广西栗木钽铌锡多金属矿床的成矿流体演化及其对成矿过程的制约

广西栗木钽铌锡多金属矿床既产具明显垂直分带的花岗岩型钽铌锡矿体,又有石英脉型钨锡矿体,是研究岩浆-热液演化过程的典型实例。本次研究对栗木矿区中水溪庙和金竹源两个矿床开展了系统成矿流体研究。研究表明栗木矿区中的包裹体类型主要有盐水溶液包裹体、H2O-CO2-Na Cl包裹体和熔体包裹体三类。自云英岩化钠长石花岗岩→似伟晶岩→长石石英脉型→锂云母萤石脉,盐水溶液包裹体逐渐由定向分布的次生包裹体特征,转变为面状孤立分布的原生包裹体特征,而且均一温度、盐度和密度逐渐降低,具有低均一温度(150~210℃)、低盐度(1.0%~9.0%NaC leqv)和低密度(0.83~1.05g/cm3)的特点。H2O-CO2-NaC l包裹体和熔体包裹体主要产在钠长石花岗岩和似伟晶岩中,H2O-CO2-NaC l包裹体孤立分布,均一温度为260~350℃,盐度为0.8%~8.5%NaC leqv;熔体包裹体的固相初熔温度为560~600℃,完全均一温度为704~853℃,流体相具有与盐水溶液包裹体相近的均一温度和盐度。根据以上资料,本文把栗木矿区的成矿作用分为岩浆阶段的钽铌锡成矿作用和岩浆热液阶段的钨锡成矿作用,估算成岩成矿压力约为270MPa,这有利于栗木矿区的钽铌锡在花岗岩浆阶段发生了相对贫化的富集作用,钽、铌、锡、钨等元素在熔体/流体的分配系数制约了钽铌成矿作用发生在岩浆阶段,而钨锡成矿作用主要发生在热液阶段。     

西华山花岗岩及钨锡铍矿田成矿流体演化

西华山花岗岩由早期侵入的斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩(γ52-1)和晚期侵入的中-细粒黑云母花岗岩(γ52-2)及γ52-2顶部与γ52-1接触带上含少量钨铁矿的似伟晶岩边壳组成.钨锡铍主要成矿阶段的黑钨矿-长石-石英脉或黑钨矿-绿柱石-石英脉及无矿石英脉均穿切两期花岗岩及似伟晶岩壳.单个水晶体不同部位及不同时空分布的石英中流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(130.3±6.3)Ma和(139.8±4.5)Ma,黑钨矿和萤石的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(139.2±3)Ma和(137.4±3)Ma.西华山和荡坪钨锡铍矿床成矿时代为(135±5)Ma,其成矿作用与晚期侵入的中粒-中细粒黑云母花岗岩有关,矿脉中绿柱石熔体、熔-流体包裹体的发现及其与流体包裹体的共存表明,西华山钨锡铍成矿作用自岩浆-热液过渡阶段即已开始.成矿作用早期以岩浆及岩浆水为主,晚期成矿作用是在相对开放体系中进行的,并有大量大气降水混入.     

评价含锡花岗岩类岩体成矿性的包裹体地球化学标志

本工作比较系统地研究了湘桂粤赣地区主要含锡花岗岩类岩体和部分非含锡岩体矿物中包裹体的发育分布特征和大小、形状、类型、气相比、均一温度、盐度、气液相成分、氢氧同位素组成等特征,指出含有机质包裹体、沸腾包裹体群、含流体相熔融包裹体,CO_2含量大于4%,Cl~-/F~-摩尔比值小于1以及流体总浓度大于10%等特征是成锡岩体的包裹体地球化学判别标志。     

赣南茅坪钨矿流体包裹体研究

赣南茅坪钨矿是近年来探明的一个大型钨锡多金属矿床,矿床由石英脉型矿体和云英岩化花岗岩型矿体组成.本文在详细的岩相学观察基础上,对该矿床含矿石英脉石英和黄玉中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温和拉曼探针分析,并尝试用红外显微镜对黑钨矿中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温.结果表明,石英和黄玉中的流体包裹体主要为富液相的两相( H2O-NaCI)型水溶液包裹体,其中石英中尚有极少量的含CO2三相水溶液包裹体.石英中流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度范围较宽且均一温度分为较为明显的两个区间,石英中含CO2三相水溶液包裹体的均一温度与富液相两相水溶液包裹体的高温区间较为一致,盐度则明显低于后者,但均一方式不同.黑钨矿中流体包裹体的均一温度及盐度最高,黄玉中流体包裹体的均一温度及盐度较高且分布范围较窄.石英中流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度特征表明了成矿作用的多阶段性和流体演化的复杂性.流体包裹体特征表明,流体的早期沸腾作用和晚期混合作用可能是茅坪钨矿床石英脉型黑钨矿形成的主要机制.     

粤北连平地区钨锡多金属矿床成矿时代研究

粤北连平地区钨锡多金属矿床类型主要为石英脉型.采用云母Ar-Ar法和石英包裹体Rb-Sr法.分别获得:锯板坑含钨锡石英脉中的云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为(139.2±1.5)Ma(等时线年龄为143.6±3.9 Ma,MSWD:0.30):鸡啼石含钨石英脉中石英包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(155.4±5.1)Ma(MSWD=2.1).结果表明该区存在燕山早期和燕山早晚过渡期两期钨锡多金属成矿作用,并且认为:(1)鸡啼石钨矿为南岭地区中生代大规模成岩成矿作用高峰期(150～160 Ma)的产物;(2)南岭地区140 Ma左右也有大型钨锡多金属矿的形成.这一成果为研究区域成矿规律,指导区域找矿提供了重要同位素年代学依据.     

湖南芙蓉锡多金属矿床成矿流体地球化学

湖南芙蓉锡多金属矿床是我国最近发现的与A型花岗岩具有成因联系的超大型锡多金属矿床.本文对该矿床主要的四种矿化类型(矽卡岩型、云英岩型、蚀变花岗岩型、锡石硫化物型)进行了系统的流体包裹体地球化学和稳定同位素地球化学研究.研究结果表明:该矿床中流体包裹体类型复杂,包括富含CO_2包裹体、气液包裹体、含子晶包裹体和气相包裹体.矽卡岩型矿石中流体包裹体均一温度主要集中在400～450℃,云英岩和蚀变花岗岩型矿石的均一温度相对下降,主要分布于250～350℃之间,锡石硫化物型矿石中包裹体温度进一步下降.成矿流体主要由高盐度CaCl_2-NaCl-KCl-H_2O流体(盐度多集中在32.2 wt%～50.6 wt%NaCl.eqv)和富含CO_2的CO_2-CH4-NaCl-H_2O低盐度流体(盐度多集中在32.2 wt%～50.6wt% NaCl.eqv)组成.芙蓉锡矿云英岩型矿石成矿流体中的水主要以岩浆水为主,锡石硫化物型矿石成矿流体中的水具有岩浆水和大气降水混合的特征,成矿流体中的碳为岩浆碳与沉积碳酸盐不同比例混合的结果.芙蓉锡多金属矿床的成矿流体应主要来源于骑田岭黑云母二长花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热流体.岩浆热流体沿岩体周围裂隙对围岩和原生矽卡岩进行热液交代,在造成绢云母化、白云母化、绿泥石化等热液蚀变现象的同时,导致了大规模的锡矿化.减压沸腾和低温流体与高温流体混合造成的沸腾作用是导致芙蓉锡矿锡沉淀的主要机制.     

赣南淘锡坑钨矿床云英岩中含CO2包裹体的发现及意义

淘锡坑矿床是赣南地区一大型黑钨矿矿床,为揭示成矿流体的早期演化特征,深入认识钨元素的富集机制,本文对淘锡坑钨矿床云英岩中流体和熔体包裹体进行了岩相学、激光拉曼光谱和显微测温研究。结果表明,云英岩中的流体包裹体可以划分为富液相两相水溶液包裹体、富气相含CO_2水溶液包裹体和纯气相包裹体三类,流体为中—高温、低盐度、低密度的NaCl-H_2O-CO_2-CH_4体系。熔体包裹体主要由钠长石、石英、少量流体相和气相组成,气相部分含有CH_4和微量CO_2。在岩浆热液演化早期阶段,流体氧化还原条件可能发生了改变,发生了CH_4到CO_2的转变,致使流体中CO_2含量增高。在流体演化过程中发生的以CO_2散逸为特征的流体不混溶作用可能是淘锡坑钨矿床形成的重要机制。CO_2对于钨元素的迁移和富集具有重要作用,CO_2的散逸是诱发黑钨矿沉淀富集的重要因素之一。     

花岗质岩石相关成矿系统的流体作用

与花岗质岩石相关的成矿系统与战略新兴矿产(W、Sn、Mo、Be、Nb、Ta、Li等)和大宗紧缺战略矿产(Cu、Au)密切相关。流体包裹体作为古成矿流体的样品,直接记录了成矿流体的温度、盐度和元素含量等关键信息。目前,随着单个流体(熔体)包裹体成分分析技术的突破,已经积累了一批可靠的成矿流体中元素含量的数据。本文总结了4种典型热液矿床的流体包裹体的温度、盐度和成分数据,对与花岗质岩石相关的成矿系统的流体性质和成矿机制进行探讨。斑岩型钼矿的熔体包裹体中钼含量不高,但斑岩型铜矿的熔体或熔流体包裹体中可含有高含量的铜和金。斑岩型钼矿和斑岩型铜矿热液阶段的流体相分离和特定温度域的流体冷却(420～350℃)是重要成矿机制。花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿和花岗岩型钨(锡)矿普遍发育的超临界流体可能具有超强的元素溶解能力。流体混合、水岩反应和流体沸腾等多种机制导致花岗岩型钨(锡)矿金属沉淀富集。目前,尚缺乏花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿的系统流体演化研究。     

赣南于都万田花岗岩锆石铀-铅定年及启示

南岭是国内外著名的钨、锡及稀土成矿带,以往的研究成果大多认为其成矿作用与中生代的岩浆活动关系密切。相对地,关于加里东期花岗岩与成矿作用关系的研究较少,而实际上加里东期花岗岩的出露面积在该区域仅次于中生代花岗岩,与钨、锡及稀土成矿作用是否存在一定的联系。本文在野外调研的基础上,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术对位于赣南于都万田花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年,同时结合该区域已有的地层和花岗岩成矿元素钨、锡进行了对比分析。结果表明,万田花岗岩体成岩确定年龄为464.9 Ma,由加里东期到燕山期,花岗岩对成矿元素钨、锡富集程度呈逐渐增强的趋势,可能暗示该区的成矿作用具有一定的继承性。     

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床成矿流体演化特征研究

瑶岗仙矿床位于湖南省郴州市瑶岗仙镇,是世界著名的钨矿床。近几年,随着云英岩析离体的发现,对于成矿流体的演化过程有了新的认识。文章通过对瑶岗仙石英脉型黑钨矿矿床的中粒碱长花岗岩、云英岩析离体和石英脉3个阶段地质体的石英中的流体包裹体进行显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析,并对云英岩析离体中的熔流包裹体进行加热熔化实验,初步证明了瑶岗仙矿床石英脉型黑钨矿阶段成矿流体的演化是由花岗质岩浆→浆液过渡态岩浆→岩浆热液的一个完整连续的过程,而且成矿流体以富含挥发分为特征。并结合地质现象,提出浆液过渡态流体与成矿作用具有直接联系。     

Phyllosilicate and rutile compositions as indicators of Sn specialization in some southeastern Australian granites

Biotites from unaltered Sn granites in southeastern Australia are highly ferroan, Fe/(Fe+Mg+Mn) >0.75, whereas biotites from barren granites are less Ferich, Fe/(Fe+Mg+Mn)<0.65. Similar distinctions between Sn-specialized and barren granites can be observed in the other phyllosilicates, especially chlorite. Biotites and muscovites from Sn granites have greater Be, Cs, (F), Li, Mo, Rb, Sc, Sn, Tl, (Y) and Zn and lesser Ba abundances than corresponding micas from barren granites in the same district. Alteration of barren granites also results in similar enrichments in micas. Of these elements, Sn and Zn, because of their abundance and retention during degradation of biotite to chlorite, are the best trace element discriminants between barren granites and Sn granites/altered granites, with the Sn content of phyllosilicates being a better indicator than Zn. Rutile inclusions within phyllosilicates from unaltered Sn granites have Nb₂O₅ contents up to 26%. The Ta content tends to increase with Nb content but especially high Ta contents occur in the rutile inclusions of granites that give rise to pegmatitic deposits. The rutile inclusions in Sn granites may also have substantial Sn and W contents. The rutiles of barren granites have low Nb, Ta, Sn and W contents but Sn and W increase with alteration. Together, the ratio Fe/(Fe+Mg+Mn) and Sn contents in phyllosilicates and rutile compositions can be used to identify the Sn mineralization potential of a granite.     

Genetic relationship between silver–lead–zinc mineralization in the Wutong deposit,Guangxi Province and Mesozoic granitic magmatism in the Nanling belt,southeast China

More than 50 % of the world's total reserves of tungsten are in China and most tungsten deposits are located in the Nanling range in southeast China. This study explores the potential genetic relationship between tungsten–tin (W–Sn) mineralization and shallower Ag–Pb–Zn deposits in the Nanling range based on data from the Wutong deposit, Guangxi Province. The lead, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and strontium isotopic compositions of minerals at Wutong indicate that a single crustal-derived fluid was responsible for mineralization. Wutong likely formed at relatively low temperatures (～200–300 °C) and low pressures, as indicated by the similarity between homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and those estimated from S isotopic compositions of minerals. The hübnerite age (92.3–104.4 Ma) indicates that the Wutong mineralization is likely related to nearby Late Yanshanian (Cretaceous) S-type granites derived from Proterozoic crust. This mineralization event coincides with the last W–Sn mineralization event and the Cretaceous peak of mineralization in the Nanling range.     

延边浅成高硫化热液金矿床的成矿流体起源与演化:以杜荒岭和九三沟矿床为例

杜荒岭和九三沟矿床是延边地区两个典型的浅成热液高硫化型金矿床,两者距离不足10km。本文运用显微测温、激光拉曼成分测试和稀有气体同位素对这两个矿床的蚀变岩和矿石中的石英内流体包裹体进行研究,以便揭示成矿流体的起源和演化过程。测温及拉曼测试结果表明:蚀变早期矿化阶段主要气体成分为CO_2、N_2的两相流体包裹体,发育少量高盐度(33.4%~48.1%)高温(410~470℃)的流体包裹体,其为深部斑岩成矿系统与后期浅成矿化流体叠加的产物;主成矿阶段均一温度为90~330℃,盐度为0.4%~44.9%,成分以H2O为主,含少量的CO_2;富气相、富液相及含石盐子晶多相的流体包裹体共存,表明流体发生了沸腾作用,这些流体包裹体被捕获的深度为100~500 m,代表浅成矿化的主要流体。稀有气体同位素结果表明:3 He/4 He值为0.009 6~0.020 6Ra,20 Ne/22 Ne、21 Ne/22 Ne值分别为9.734~9.987和0.030 9~0.040 6,40 Ar/36 Ar为1 302.4~4 433.6。上述研究结果表明,延边地区杜荒岭和九三沟金矿早期成矿流体为携带Au、Ag、Cu等成矿元素的高温、高氧化的岩浆气,主成矿阶段地壳流体的混入导致沸腾作用,晚期转以低温低盐度的大气水为主。     

Dispersed mineralization in granitic rocks in the Dukat ore field,the Russian Northeast: Sources and relationship with epithermal gold-silver and silver-base-metal ores

The dispersed mineralization in the Late Cretaceous leucogranite of the Dukat ore field comprises melanocratic high-sulfide epidote-feldspar, pyroxene-feldspar and low-sulfide allanite-fluorite-feldspar inclusions in greisenized intrusions. The silver-base-metal mineralization is composed of pyrite, pyrrhotite, small particles of Pb, Zn, Sn, Ag, and Sb sulfides and oxides, their native species, and intermetallic compounds; the rare-metal mineralization consists of REE, Th, U, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and W oxides, silicates, and aluminosilicates. The isotopic Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions and geochemical characteristics of the mineralized inclusions, rock-forming minerals of granitoids, hydrothermal minerals of preore metasomatic propylites and orebodies at the Dukat deposit show that their components have been taken from heterogeneous domains of the Paleozoic juvenile continental crust of the Siberian Platform.     

Geology and inclusion studies on the genesis of the Baolun gold deposit in Hainan Province,South China

The late Triassic Baolun gold deposit hosted by Silurian phyllites is a large‐scale high‐grade gold deposit in Hainan Island, South China. The ores can be classified into quartz‐vein dominated type and less altered rock type. Three mineralization stages were recognized by mineral assemblages. The early stage, as the most important mineralization stage, is characterized by a quartz–native gold assemblage. The muscovite?quartz?pyrite?native gold assemblage is related to the intermedium mineralization stage. In late mineralization stage, native gold and Bi‐bearing minerals are paragenetic minerals. Microthermometry analyses show that the early mineralization stage is characterized by two types of fluid inclusions, including CO₂‐rich inclusions (C‐type) and aqueous inclusions (W‐type). C‐type inclusions homogenize at 276–335°C with an averaged value of 306°C and have salinities of 1.0–10.0 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 4.9 wt% NaCl equivalent). W‐type inclusions homogenize at 252–301°C (mean value of 278°C) with salinity of 4.0–9.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.4 wt% NaCl equivalent). In intermedium mineralization stage, C‐type and W‐type inclusions homogenize at 228–320°C (mean value of 283°C) and 178–296°C (mean value of 241°C), with salinities of 2.4–9.9 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 6.5 wt% NaCl equivalent) and 3.7–11.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent), respectively. No suitable mineral, such as quartz or calcite, was found for fluid inclusion study from late mineralization stage. In contrast, only aqueous inclusions were found from post‐ore barren veins, which yielded lower homogenization temperatures ranging from 168–241°C (mean value of 195°C) and similar salinities (2.6–12.6 wt% NaCl equivalent with averaged value of 7.2 wt% NaCl equivalent). The different homogenization temperatures and similar salinities of C‐type and W‐type from each mineralization stage indicate that fluid immiscibility and boiling occurred. The Baolun gold deposit was precipitated from a CO₂‐bearing mesothermal fluid, and formed at a syn‐collision environment following the closure of the Paleo‐Tethys.     

内蒙古道伦达坝铜多金属矿床成矿流体特征及其演化

内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟西乌旗道伦达坝中型铜多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡,矿体主要产于粉砂质板岩与黑云母花岗岩的接触带.本文通过系统的岩相学、矿相学、流体包裹体和氢、氧同位素研究表明,道伦达坝铜多金属矿床属岩浆期后气化热液矿床,成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,温度区间分别为388～＞500℃、302～463℃、179～359℃.钨-锡矿化主要发生在中阶段、铜矿化主要发生在晚阶段.初始成矿流体为CH_4-CO_2-H_2O-NaCl体系,随着温压降低,CO_2、CH_4大量逸失,而演化为H_2O-NaCl体系.流体盐度变化范围大,但从早到晚逐步降低.流体临界分离导致钨、锡矿化;流体CH_4、CO_2逃逸和大气降水热液混入导致铜矿化.黑云母花岗岩的侵入活动导致了成矿流体的聚集,而粉砂质板岩有利于成矿流体封闭,致使二者接触带成为有利的成矿和找矿部位.     

南岭地区成钨、成锡花岗岩组合的几个判别标志

南岭地区钨锡多金属成矿作用和区内中酸性-酸性花岗岩有着密切的成因联系。利用已发表的和野外收集的地质资料,本文尝试对区内成钨锡花岗岩组合(包括与钨锡矿相关的含钨锡花岗岩和成钨锡花岗岩)进行宏观地质判别。判别过程采用循序渐进的方式,首先将成钨锡花岗岩组合与不成矿花岗岩相区别,然后将含锡花岗岩和含钨花岗岩互相区别开来。相对于不成矿花岗岩,成钨锡花岗岩组合通常具有W、Sn、F、B化探组合异常、多期多阶段演化特点、适度的构造叠加(即存在明显的热液活动)等共同特点,且三者缺一不可。不成矿花岗岩一般具有W、Sn、F、B化探组合为背景值,岩性单一,少见晚期岩株、岩脉(演化不充分)及蚀变的特征。在野外地质工作中,含锡花岗岩一般为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-二云母花岗岩岩性组合。基性端元以普遍发育暗色微粒包体、常见角闪石、含较多的黑云母为鉴别特征。酸性端元中可以含有少量白云母。而含钨花岗岩以黑云母二长花岗岩-二云母花岗岩-白云母花岗岩岩性组合为主,常见含B矿物电气石,基性端元少见或不见角闪石、含较少的黑云母,仅见变质岩、围岩捕掳体和黑云母团块,酸性端元白云母含量较高等组合特征可以与含锡花岗岩相区别。     

黑龙江金厂金矿流体地球化学特征

通过对黑龙江省金厂金矿床内包裹体的研究,对比不同矿化程度岩石中包裹体特征,认识到矿化程度与岩浆-流体的演化程度有密切的关系。矿化主要为黄铁矿化,还见有黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、毒砂等硫化物矿物,主要呈脉状、条带状及浸染状产出。矿化程度高的钻孔岩芯内,包裹体类型发育完整,流体包裹体、熔融包裹体、熔-流包裹体均有发现。进一步研究发现,矿化与岩浆的结晶分异作用、流体的沸腾作用及流体的混合作用关系密切。分异作用使成矿物质得到富集,沸腾与混合作用使矿质进一步富集并沉淀析出。     

In-situ LA–ICP-MS trace elemental analyses of magnetite: The Mesozoic Tengtie skarn Fe deposit in the Nanling Range,South China

The Nanling Range in South China hosts numerous world-class W–Sn deposits and some Fe deposits. The Mesozoic Tengtie Fe skarn deposit in the southern Nanling Range is contemporaneous with the regional Sn mineralization. The deposit is composed of numerous ore bodies along the contacts between the late Paleozoic or Mesozoic carbonate rocks and the Yanshanian Lianyang granitic complex. Interaction of the magma with hosting dolomitic limestone and limestone formed calcic (Ca-rich) and magnesian (Mg-rich) skarns, respectively. The Tengtie deposit has a paragenetic sequence of the prograde stage of anhydrous skarn minerals, followed by the retrograde stage of hydrous skarn minerals, and the final sulfide stage. Magnetite in the prograde and retrograde skarn stages is associated with diopside, garnet, chlorite, epidote, and phlogopite, whereas magnetite of the final stage is associated with chalcopyrite and pyrite. Massive magnetite ores crosscut by quartz and calcite veins are present mainly in the retrograde skarn stage. Laser ablation ICP-MS was used to determine trace elements of magnetite from different stages. Some magnetite grains have unusually high Ca, Na, K, and Si, possibly due to the presence of silicate mineral inclusions. Magnetite of the prograde stage has the highest Co contents, but that of the sulfide stage is extremely poor in Co which partitions in sulfides. Magnetite of magnesian skarns contains more Mg, Mn, and Al than that of calcic skarns, attributed to the interaction of the magma with compositionally different host rocks. Magnetite from calcic and magnesian skarns contains 6–185 ppm Sn and 61–1246 ppm Sn, respectively. The high Sn contents are not due to the presence of cassiterite inclusions which are not identified in magnetite. Instead, we believe that Sn resides in the magnetite structure. Regionally, intensive Mesozoic Sn mineralization in South China indicates that concurrent magmatic–hydrothermal fluids may be rich in Sn and contribute to the formation of high-Sn magnetite. Our study demonstrates that trace elements of magnetite can be a sensitive indicator for the skarn stages and wall-rock compositions, and as such, trace elemental chemistry of magnetite can be a potentially powerful fingerprint for sediment provenance and regional mineralization.     

南岭中段九嶷山锡矿田W、Sn迁移形式与沉淀机制

在野外地质研究的基础上,借助流体包裹体和地球化学热力学方法研究了九嶷山锡矿田W,Sn的迁移形式。研究结果表明,钨在热液中主要以WO3CI^-,WO2Cl4^2-,HWO4^-和WO4^2-等氯-氧离子团的形式迁移;锡在热液中主要以SnCl2^o,SnCl3^-和SnCl4^2-形式迁移。钨锡矿床是在含矿热液由于温度、压力、pH,fO2和fS3降低等综合作用,W,Sn配合物发生化学解析作用形成。