地震应急基础数据库建设

地震应急数据库建设是地震应急工作的核心环节和主要工作内容,中国的地震应急数据库无论从数据内容上,还是数据库建设涉及面都超过以往任何时候地震系统的数据库建设工作,是近期地震系统面临的主要任务之一。从地震应急基础数据库建设的意义、数据库定义、基本数据内容、数据库的作用、建库方法与原则等多方面对目前正在开展的地震应急基础数据库建设进行了阐述,是对前一阶段地震应急数据库建设工作的一个阶段性总结。     

基于Geodatabase面向对象的地震应急数据库的设计与实现——以镇江市为例

地震应急基础数据库是各级应急部门开展应急工作的基础,通过对镇江市地震应急基础数据库设计方法的研究,以实现应急数据库的快速设计和物理实现,为城市应急指挥体系数据不足的问题提供解决方案。研究基于Geodatabase面向对象数据库的建库方法,采用UML设计语言对应急数据库进行逻辑设计,并利用Arc GIS Diagrammer建模工具,实现应急数据库的快速搭建。最终,成功设计并搭建了镇江市地震应急数据库。     

从汶川8级地震探讨地震应急基础数据在现场工作中的作用

“十五”期间国家和各省建立的地震应急指挥技术系统在汶川8．0级地震中得到全面的检验,其中包含地震应急基础数据库。通过汶川8．0级地震应急工作中的实践,对陕西地震应急基础数据库的功能、作用及问题等进行初步的探讨。     

遥感技术在地震应急基础数据库建设中的应用

基于地震应急基础数据库的需求,以快速、有效、准确的获取任意区域范围的建筑物基础信息数据为目的,通过应用面向对象特征提取技术从遥感图像上获取建筑物信息,并结合GIS技术将获取到的数据在空间地理坐标下网格化,得到建筑物基础信息空间网格数据库.本文详细介绍了数据库建设的技术路线和在震害评估系统中的应用,并以四川省为例验证了本方法的可行性和准确性,为地震应急工作提供了有效的数据支持,为开展更大范围的数据库建设工作提供了一种新的思路.     

历史灾害地震信息数据库建设

针对震后应急救援领域需要大量基础数据支撑的现状,拟在收集整理1990年以来中国历史地震灾害信息的基础上,根据地震应急、救援、决策等对地震灾情信息的需求,开展数据深层次分析、分类、挖掘工作,完成数据库结构设计,基于开源数据库MongoDB架构,建立了针对地震应急信息特征的灾害信息数据库,实现地震灾情信息的快速查询、统计、调用等功能,提高了应急基础数据库的精度和准确度,实现地震灾情信息的科学化、规范化、系统化管理,为地震灾害快速评估技术系统和辅助决策的生成提供数据保障。     

山西大同市地震应急基础数据库项目建设现状及改进对策分析

文章通过对大同市地震应急基础数据库项目建设的现状,数据收集的过程进行分析,发现了目前存在的问题,进一步提出了改进的措施和建议,明确应建立各项管理制度,确保地震应急基础数据库在地震发生后发挥其作用。     

基于多比例尺技术的南京市地震应急数据库建设

为实现不同比例尺地震应急数据的融合与集成,在分析城市地震应急数据库功能的基础上,设计了基于多比例尺空间数据库技术的南京市地震应急数据库框架。论述了其中不同尺度基础地理信息数据的处理、转换方法,以及多比例尺基础地理信息数据的融合建库方法。接着阐述了地震应急专题数据库的设计和与多尺度基础数据的联接。最后通过开发南京市地震突发事件救灾应急平台,展示了多比例尺应急数据库在地震应急平台中的应用。     

基于地震应急基础数据的山西地震应急能力评价指标体系建设

应急能力评价指标体系的建立可为政府进行应急能力评价、应急能力建设提供科学依据.本文在前期众多学者对应急能力评价指标体系研究的基础上,以地震应急救援案例为依据,以地震应急基础数据库为基础,选取全面、客观、可量化、易操作的应急能力评价指标,以层次分析法和专家咨询法为模型,初步建立了山西地震应急能力指标体系.     

江苏省地震应急指挥决策演示系统介绍

江苏省地震应急指挥决策演示系统是江苏省地震局“九五”重点课题－江苏省地震应急指挥系统的一个组成部分，它主要集成了测震数据库及测震学预报软件（CAPSEIS），前兆数据库及前兆学预报软件（JSOMEN），强震中短期预报动态图像系统，台站基础信息数据库，地震烈度分布计算等软件系统，一旦出现地震情时可以为地震研究人员提供常用的基础资料，震情分析判断工具和震害快速预测等。本文重点介绍笔者对基础图件和基础资料信息等系统数据库整理所做的工作，同时介绍该系统的功能及其使用。     

抓基础 促管理 推进地震应急工作迈上新台阶——固原市2006年地震应急工作纪实

0 前言 2006年，固原市防震减灾工作，特别是地震应急工作在市委、市政府的高度重视下，在自治区地震局的大力支持和指导下，认真贯彻落实《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》和《宁夏回族自治区防震减灾条例》，落实科学发展观，取得了长足的进步，地震应急工作迈上了新台阶。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

琼中地震台重力仪记录同震响应特征分析

2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。