长江水下三角洲沉积物碎屑矿物研究

研究了长江水下三角洲表层沉积物中0.063～0.125 mm粒级的碎屑矿物组成、组合类型及其分布特征,并对研究区碎屑矿物成熟度、物质来源、沉积环境以及组合分区进行了探讨。结果表明,该区轻矿物占主体,质量分数平均达95.09%,以石英、长石为主;重矿物共37种,以普通角闪石、绿帘石、绢云母、普通辉石、白云母、赤铁矿、透闪石和褐铁矿为主。依据碎屑矿物含量及分布特征,将研究划分为3个矿物组合区,各区重矿物组合类型不仅与物质来源有关,而且受水动力条件和沉积环境制约。     

长江口北支表层沉积物重矿物分布和磁学特征

分析了长江口北支表层沉积物的重矿物分布,结合磁参数和粒度特征,探讨其在各沉积动力分区的分布特点及控制因素.研究表明:研究区重矿物以角闪石和绿帘石组合为主,其次为云母类和磁铁矿等.其中浅滩和潮流脊处水动力较强,沉积物颗粒较粗,重矿物以片状矿物-稳定矿物组合占优势,磁性参数相对较低;汉道和潮汐通道处水动力相对较弱,沉积物以...     

山东半岛南部近岸海域碎屑矿物对中小河流的物源响应

对山东半岛南部近岸海域的106个表层沉积物样品及大沽河、五龙河和乳山河的94个表层沉积物样品进行碎屑矿物分析,系统地研究了碎屑矿物的分布特征及物源指示。研究区共鉴定出40种重矿物和13种轻矿物,重矿物以普通角闪石、绿帘石、黑云母和自生黄铁矿为主,轻矿物以石英、斜长石、钾长石和风化云母为主。根据碎屑矿物组合特征,将研究区分为4个矿物区:Ⅰ区为胶州湾口至崂山头的附近海域;Ⅱ_1亚区为丁字湾和鳌山湾附近水深约15m以浅的海域,Ⅱ_2亚区为研究区东南部水深20m的远岸区;Ⅲ区处于Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区的过渡带;Ⅳ区为乳山口西南部近岸海域。Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区的矿物组合均为普通角闪石-绿帘石-石英-长石,Ⅰ区和Ⅱ_1亚区受大沽河、五龙河和乳山河输入的物质及沿岸基岩、岛屿风化碎屑的影响较大,Ⅱ_2亚区主要为晚更新世低海平面时形成的陆架残留沉积。Ⅲ区矿物组合为普通角闪石-石英-长石-片状矿物,Ⅳ区矿物组合为云母类-自生黄铁矿-普通角闪石-石英,Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区物源多样,黄河物质对两区贡献显著。     

文登近岸海域重矿物组合分布及对沉积动力环境的指示

对文登近岸海域97个表层沉积物样品进行了重矿物分离与鉴定,应用相关性分析、Q型聚类分析等数理统计分析手段,研究了重矿物的组合及分布特征,并进行了重矿物分区,辅以沉积物粒度特征对研究区沉积物来源及沉积动力环境进行了分析,进一步探讨了五垒岛湾消退的原因。结果表明,研究区碎屑重矿物以角闪石、绿帘石为主,重矿物组合主要有黑云母-白云母-风化云母-绿泥石组合、钛铁矿-磁铁矿-褐铁矿-锆石-石榴石组合、普通辉石-紫苏辉石-透辉石-电气石组合以及普通角闪石-绿帘石组合共4种。研究区可划分为5个矿物组合区,各矿物区物源及沉积动力环境差异较大。充足的物源供应和适宜的沉积环境导致了五垒岛湾的淤积,五垒岛湾将会进一步萎缩。     

闽江河口表层沉积物重矿物特征与物源示踪

对闽江河口近岸海域的230个表层沉积物样品和闽江20个表层沉积物样品进行重矿物分析,系统地研究了重矿物的分布特征及其物源指示。研究区共鉴定出重矿物27种,主要以普通角闪石、绿帘石、磁铁矿和黑云母为主。根据重矿物组合分布特征,将研究区分为两个矿物组合区,并划分为3个矿物组合亚区。闽江口近岸沉积区(Ⅰ-1区)矿物组合为普通角闪石-磁铁矿-绿帘石,受闽江物质影响很大;近岸混合沉积区(Ⅰ-2区)矿物组合为普通角闪石-磁铁矿-黑云母-绿帘石,受浙闽沿岸流携带物质和闽江物质共同影响沉积形成,闽江物质影响明显减弱;残留沉积区(Ⅱ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石-绿帘石-磁铁矿,主要为受后期改造的晚更新世海侵边界层。     

大连湾近海表层沉积物重矿物组合分布特征及其物源环境指示

对大连湾近海表层沉积物进行了重矿物的分离和鉴定,探讨该区沉积物中重矿物来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了分析.研究区沉积物中普遍出现的碎屑重矿物共有29种,其中普通角闪石含量最高,绿帘石和钛铁矿次之.重矿物特征指数及不稳定矿物/稳定矿物比值被用来协助划分矿物组合区,结合重矿物分布特征,研究区可划分为3个矿物组合区,对...     

南黄海北部B03孔沉积物的重矿物特征及物源指示意义

本文对取自南黄海北部的B03孔岩芯(330cm)沉积物进行了粒度和重矿物特征分析,并运用电子探针技术,分析了其典型层位角闪石的矿物化学特征。研究表明,B03孔柱状样为均一连续的粉砂质沉积,重矿物含量较低(平均仅0.65%),主要为云母类和闪石类矿物,岩芯以85cm处为界分为上、下2个沉积层,其重矿物组合分别为普通角闪石-云母类矿物-绿帘石和云母类矿物-普通角闪石-绿帘石。角闪石的EPMA分析显示其种属主要为镁角闪石,其次为镁钙闪石、铁镁钙闪石及阳起石,成因以中酸性侵入岩与中高级变质岩为主,上下沉积层角闪石特征元素Mg/Fe2+比值分别为2.03、1.90。综合分析认为,岩芯的主要物源为黄河源物质及山东半岛陆架基岩剥蚀产物的混源,上下沉积层的矿物特征差异暗示了沉积物源发生了变化,其分界线可能代表了黄河1855年改道事件在山东半岛东部陆架的区域响应。     

青岛近岸海域表层沉积物重矿物分布及物源北大核心CSCD

对青岛近岸海域127个表层沉积物样品和周边入海河流22个表层沉积物样品重矿物分析,系统地研究了重矿物分布特征和物质来源。结果表明,研究区矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—黑云母—褐铁矿—自生黄铁矿,可划分为3个矿物分区。田横岛—千里岩岛矿物区(Ⅰ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—黑云母—阳起石,物源主要来自五龙河等沿岸河流,黄河物质也有贡献;崂山头东部矿物区(Ⅱ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—石榴子石,物源以残留沉积和沿岸侵蚀物为主;海阳—乳山近岸矿物区(Ⅲ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—自生黄铁矿—黑云母—水黑云母—绿帘石—褐铁矿,沉积物受黄河影响显著,沿岸河流和岛屿侵蚀物也有影响。     

青岛近岸海域表层沉积物重矿物分布及物源

对青岛近岸海域127个表层沉积物样品和周边入海河流22个表层沉积物样品重矿物分析,系统地研究了重矿物分布特征和物质来源。结果表明,研究区矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—黑云母—褐铁矿—自生黄铁矿,可划分为3个矿物分区。田横岛—千里岩岛矿物区(Ⅰ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—黑云母—阳起石,物源主要来自五龙河等沿岸河流,黄河物质也有贡献;崂山头东部矿物区(Ⅱ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—石榴子石,物源以残留沉积和沿岸侵蚀物为主;海阳—乳山近岸矿物区(Ⅲ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—自生黄铁矿—黑云母—水黑云母—绿帘石—褐铁矿,沉积物受黄河影响显著,沿岸河流和岛屿侵蚀物也有影响。     

黄河物源碎屑沉积物的重矿物特征

对取自黄河口附近的黄河干道和分流河道、河口潮间带及水下三角洲不同地貌沉积环境的149个表层样品进行了碎屑矿物学研究。结果表明，近代黄河物源碎屑沉积物与长江物源相比，具有云母-普通角闪石-绿帘石组合，富含云母类矿物，但不同环境的矿物组成由于沉积动力条件的不同而有较大变化，以黑云母／白云母和磁铁矿／钛铁矿比值高以及绿帘石／榍石和闪石类／辉石类比值低为特征。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.     

The stages of the development of the basin of the Bransfield Strait

The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev