龄分别为121.9±14.1Ma、129.6±6.1Ma和129.3±4.1Ma。结合矿区岩石和矿物的U～Pb、Rb-Sr和K-Ar年龄以及矿石铅同位素年龄资料得出结论,自震旦纪以来(矿床围岩时代为震旦纪),本区经历了多期(主要是加里东期和燕山期)地质作用,包括构造-岩浆活动和变质-混合岩化作用,金矿的形成和演化与这些地质作用有紧密的关系,但成矿作用主要在燕山中—晚期。     

江西岩背斑岩锡矿的成岩成矿时代及其地质意义

岩背锡矿地处南武夷山西坡江西会昌县境内.该矿以富含原生黄玉为特征,是本区至今发现的唯一大型独立锡矿床.笔者对矿区内含锡花岗斑岩和成矿作用早阶段形成的石英-黄玉-锡石-硫化物脉进行了Rb-Sr同位素年代学研究,获得全岩和石英矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为(128.1±3.3)Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.07,Ir=0.7163±0.0052)和(125.5±6.1)Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.5,Ir=0.7130±0.0050),表明岩背锡矿的成岩成矿作用均发生于早白垩世晚期,其成因与中生代火山期后高位侵入的花岗斑岩密切相关.     

陕西凤太矿集区柴蚂金矿床脉状闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素测年及意义

柴蚂金矿床位于陕西省凤太矿集区西北部八卦庙超大型金矿床的西侧约0.5km处,二者在成矿地质背景和控矿条件等方面均相似。该矿床共划分出5个含矿带,其产出位置受地层和构造联合控制。本次工作对柴蚂金矿床中发育的脉状闪锌矿进行了Rb-Sr同位素测年研究,获得了等时线年龄为(210.8±2.4)Ma,即晚三叠世;闪锌矿的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr_i值为0.710 55±0.000 11,指示铅锌矿化的成矿物质可能主要来源于大陆壳。结合前人的研究成果分析认为,凤太矿集区内的铅锌矿化和金矿化是在秦岭造山带印支期碰撞-后碰撞过程中同一时代同一成矿作用的产物。     

东天山硫磺山铜多金属矿床成岩成矿作用同位素地质年代学

前人根据矿体的产出受碳酸盐岩层位控制和Pb同位素模式年龄资料,多认为硫磺山铜多金属矿床为层控型铜铅锌多金属矿床,其形成时代为奥陶纪.基于矿区石英斑岩体见矿化和矿化蚀变,矿体与围岩呈渐变关系等特点,笔者主张该矿床属斑岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床.年代学研究表明,含矿石英脉Rb-Sr等时线年龄(346±30 Ma)与石英斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(340～360 Ma)在测定误差范围内一致,表明成岩与成矿作用均发生在早石炭世-晚泥盆世,成矿作用无论从空间上和时间上都与石英斑岩有关.     

江西大吉山钨矿成矿年代学研究

大吉山钨矿床是一个大型的石英脉型钨矿床。矿床在空间上与燕山早期复式花岗岩相伴。利用云母单矿物的K Ar同位素年龄测试方法,测定了矿床有关的花岗岩及矿脉的同位素年龄。结果表明,黑云母花岗岩中黑云母K Ar年龄为(160 3±3 03)Ma和(164 2±3 5)Ma,二云母花岗岩中白云母K Ar年龄为(160 6±2 8)Ma,含钨石英脉中白云母K Ar年龄为(152 6±2 35)Ma和(158 1±2 8)Ma。钨成矿与花岗岩的成岩基本不存在时差,推测含钨石英脉的形成可能与岩浆分异出的富含矿化剂和成矿元素的流体有关。     

碧口群铜矿床的成矿时限及其意义

碧口群铜矿床作为早期同生喷流,后期受变质改造的沉积一变质改造型矿床,其保留有同生沉积的纹层构造和后生叠加改造的脉状构造。脉状硫化物Sr同位素及含矿石英脉的Ar同位素定年分别给出329Ma和211．3Ma,说明脉状硫化物的成矿时限在329－211Ma左右。由于该年龄明显小于矿体围岩的Sin－Nd、Rb－Sr年龄,所以该年龄反映了碧口群矿床的后期叠加成矿的时间。     

湖南东坡矿田金船塘、红旗岭锡多金属矿床Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素年代学研究

与千里山岩体有密切时空联系的东坡矿田是我国主要钨锡多金属矿产资源基地之一。在前人对千里山复式岩体成岩时代和金船塘与千里山岩体第一期似斑状花岗岩侵入活动有关的成矿作用研究的基础上,笔者选择金船塘及红旗岭矿床含矿石英脉中的石英和金船塘矿床矽卡岩矿石中的单矿物,进行石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr和矽卡岩矿物(包括符山石和石榴石)Sm-Nd同位素年代学研究,得出金船塘及红旗岭矿床石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为133.4±5.9 Ma(MSWD=1.3)和143.1±8.7 Ma(MSWD=47),金船塘矿床矽卡岩矿物Sm-Nd等时线年龄为141±11 Ma(MSWD=0.27)。同位素年代学研究表明金船塘矿床至少存在164 Ma±、133~141 Ma两期成矿作用,在测定误差范围内,它们分别与千里山岩体第一期似斑状花岗岩(152 Ma)和第二期等粒黑云母花岗岩(136~137Ma)的侵入活动有关,而红旗岭矿床的成矿作用与千里山岩体第二期岩浆侵入活动有关。     

Geochronology of igneous rocks at and near to the Nezhdaninka gold deposit, Yakutia, Russia: U-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd isotopic data

The intrusive rocks associated with the large Nezhdaninka gold deposit (Au > 470 t) hosted in the Permian carbonaceous terrigenous sequence have been dated on zircon and rock-forming minerals with precision U-Pb (ID-TIMS) and Rb-Sr methods. The lamprophyre of the dike complex that occurs in the ore field and spatially is related to gold mineralization has concordant U-Pb zircon age (121 ± 1 Ma) and the same isochron Rb-Sr age (121.0 ± 2.8 Ma). The concordant U-Pb zircon age of granodiorite that dominates in the Kurum pluton is 94 ± 1 Ma, whereas the Rb-Sr isochron age of various intrusive rocks from this pluton is 1–4 Ma younger. This difference is caused by long-term cooling of the Kurum pluton and later closure of Rb-Sr isotopic system of biotite (300–350°C) and other rock-forming minerals as compared with U-Pb isotopic system of zircon (～ 900°C). The Rb-Sr age of quartz diorite from the Gel’dy group of stocks (92.6 ± 0.8 Ma) coincides within uncertainty limits with the age of the Kurum pluton. Thus, the rocks pertaining to two epochs of magmatic activity, which developed in the South Verkhoyansk Foldbelt and divided by a time span of 25–28 Ma, are documented in the Nezhdaninka ore field. Taking into account that the age of gold mineralization is no less than 120 Ma, the data obtained allow us to specify the previously proposed formation model of the Nezhdaninka deposit. These data give grounds to rule out the Late Cretaceous Kurum pluton and the Gel’dy group of stocks from constituents of the ore-magmatic system, and to suggest that an Early Cretaceous deep-seated magma source existed beneath the deposit. Along with host terrigenous rocks, this magma source participated in the supply of matter to the hydrothermal system. The Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic systematics of igneous rocks and ore mineralization in the Nezhdaninka ore field show that the Early and Late Cretaceous magma sources were formed in the Precambrian crust dated at ～1.8 Ga.     

湘南新田岭大型钨钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义

新田岭矿床是湘南地区一大型矽卡岩-石英脉型钨钼多金属矿床,在成因上与骑田岭岩体早期侵位的角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩相关。分别对该矿床矽卡岩型和石英脉型矿石内的辉钼矿单矿物进行了Re-Os同位素测年,结果显示,矽卡岩型矿石中1件辉钼矿的187Re-187Os模式年龄为159.1±2.6Ma,6件石英脉型矿石中辉钼矿的187Re-187Os模式年龄为159.1～160.2Ma,加权平均值为159.4±1.3Ma,对应的等时线年龄为161.7±9.3Ma,与已有的矽卡岩内铁云母Ar-Ar年龄(157.1±0.3Ma)和石英脉内石英流体包裹体的Rb-Sr年龄(157.4±3.2Ma)在误差范围内相吻合,指示新田岭钨钼矿床的成矿时限大致可限定为157.1～161.7Ma,表明钨钼矿化与该区骑田岭岩体早期侵位的角闪石黑云母花岗岩(160～163Ma)具有密切的时间关系。结合已有的研究结果认为,新田岭大型钨钼矿床与骑田岭岩体早期侵位的角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩具有密切的时、空联系,而南部的芙蓉锡矿与晚期侵位的黑云母二长花岗岩更为密切,整个骑田岭A型花岗岩的侵位及相关的钨锡多金属成矿作用应为一个连续的演化过程,均为南岭地区150～160Ma钨锡多金属爆发式成矿作用的产物。该区在中-晚侏罗世(150～165Ma)岩石圈的伸展减薄背景下,软流圈地幔物质沿着深大断裂上涌,强烈的壳幔相互作用可能为大规模的花岗质岩浆活动及钨锡多金属的成矿大爆发提供了主要的热动力和部分物源。     

滇东北毛坪铅锌矿床的成矿时代:闪锌矿Rb-Sr定年

毛坪铅锌矿床是滇东北地区代表性矿床之一,目前尚缺乏精确的成矿年代学数据。该文对选自块状铅锌矿石的4件闪锌矿单矿物样品进行了Rb-Sr同位素定年,获得等时线年龄为321.7±5.8 Ma(MSWD=1.5),表明毛坪铅锌矿床的主成矿作用发生于石炭纪。此外,闪锌矿~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始值为0.712166±0.000017,低于大陆地壳~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr平均值(0.719)且高于地幔Sr初始值(0.707),暗示成矿物质主要来源于大陆地壳并混有少量地幔物质。综合前人研究成果,作者认为毛坪铅锌矿属后生矿床,与晚二叠世峨眉山大火成岩省玄武岩浆活动无成因联系,类似于典型的MVT矿床,且滇东北地区可能发育多期铅锌矿化作用。     

Genesis of the Wulong gold deposit,Liaoning Province,NE China:Constrains from noble gases,radiogenic and stable isotope studies

TheWulong lode deposit contains over 80 tonnes of gold with an average grade of 5.35 g/t.It is one of the largest deposits in Dandong City,Liaoning Province in northeast China.Previous studies on the deposit focused on its geological characteristics,geochemistry,fluid inclusions,and the timing of gold mineralization.However,controversy remains regarding the origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals,and the genesis of the gold deposit.This paper presents zircon UePb and pyrite RbeSr ages and S,Pb,He,and Ar isotopic results along with quartz H and O isotopic data for all litho-units associated with the deposit.Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry measurements yielded zircon UePb dates for samples of pre-mineralization rocks like granite porphyry dike,the Sanguliu granodiorite,fine-grained diorite,and syn-mineralization diorite,as well as post-mineralization dolerite,and lamprophyre;their emplacement ages are 126
1 Ma,124
1 Ma,123
1 Ma,120
1 Ma,119
2 Ma,and 115
2 Ma,respectively.The pyrite RbeSr isochron age is 119
1 Ma,indicating that both magmatism and mineralization occurred during the Early Cretaceous.The d18OH2O values of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids from the quartzepolymetallic sulfide vein stage vary from 4.8&to 6.5&,and the dDV-SMOW values are between67.7&and75.9&,indicating that the ore-forming fluids were primarily magmatic.The noble gas isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite suggest that the ore-forming fluids were dominantly derived from crustal sources with minor mantle input.Sulfur isotopic values of pyrite vary between 0.2&and 3.5&,suggesting that S was derived from a homogeneous magmatic source or possibly from fluids derived from the crust.The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides(207Pb/204Pb?15.51 e15.71,206Pb/204Pb?17.35e18.75,208Pb/204Pb?38.27e40.03)indicate that the Pb of the Wulong gold deposit is a mixture of crust and mantle components.Geochronological and geochemical data,together with the regional geological history,indicate that Early Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization of the Wulong gold deposit occurred during the rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate,which resulted in lithospheric thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton(NCC),which indicates that the deposit is of magmaticehydrothermal origin.     

Rb-Sr direct dating of pyrite from the Pipela VMS Zn-Cu prospect,Rajasthan, NW India

In unaltered volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ore deposits, variable Rb/Sr ratios in the ore mineral permits application of the Rb-Sr isotopic method to directly date the time of ore formation. In contrast, post-crystallization deformation and metamorphism would open the system to metamorphic fluids that would alter elemental ratios. To test whether the Rb-Sr isotopic systematics in the ore minerals had preserved the formation time in the ∼800 Ma metamorphosed VMS ores within the ∼1 Ga Ambaji-Sendra arc terrain, Rajasthan, NW India, common sulfides, pyrite and sphalerite from the Pipela Cu-Zn prospect, were analyzed for their geochemistry and Rb-Sr isotopic systematics. Trace and rare earth elements in these minerals are resident probably at crystal defects, whereas all inclusions (including those from metamorphic fluids) were removed by a simple crush leach method. Results of direct dating by the Rb-Sr method to the hydrothermal pyrite yielded an isochron age of 1025±76 Ma with an initial Sr ratio of 0.7051±0.0006, similar to previously determined zircon U-Pb age of 987 Ma from associated rhyolites. This suggests the applicability of the crush leach method to date formation time of metamorphosed pyrite ores.