对EOP(GSFC)96R01中极偏移序列的分析(英文)

分析了１９７９年８月至１９９６年１月之间由ＭａｒｋⅢＶＬＢＩ时延资料得到的ＩＡＵ１９８０章动模型在经度（δψ）和交角（δε）方向的偏移序列,得到了对ＩＡＵ１９８０章动模型中主项系数的改正,并检测了自由地核章动。计算步骤依照常规资料处理方法设计,并采用了一些分析技巧以便充分利用资料的整个时段和减小端部效应对参数解的影响。对拟合残差序列的进一步分析表明,自由地核章动是统计显著的,但其参数尤其是其振幅可能具有时变性质,表现为在经度和交角方向自１９８６至１９９５年的持续减弱。     

对EOP（GSFC）96R 01中极偏移序列的分析

分析了１９７９年８月至１９９６年１月之间由ＭａｒｋⅢ ＶＬＢＩ时延资料得到的ＩＡＵ１９８０间动模型在经度（δψ）和交角（δψ）方向的偏移序列,得到了对ＩＡＵ１９８０章动模型中主项系数的改正,并检测了自由地核章动。计算步骤依照常规资料处理方法设计,并采用了一些分析技巧以便充分利用资料的整个时段和减小端部效应对参数解的影响。对拟合残差序列的进一步分析表明,自由地核章动是统计显著的,但其参数尤其是其振幅     

利用射电源位置残差解算章动系数的改正

章动序列的不准确引起春分点和黄赤交角的变化，直接影响到射电源的赤经、赤纬。利用IRIS网五天一组的VLBI观测资料，我们解算了定组观测的13颗射电源的赤经、赤纬，从射电源的位置残差解算出黄经章动和交角章动的改正，并估算了章动周年项（365.3天）和半年项（182.6天）的系数改正及自由核章动的振幅。     

关于章动序列计算中的地球动力学扁率的取值

刚体地球章动序列和非刚体地球章动的转换函数都和地球动力学扁率有关。ＩＡＵ１９８０章动理论中采用了一个不一致的地球动力学扁率值,从而影响了章动振幅的计算。本文介绍了章动序列计算中地球动力学扁率的取值。由地球模型１０６６Ａ或ＰＲＥＭ得到的地球动力学扁率值比由岁差观测得到的约小１％,并且不可靠。当考虑体静力学平衡被破坏时新的地球物理模型,可得到与岁差常数相一致的地球动力学扁率值。地球动力学扁率值Ｈ＝０．     

自由波核章动的光学和新技术检测

本文应用当今最高精度的经典仪器光学观测资料、新技术的综合观测资料和单一的ＶＬＢＩ观测资料检测了自由液核章动，得到其周期为４１５—４１８天，分析了其运动形态为逆向的圆周运动，并计算了其振幅为亚毫秒级．     

关于天球参考报

章动序列计算和地球定向参数测定需要一个中间的天球参考极作参照，1984年，采用IAU1980章动理论，选取天球历书极作为参考极，利用改善岁差章动模型和由天文测地新技术确定地球定向参数实现的天球历书极，其精度可达0．1mas，随着理论和观测精度的提高，在微角秒量级下，章动和极移模型中周日和半周日成分分应被考虑，地球定向参数的高频成分已被测定，因此天球历书极的原先定义不再适用，需要更改，叙述了不同天球参考极的概念，天球历书极的定义，评述了天球历书极目前实现及其缺陷，介绍了新的天球参考极－天球中间极的定义及其实现。     

自由液核章动的光学和新技术检测

本文应用当今最高精度的经典仪器光学观测资料，新技术的综合观测资料和单一的ＶＬＢＩ观测资料检测了自由液核章动，到了其周期为４１５－４１８天，分析了其运动形态为逆向的圆周运动，并计算了其振幅为亚毫秒级。     

地球动力学扁率及其与岁差章动的关系

由岁差常数求得的日月岁差是天文学的重要参数之一,它和地球动力学扁率相联系。地球动力学扁率在章动理论的计算中也是一个重要的物理量。介绍了由不同的观测方法和模型给出的地球动力扁率值,并讨论了它也岁差的关系和对章动计算的影响。在刚体地球章动振幅的计算中,地球动力学扁率值起着尺度因子的作用,要改善刚体地球章动振幅的计算,需要修改目前的黄经总岁差值。非刚体地球章动的转换函数中所采用的简正模和常数都直接或间接地依赖地球动力学扁率值。在IAU1980章动理论中,计算刚体地球章动振幅所使用的地球动力学扁率值计算转换函数中简正模频率和常数所使用的地球动力学扁率值并不一致。随着观测和计算精度的提高,地球动力学扁率值的不一致将影响章动振幅的计算。在建立刚体地球章地动理论中,如何解释地球动力学扁率值的差异,如何选取地球动力学扁率值,还有待进一步的研究。     

用Hamilton方法计算弹性地球的章动序列

本文利用Hamilton方法研究弹性地球自转运动，采用地球模型PREM参数，给出了形状轴的章动序列．结果表明我们的方法是可行的，计算是可靠的．弹性地幔对地球章动的影响仅在毫角秒量级上，它相对液核对地球竟动的影响要小得多．     

1953—1961年期间以FK5为参考的中国地极坐标系统

1984年开始，天计算中采用FK5基本星表和新天常数，这些变动直接影响了经典光学仪器观测确定的地极坐标。本论述基本星表和天常数变动后，对1953－1961年期间中国地极坐标系统的影响，结果表明星表系统差对地极坐标最大影响约0.″02，章动系列变动的最大影响约为0.″02，光行差常数变动的最大影响为0.″1。     

Dynamics of the Earth’s core from VLBI observations

The Earth’s rotation is accompanied by free circadian oscillations of its liquid core in the inner cavity of the lower mantle, which perturb the angular momentum of the entire Earth and produce an additional free nutation of the celestial pole called free core nutation (FCN). Since this nutation causes resonances in the diurnal tides and in the expansions of luni—solar nutation, its study, especially an improvement of the FCN period, is of fundamental importance for the theory of the Earth’s rotation. We have determined the FCN parameters from a joint analysis of equidistant series of coordinates of the celestial pole obtained from the combined processing of VLBI observations on global networks of stations for the interval 1984.0–2008.4 by IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service, Paris, France) and NEOS (National Earth Orientation Service, Washington, USA). Applying a moving least-squares filter (MLSF) to these data has shown that the FCN period averaged over this time interval differs significantly from the theoretical one and its phase varies over a wide range. Using the mean quadratic collocation (MQC) method, we have obtained a new, more accurate stochastic FCN model. Its analysis by the envelope method has revealed long-term linear phase trends, calling into question not only the adopted FCN period but also its stability and, hence, the stability of the resonant effects in the Earth’s luni—solar nutation.     

An Abridged Model of the Precession–Nutation of the Celestial Pole

Precise astrometric observations show that significant systematic differences of the order of 10 milliarcseconds (mas) exist between the observed position of the celestial pole in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) and the position determined using the International Astronomical Union (IAU) 1976 Precession (Lieske et al., 1977) and the IAU 1980 Nutation Theory (Seidelmann, 1982). The International Earth Rotation Service routinely publishes these 'celestial pole offsets', and the IERS Conventions (McCarthy, 1996) recommends a procedure to account for these errors. The IAU, at its General Assembly in 2000, adopted a new precession/nutation model (Mathews et al., 2002). This model, designated IAU2000A, which includes nearly 1400 terms, provides the direction of the celestial pole in the ICRF with an accuracy of ±0.1 mas. Users requiring accuracy no better than 1 mas, however, may not require the full model, particularly if computational time or storage are issues. Consequently, the IAU also adopted an abridged procedure designated IAU2000B to model the celestial pole motion with an accuracy that does not result in a difference greater than 1 mas with respect to that of the IAU2000A model. That IAU2000B model, presented here, is shown to have the required accuracy for a period of more than 50 years from 1995 to 2050.     

Improved nutation series for the non–rigid earth with a precise adjustment of parameters with nonlinear dependence

In this paper, the previous nutation series corresponding to the rotation of a non‐rigid earth composed of a rigid mantle and a liquid core obtained by Getino and Ferrándiz in 1997 are notably improved by using a high performance data fitting method. This method can be applied to many other problems presenting a non‐linear dependence on the free parameters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

极移的地震激发研究

本文采用Harvard目录中1977－1994年间的地震有关参数，及Dahlen计算的地震引起地球惯量矩的变化有关公式，得到由地震引起的极移要比观测值小2个量级．单个地震引起的极漂移呈现随机特性，但它的累积效应却表现出长期的变化，地震引起激发极的运动方向趋向于130—150°E，它与观测极漂移的方向相反．本文这一分析结果将随着观测技术的不断改进及观测精度的提高而得到证实．当考虑地球液核效应时，地震也可能对地球液核自由章动产生影响．我们的分析表明，大地震的这一影响与VLBI检测出的结果相比较，它在观测精度以下．     

Considerations concerning the non-rigid Earth nutation theory

This paper presents the reflections of the Working Group of which the tasks were to examine the non-rigid Earth nutation theory. To this aim, six different levels have been identified: Level 1 concerns the input model (giving profiles of the Earth's density and theological properties) for the calculation of the Earth's transfer function of Level 2; Level 2 concerns the integration inside the Earth in order to obtain the Earth's transfer function for the nutations at different frequencies; Level 3 concerns the rigid Earth nutations; Level 4 examines the convolution (products in the frequency domain) between the Earth's nutation transfer function obtained in Level 2, and the rigid Earth nutation (obtained in Level 3). This is for an Earth without ocean and atmosphere; Level 5 concerns the effects of the atmosphere and the oceans on the precession, obliquity rate, and nutations; Level 6 concerns the comparison with the VLBI observations, of the theoretical results obtained in Level 4, corrected for the effects obtained in Level 5.Each level is discussed at the state of the art of the developments.     

New Trends in the Development of the Lunar Physical Libration Theory

A review of the modern state of the lunar libration theory is presented. A significant progress in the lunar investigation is achieved due to the simultaneous processing of results of the satellite Doppler tracing and of the lunar laser ranging. The data evidencing existence of a small iron core in the Moon are discussed. In this connection, the further development of the theory of rotation of the Moon presents the study of internal structure and dynamics of a lunar body. A model of a two-layer Moon can have a very advanced application to explain some observed phenomena and to be as a first approach in the modelling of internal processes determining the lunar rotation.     

Motion of the Earth's inner core and related variations of polar motion and the rotational velocity

Correlations between the geomagnetic field parameters and polar motion were explained using the hypothesis of an inner core motion. For a number of periodic constituents of both phenomena it could be proved that this model works well. Secular variations of polar motion caused by inner core dynamics are in the same order of magnitude as the secular variation of the pole derived from pole coordinates of the International Latitude Service (ILS).