甘肃北山小西弓—红旗山地区中新生代变形构造及其形成机制

本文通过ＴＭ影像解释和野外验证，论证了研究区内近ＥＷ向构造带除在前中生代遭受了强烈的近ＳＮ向挤压变形外，还在中新生代叠加了脆－韧性和韧性两期近水平右扭剪切变形以及一期脆性变形，形成了现今的挤压带、剪切带和脆性断裂叠加的复杂构造格局。文中还对各期变形的最大主压应力方位、变形时代以及构造形成机制和演化进行了探讨。     

弱变形域成矿及其地质意义

控制热液矿床的成矿构造可分为两大类,一类是由构造动力破坏(构造致裂)为主形成的成矿构造——简称构造型成矿构造,另一类是由流体动力破坏(液压致裂)为主形成的成矿构造——简称流体型成矿构造。在分解变形构造场中,构造型成矿构造一般受控于面型强变形带(P域),而流体型成矿构造一般受控于构造透镜体弱变形域(Q域)。通过对典型控矿构造透镜体系统的解析,认为在韧性域与脆–韧性域,剪切带可以通过变形分解形成由面型强变形带组成的成矿场与由透镜状弱变形域组成的成矿场。当剪切带分别处于韧性、脆–韧性及脆性域时,强变形成矿场在韧性变形条件下不成矿,而在脆–韧性及脆性变形条件下则成矿;弱变形成矿场在韧性域与脆–韧性域时成矿,而在脆性域时则不成矿。上述既有联系又有差别的两类成矿场的对比研究,不仅有助于矿床建模、成矿预测与成矿构造、矿床成因等的深入研究,而且有助于将构造动力、流体动力、成矿构造、成矿流体等要素有机统一,建立构造透镜体型成矿系统;有助于揭示变形分解作用、液压致裂作用、构造泵吸作用三者之间的耦合关系,丰富成矿构造学的研究内容。     

江苏东海地区韧性剪切作用

东海片麻岩杂岩区变形变质作用具长期复杂的演化史，发育多条多期次不同性质活动的韧性剪切带。在剖析了榴辉岩构造变形序列，片麻岩构造变形序列的基础上，结合图面分析，建立了东地区构造变形序列，划分了九个期次的变形。     

金山金矿田构造变形特征及其模拟实验

金山金矿田岩石遭受了三期不同性质的构造变形，这三期的造变形对金矿体的形成起着决定作用。其中第二刖期韧性剪切变形阶段形成了矿田主要的控矿，容矿构造，晚期脆性剪切变形阶段金矿体在韧性剪切带中定位。     

韧性变形带研究进展及其分类

在简述韧性变形带研究进展的基础上，重点讨论了韧性变形带分类，依据变形区域应力场型式，可以将韧性变形带划分出水平拉伸式、正断拉伸式、碰掸挤压式、逆冲推覆式，以及走滑式等五种基本类型。若从变形构造相色度出发，又可以将韧性变形带划分出四种类型，即构造片麻岩带、变晶糜棱岩带、（狭义）糜棱岩带和构造片岩带。     

桂东南那卜韧性剪切带的基本特征及形成机制

野外地质、几何学、运动学及构造应力场研究表明，桂东南卜韧性剪切带具两期活动性质：主期变形机制具右行走滑性质，而前期变形机制以压扁作用为主。通过野外调研和室内综合分析，详细论述了该韧性剪切带的构造样式、岩石组合、显微组构以及韧性变形过程中的岩石转变等，并初步探讨了韧性剪切带的应变、形成环境和变形机制。     

秋格时塔什—黄山韧性剪切带构造变形序列

运用构造解析方法和应变测量与显微构造分析方法，研究了秋格明塔什－黄山声望生剪切带的构造样式，建立了其变形序列。该带依次经历了：（１）中深部构造层次的紧闭同斜褶皱作用；（２）中深部构造层次的顺层（片）韧性剪切变形；（３）中部构造层次的右行走滑脆－韧性剪切变形；（４）中浅构造层次的膝折作用。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗巴润萨拉北东向强变形带的构造特征及其形成环境

摘要：内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区发育一条北东向的较大型强变形带,经历了自海西晚期至燕山早期的３个韧性变形序列,其中,印支晚期为主变形期,发育强烈的韧性剪切带,呈现强应变带与弱应变域交织的格局,有先左行后右行的韧性压剪变形特点。该剪切带形成于温度约２２０℃、围压约２７０ＭＰａ,距地面约１１ｋｍ的地壳深部。燕山晚期本区以脆性构造为主,断裂构造发育。海西和印支构造奠定了本区的主要构造格局。     

甘肃北山小西弓－红旗山地区中新生代变形构造及其形成机制

本文通过ＴＭ影像解译和野外验证，论证了研究区内近ＥＷ向构造带除在前中生代遭受了强烈的近ＳＮ向挤压变形外，还在中新生代叠加了脆－韧性和韧性两期近水平右扭剪切变形以及一期脆性变形，形成了现今的挤压带、剪切带和脆性断裂叠加的复杂构造格局。文中还对各期变形的最大主压应力方位、变形时代以及构造形成机制和演化进行了探讨。     

内蒙古大青山北公益明—高家村逆冲型韧性变形带特征及其地质意义

公益明—高家村韧性变形带发育太古代花岗绿岩带与高级区接触带附近,在空间上呈近东西方向展布,是由北向南逆冲型韧性变形带。该韧性变形带遭受两期韧性变形作用改造,早期发生在地壳深部构造层次上角闪岩相条件下,以韧性变形机制为主。晚期变形作用发生地壳中浅部构造层次上,以韧脆性变形作用为主。韧性变形带内主要构造岩为构造片岩,是以新生的片状、纤状矿物为主的构造岩。宏观与微观不对称流动组构表明,韧性变形带运动方向为由北向南逆冲。韧性挤压逆冲变形作用发生太古代晚期,是由北部花岗绿岩带与南部高级区相互拼贴碰撞有关。     

鞍山附近“樱桃园组”的构造样式及其时代讨论

本文区分了“樱桃园组”岩石在元古主构造旋回的三幕变形,详细描述了各幕SFL组合和按区段进行了投影。主变形幕D₁的构造最发育,F₁控制着本区的岩性分布。构造序列及样式变化显示由高塑性向脆性的变形格式。本组与下伏的太古鞍山群变粒岩在构造序列、样式和变质相上都有显著差异,过去许多地质学家把二者混划为一个单位,统名“鞍山群”,属太古宙。但本组与上覆的辽河群(上元古)的构造样式和变质相却相似,故其时代相当于早元古Ferrian期。     

Deformation history of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe assemblage in the eastern block of the North China Craton

The Paleoproterozoic Liaohe assemblage and associated Liaoji granitoids represent the youngest basement in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. Various structural elements and metamorphic reaction relations indicate that the Liaohe assemblage has experienced three distinct deformational events (D₁ to D₃) and four episodes of metamorphism (M₁ to M₄). The earliest greenschist facies event (M₁) is recognized in undeformed or weakly deformed domains wrapped by the S₁ schistosity, suggesting that M₁ occurred before D₁. The D₁ deformation produced small, mostly meter-scale, isoclinal and recumbent folds (F₁), an associated penetrative axial planar schistosity (S₁), a mineral stretching lineation (L₁) and regional-scale ductile shear zones. Concurrent with D₁ was M₂ metamorphism, which occurred before D₂ and produced low- to medium-pressure amphibolite facies assemblages. Regionally divergent motion senses reflected by the asymmetric F₁ folds and other sense-of-shear indicators, together with the radial distribution of the L₁ lineation surrounding the Liaoji granitoids, imply that D₁ represents an extensional event. The D₂ deformation produced open to tight F₂ folds of varying scales, S₂ axial crenulation cleavages and ENE-NE-striking thrust faults, involving broadly NW–SE compression. Following D₂ was M₃ metamorphism that led to the formation of sillimanite and cordierite in low-pressure type rocks and kyanite in medium-pressure rocks. The last deformational event (D₃) formed NW-WNW-trending folds (F₃), axial planar kink bands, spaced cleavages (S₃), and strike–slip and thrust faults, which deflect the earlier D₁ and D₂ structures. D₃ occurred at a shallow crustal level and was associated with, or followed by, a greenschist facies retrograde metamorphic event (M₄).The Liaohe assemblage and associated Liaoji granitoids are considered to have formed in a Paleoproterozoic rift, the late spreading of which led to the occurrence of the early extensional deformation (D₁) and the M₁ and M₂ metamorphism, and the final closing of which was associated with the D₂ and D₃ phases of deformation and M₃ and M₄ metamorphism.     

Polymetamorphism of ores in Precambrian stratiform massive sulfide deposits at Ambaji-Deri,Western India

Massive stratiform zinc-lead-copper sulfide ores, in association with cordierite-anthophyllite rocks, occur in adjacent localities of Ambaji and Deri, in Western India. The metasedimentary country rocks, interlayered with amphibolites and intruded by acidic to intermediate plutonic rocks, belong to the Precambrian Delhi Supergroup. The ore minerals identified by detailed mineragraphic studies include: sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite (both monclinic and hexagonal phases), magnetite, ilmenite, rutile, arsenopyrite, molybdenite, cubanite, mackinawite, boulangerite, gudmundite, meneghinite, lautite, tenantite, native bismuth, native silver, chalcocite and covellite. The common sulfide-silicate schistosity in the ores, flowage of sulfide streaks and tails around rotated poikiloblasts and in their pressure shadow region developed during early folding (F₁) and regional metamorphism of the rocks under green schist facies condition. These were superimposed by a pervasive hornfelsic fabric involving sulfides and silicates and including microfabrics due to annealing and grain growth in sulfides, during a subsequent phase of low pressure thermal metamorphism and related tectonism (F₂). Finally certain deformation features and some uncommon fabrics like martensitic lamellae in galena and subgrains in sphalerite developed during a mild deformation episode (F₃) in the waning stages of tectonism in the area. Compositional change in the ores during thermal metamorphism was minimal.     

辽宁省本溪北台铁矿的构造控制规律——运用构造解析解决找矿问题的一个实例

本溪北台铁矿为产于太古宙鞍山群中的BIF.矿体形态、产状均甚复杂.构造解析表明,这种复杂性是由于经受了至少三期构造变形所引起的.本文在详细剖析各期构造变形及其对铁矿体的控制规律的基础上,提出了深部找矿方向,已得到实践验证,经济效果显著.     

Geometry of sheath folds and related fabrics at the Luikonlahti mine,Svecokarelides, eastern Finland

The Luikonlahti Cu-Co-Zn sulphide ore deposit is hosted by metasediments associated with serpentinites in the 1.97 Ga old Outokumpu assemblage in the Svecokarelides of eastern Finland. Polyphase deformation of the host rocks, a history shared by the ore body, includes a phase of sheath fold propagation. A modified vergence rule, utilizing only the intersection geometry of planar fabric elements, permits recognition of these extremely curvilinear folds in poorly exposed terrain. The detailed geometry of these rocks is independently resolved from borehole and underground stope records. Sheath fold propagation occurred during D₂, the second phase of regional deformation. In the Kaavi district D₂ major structures are either thrusts or thrust-related. The Luikonlahti sheaths are located in a steeply dipping shear zone formed during this deformation episode.     

Structural genesis of the Eunsan and Moisan low-sulphidation epithermal Au–Ag deposits, Seongsan district, Southwest Korea

The Seongsan district in the Jindo–Haenam basin of southwest Korea comprises Precambrian gneissic basement, overlain and intruded by Cretaceous volcanic (98–71 Ma) and plutonic (86–68 Ma) rocks, respectively. Haenam Formation volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks are the dominant rock type exposed in the district and are the main host to high-sulphidation (82–77 Ma) and low-sulphidation (79–73 Ma) epithermal deposits. The Eunsan and Moisan low-sulphidation epithermal deposits have similar vein mineralogy, zoned hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages, structural framework and interpreted deformation events. These similarities suggest that they formed by district-scale hydrothermal fluid flow at about 77.5 Ma. At this time, ore fluid movement along subvertical WNW-trending faults was particularly focussed in dilatant fault bends, jogs, and at intersections with N-trending splays. At Eunsan, Au–Ag ore shoots coincide with these areas of structural complexity, whereas at Moisan, narrower ore zones correspond with several parallel, poorly connected veins. A secondary control on the location of ore zones is the intersection between mineralised WNW-striking structures and rocks of the Haenam Formation. The higher permeability and porosity of these rocks, in comparison with mudstones and siltstones of the underlying Uhangri Formation, resulted in the more efficient lateral migration of ore fluids away from subvertical faults and into wall rocks. The intersection between subvertical WNW-striking faults and the gently dipping Haenam Formation imparts a low angle SW plunge to both ore bodies. WNW-striking post-mineralisation faults displace ore zones up to 100 m and complicate the along-strike exploration and mining of WNW-trending ore zones. Future exploration strategies in the district involve the systematic testing of WNW-trending mineralised structures along strike from known deposits, with a particular emphasis on identifying structurally complex areas that experienced local dilation during the mineralisation event. Poorly exposed regions have historically been under-explored. However, based on the proposed exploration model for the Eunsan and Moisan deposits, these areas of poor outcrop are now considered important target areas for hidden ore bodies using ground-based geophysical exploration tools, such as seismic surveys.     

辽宁辽阳地区辽河群酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

辽宁省辽阳地区出露有大面积的古元古代辽河群地层,在辽河群里尔峪组及高家峪组中识别出一套酸性火山岩。本文通过对酸性火山岩同位素年代学及地球化学研究,用以限定辽河群形成时代,并进一步探讨其形成的动力学背景。这套酸性火山岩岩性包括流纹岩、变流纹质含角砾凝灰岩、角岩化流纹岩和弱硅化流纹岩,对其中6件样品利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法测年。CL图像显示辽河群酸性火山岩中的锆石均具典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U比值,显示为岩浆锆石。锆石U-Pb年龄可分为3期:2190~2180Ma、2110~2100Ma、1970~1960Ma,结合其中存在继承锆石的结果认为辽河群至少存在3期岩浆活动,将辽河群形成时代限制于2.19~1.96Ga,其形成时代大约持续了230Myr左右。野外接触关系的观察及酸性火山岩的年代学特征从另一个方面揭露辽河群总体为一套无序、局部有序的构造地层,各岩组间不存在上下关系。前人研究表明"辽吉花岗岩"形成年龄为2.16Ga,通过野外观察其与辽河群之间均为构造接触。D1442-1和D1444-2两个样品锆石U-Pb测年结果为2180±12Ma、2190±13Ma,均略早于"辽吉花岗岩",结合其与辽河群野外关系,认为"辽吉花岗岩"应该不是作为沉积基底,而是与辽河群为同一构造运动的产物。辽河群流纹岩Al_2O_3含量16.33%~16.90%,K_2O含量4.62%~4.77%,K_2O+Na_2O含量5.97%~7.54%,含铝指数(A/CNK)比较高为1.27~1.50,为过铝质岩石,显示富铝、高钾特征。此外流纹岩轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有明显的负铕异常,亏损Ba、Sr、Ti,较高的Zr及(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)含量、10000Ga/Al比值等特点都显示为A型花岗岩,说明其形成于地壳减薄环境。本文在辽河群中识别出一套酸性火山岩与前人在南辽河群识别出的变质流纹岩组成了酸性端元(2201~1960Ma),同时期存在的基性火成岩(2198~1869Ma)为基性端元,证明了辽河群"双峰式火山岩"的存在,暗示辽河群形成于伸展拉张环境。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干马尔洋岩组的厘定及控矿意义

塔什库尔干大型铁矿成矿带位于昆仑造山带西段,原岩恢复表明该区含铁岩系主要为一套双峰式火山岩碎屑岩碳酸盐岩建造组合,岩石普遍遭受绿片岩相变质和多期构造变形。本文报道了在老并一带变安山岩中获得的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb同位素年龄值(603±10)Ma,并结合前人年龄数据,将原划古元古界布伦阔勒岩群的含铁岩系厘定为震旦系寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组(Z 1m),其内发育典型的双峰式火山岩组合,证实了区内震旦纪早寒武世仍处于拉张伸展背景,变质火山沉积组合特征表明其形成于大陆边缘裂谷构造环境。含铁岩系典型的膏(钡)铁建造很可能为新元古代晚期“Marinoan雪球”冰期后地球系统变化的火山沉积响应。     

Structural history of the Arthur Lineament,northwest Tasmania: An analysis of critical outcrops

The Arthur Lineament of northwestern Tasmania is a Cambrian (510 ± 10 Ma) high‐strain metamorphic belt. In the south it is composed of metasedimentary and mafic meta‐igneous lithologies of the ‘eastern’ Ahrberg Group, Bowry Formation and a high‐strain part of the Oonah Formation. Regionally, the lineament separates the Rocky Cape Group correlates and ‘western’ Ahrberg Group to its west from the relatively low‐strain parts of the Oonah Formation, and the correlated Burnie Formation, to its east. Early folding and thrusting caused emplacement of the allochthonous Bowry Formation, which is interpreted to occur as a fault‐bound slice, towards the eastern margin of the parautochthonous ‘eastern’ Ahrberg Group metasediments. The early stages of formation of the Arthur Lineament involved two folding events. The first deformation (CaD₁) produced a schistose axial‐planar fabric and isoclinal folds synchronous with thrusting. The second deformation (CaD₂) produced a coarser schistosity and tight to isoclinal folds. South‐plunging, north‐south stretching lineations, top to the south shear sense indicators, and south‐verging, downward‐facing folds in the Arthur Lineament suggest south‐directed transport. CaF₁ and CaF₂ were rotated to a north‐south trend in zones of high strain during the CaD₂ event. CaD₃, later in the Cambrian, folded the earlier foliations in the Arthur Lineament and produced west‐dipping steep thrusts, creating the linear expression of the structure.     

滇东北会泽地区南红玛瑙产出特征及成因分析

会泽地区的南红玛瑙矿主要产于上三叠统飞仙关组的中上部砾岩层、上二叠统宣威组底部砾岩层以及晚二叠世峨眉山组杏仁状玄武岩中。玛瑙新鲜面多为红色、浅红色及灰白色;呈椭球状或扁球状分布于砾岩之中,分布不均匀,局部富集;玛瑙砾石大小不一,玛瑙粒径多集中在0.5~5 cm,偶见大于6 cm。会泽地区的南红玛瑙矿形成可分为三个阶段：1）晚二叠世时期,玄武质火山岩（P₃e）中的含硅质热液在晚期充填于玄武岩气孔或裂隙中,经过（快速）冷却形成隐晶质石英或晶质石英集合体——玛瑙,即原生玛瑙;2）晚二叠世晚期的华力西运动和印支运动早期的地壳继续隆升,使得含玛瑙玄武岩遭受风化-剥蚀作用,两次剥离出来的玛瑙单体经流水搬运作用及河湖相沉积作用,形成宣威组（P₃x）、飞仙关组（T₁f）含玛瑙砾石层——沉积砾岩型玛瑙矿产;3）近-现代地质作用,使得二叠纪玄武岩气孔中原生玛瑙和宣威组、飞仙关组沉积砾岩层中的次生玛瑙砾石,再次受到风化-剥蚀作用,玛瑙砾石经流水搬运至现代河流或湖泊中,形成次生玛瑙砂矿。