一种基于小波熵的时间尺度算法

结合小波分析和熵的基本理论,在分析国际原子时TAI的基础上,提出了基于小波熵的时间尺度算法．通过对原子钟信号进行多尺度分解,根据能量划分,综合所有尺度的小波系数得到小波熵,然后利用小波熵对原子钟进行加权．最后,通过某实验室的实测数据对算法进行了检验,结果表明:这种方法能够综合各原子钟信号在不同尺度上的频率波动特征,明显提高了时间尺度的稳定度．     

星载GPS卡尔曼滤波定轨算法

利用卡尔曼滤波定轨算法，处理神舟4号星载GPS伪距实测资料，重点在于研究卡尔曼滤波中模型误差方差矩阵的选取准则，GPS信号中断或连续野值对递推滤波的影响，如何自主监控滤波的运行状态，即是正常还是趋于发散，目的在于评价该算法用于星上自主定轨长期平稳运行的可靠性．     

基于小波分析的脉冲星信号消噪处理

脉冲星信号是一种典型的非平稳信号,且信噪比非常小．目前对脉冲星信号的处理仅局限于对脉冲星信号不同周期的迭加．根据脉冲星信号的特点采用小波消噪的方法对其进行处理,并对小波的选取和分解层数的优化进行了研究．结果表明小波阈值消噪能够对脉冲星信号实现噪声剔除,达到既净化信号,又不丢失高频有用信息的目的．从而实现了迭加较少的信号周期就能够获得与较长时间迭加相似或更好的效果,可以大大提高脉冲星观测的轮廓精度．     

原子钟信号的神经网络模型

时间尺度的连续性要求对原子钟信号进行必要的预测,预测的实质是建立一个模型来逼近原子钟的信号,前向神经网络具有良好的副近非线性 函数的能力,用神经网络模型来预测原子钟信号,并与AD模型的预测结果作了比较。     

GPS近实时共视观测资料处理算法研究

GPS共视资料的高精度快速处理可实现近实时共视时间传递，常见的平滑方法不能满足近实时共视的要求。分析GPS共视资料特点，设计一种卡尔曼滤波算法，对共视资料进行近实时处理，以便削弱观测噪声，估计异地钟差，对相距2000多公里的中国科学院国家授时中心(NTSC)与日本通信综合研究所(CRL)，和相距1000多公里的CRL与韩国计量科学研究院(KRIS)的共视观测资料处理结果表明：卡尔曼滤波算法所得钟差与根据BIPMT公报所得钟差的均方根误差分别优于2．9ns和2．6ns，为进一步提高比对精度，最后对近实时共视应用于多站点间相互比对的情况，提出在卡尔曼滤波算法基础上使用间接观测平差处理技术，根据共视网络中站点间距离设置观测权值，通过解矛盾方程组得到两站钟差，以NTSC、CRL和KRIS3站比对为例，以BIPMT公报得到的钟差为标准，对间接观测平差处理前后的数据比较表明，近实时比对精度可进一步提高。     

星地无线电双向时间比对模型及试验分析

星地时间同步是卫星导航系统的一个关键技术,是实现卫星导航定位的基础.针对星地时间同步问题,讨论了一种星地无线电双向时间比对方法,详细推导了该方法中星地上下行伪距的归算模型,给出了星地钟差的实用计算模型.该方法通过上下行伪距求差.消除了对流层延迟,卫星星历误差和地面站站址坐标误差等共有误差影响,与信号频率有关的电离层延迟也被很大程度地削弱,从而大大提高了时间比对精度.最后,利用实测数据进行了试验分析,结果表明:星地无线电双向时间比对精度能够达到约0.34ns,验证了理论方法和模型的正确性.     

卫星测地中最小二乘估计递推算法的误差分析

本文就卫星测地情形,对最小二乘估计的递推算法进行误差分析。结果表明,在目前的卫星测地中可以采用该方法,从而可大大节省存贮量和计算量,而又不明显降低估计精度。     

北斗系统测站钟差短期预报模型比较及其在单星定轨中的应用

北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)地面跟踪站都配置有高精度的氢原子钟,并基于精密定轨数据处理与主站的时间基准进行同步.在卫星轨道机动以及机动恢复期间,通常采用几何法定轨以及单星定轨确定卫星的轨道.而在这两种定轨模式中,需要提供精确的测站钟差作为输入.为提高定轨的实时性,需要对测站钟差进行预报处理.分析了2次多项式模型、附加周期项模型、灰色模型3种模型对北斗地面跟踪站钟差短期拟合和预报的性能,并将钟差预报结果应用于单星定轨,同时还分析了不同预报钟差用于定轨的精度.试验发现,以上3种模型对6个测站钟差的平均拟合精度分别为0.14 ns、0.05 ns、0.27 ns,预报1 h的平均精度分别为1.17 ns、0.88 ns、1.28 ns,预报2 h的平均精度分别为2.72 ns、2.09 ns、2.53 ns.采用3种模型对测站钟差进行预报并用于单星定轨,采用附加周期项的钟差预报模型轨道3维误差最小,不同模型轨道径向精度差异在3 cm以内.以上结果表明,附加周期项的站钟拟合及预报模型在北斗系统机动期间的轨道恢复数据处理具有最好的效果.     

小波分析理论在GPS技术中的应用

在GPS数据处理中 ,存在着误差影响、影响波的干扰、周跳和数据量大等问题。误差影响和影响波的干扰实质是在接收卫星信号时受到其它因素的影响 ;周跳是由于卫星信号的失锁而造成信号的不连续 ;数据量大是因为GPS观测需要采样间隔小又连续观测所致。由于小波理论具有时频分析、波形分解、特征提取和快速小波变换等特性 ,应用小波变换和波形分解可以解决误差影响和影响波的干扰的问题 ;应用特征提取可以解决周跳检测问题 ;应用快速小波变换可进行数据压缩     

小波分析理论在GPS技术中的应用

在GPS数据处理中，存在着误差影响、影响波的干扰、周跳和数据量大等问题。误差影响和影响波的干扰实质是在接收卫星信号时受到其它因素的影响；周跳是由于卫星信号的失锁而造成信号的不连续；数据量大是因为GPS观测需要采样间隔小又连续观测所致。由于小波理论具有时频分析、波形分解、特征提取和快速小波变换等特性，应用小波变换和波形分解可以解决误差影响和影响波的干扰的问题；应用特征提取可以解决周跳检测问题；应用快速小波变换可进行数据压缩。     

一种时间尺度算法的稳定度分析

介绍了国际权度局时间频率分部的ALGOS原子时算法的原理，并提出了建立在小波分解基础上的一种新的时间尺度算法，它可以提取原子钟在不同频率范围内的不同稳定度，实验结果表明：根据此算法建立的小波分解原子时稳定度优于一般的算法。     

Wavelet Analysis: the effect of varying basic wavelet parameters

The most commonly used methods to analyse (observed) quasi-periodic signals are standard techniques such as Fourier and wavelet analysis. Whereas a Fourier transform provides information on the dominant frequencies, wavelet analysis has the added advantage of providing the time localisation of the various frequency components. The usefulness and robustness of wavelet analysis is investigated by varying the different parameters which characterise the `mother' wavelet. We examine the effect of varying these parameters on the temporal and frequency resolution and the damping profile, which can be obtained from the wavelet transform. Additionally, the effect of a changing periodicity on the wavelet transform is investigated. Both simple harmonic functions and intensity oscillations observed by TRACE are used to demonstrate the various advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. In general, using the Paul wavelet or a smaller value of the wavelet parameter k provides a better time resolution, whereas the Morlet wavelet or a larger value of k improves the frequency resolution. Overall, our results indicate that great care is needed when using a wavelet analysis and that all the possible factors that could affect the transform should be taken into consideration.     

Astronomical time series analysis in South Africa

This review is essentially a bibliography. In the first part, work done locally on period-finding methods is discussed. Some of the topics referred to are: periodogram significance testing, identification of non-sinusoidal periodicities, and computational shortcuts useful for calculating periodograms of large data sets. A number of aspects of period-finding in ray astronomy are briefly mentioned: these include various test statistics for the presence of a periodicity, the influence of oversampling on significance levels, estimation of the pulse shape, and the specification of a flux limit in the case of a non-detection. The second part of the review deals with the analysis of stochastic astronomical time series. Topics dealt with are ARMA modelling, Kalman filtering, problems associated with O-C analyses, and continuous time ARMA modelling. Two aspects of bivariate astronomical time series are touched on, namely time domain transfer function modelling and the estimation of the lag between two irregularly observed series.     

综合脉冲星时的小波分析算法

由单脉冲星定义的脉冲星时受几种噪声源的影响,为削弱这些影响得到一种更稳定的时间尺度,采取将多颗脉冲星定义的单脉冲星时进行综合的分析方法得到综合脉冲星时．用两种方法:经典加权算法和小波分解算法,对PSRB1855 09和PSR B1937 21两颗脉冲星进行综合计算并做出比较,经典加权算法无法兼顾脉冲星不同频率上的稳定度,而用小波分析的方法对PSR B1855 09和PSR B1937 21两颗脉冲星进行综合,能够有效抑制不同频率上噪声的影响,达到更好的效果．     

North and South Hemispheric Solar Activity for Cycles 21 – 23: Asymmetry and Conditional Volatility of Plage Region Areas

We study the dynamic evolution of the time series describing the plage regions areas observed daily at the Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra, in each one of the solar hemispheres during solar cycles 21?–?23. The classical ARMA model has proven to be insufficient to describe the time variations seen in the data because of the strong conditional variability. We found that the data are well fitted by ARMA mixed with power-δ TGARCH error models. The power index δ is non-integer; this property has recently been introduced in the literature on time-series analyses and indicates the presence of strong volatility and long memory in the data series. We also detected dynamic asymmetry in the plage region areas observed in the two hemispheres when two different temporal models were obtained to fit them. The finding of a dynamic asymmetry is also supported by the dynamic evolution of the daily difference (north–south) time series, which is significantly different from white noise. This statistical modeling of time series, taking into account new and different characteristics of the solar activity, will be very useful in subsequent forecast developments.     

An algorithm for detecting and estimating cycle slips in single-frequency GPS

An algorithm for detecting outliers and cycle slips in single-frequency GPS using a 3rd order polynomial model of the Kalman filter and for estimating the ambiguity by using optimal wavelet is presented in this paper. It is applicable to the carrier phase measurement with sample rate of one per second. The results of calculation with the GPS data aboard satellite Topex on 1995 June 22 show that the algorithm is so efficient that it can accurately estimate the ambiguity even for signals interrupted by a few seconds.     

Wavelet entropy and the multi-peaked structure of solar cycle maximum

Wavelet analysis of different solar activity indices—sunspot numbers, sunspot areas and flare index—allows us to investigate the time evolution of some frequency dependent functionals, like wavelet entropy, which gives useful information about the complexity level of the related signals. The main aim of this work is the analysis of the time behavior of wavelet entropy near the maximum phases of solar cycles 21–22–23 in order to further contribute to the characterization of the multi-peaked structure of solar cycle maxima and to support the current interpretation of the so-called Gnevyshev gap.     

一种高精度时间同步器的研制与性能测试

针对移动通信网络基站间需要建立高精度时间同步的需求,研制了一种具有高精度时间同步功能和高精度频率输出的时间同步器,并设计了相应的性能测试方法。测试结果表明,在同等条件下,不同时间同步器输出的1PPS平均同步精度优于5ns／d,24h内输出的频率准确度优于10^-12／s,其他各项指标基本合格,符合设计要求。     

VLBI观测信号相关处理中的小波保角变换

Daubechies小波可以表征为幂函数或e指数函数的形式 ,保持相关相位条纹的幅角不变。在VLBI观测信号相关处理过程中引入了小波分析方法 ,以探讨小波理论在VLBI技术中的应用特点。两个台站的VLBI观测信号经过时间补偿和干涉条纹旋转后 ,利用静态小波算法在线性空间中的保角变换特征可提取VLBI信号的干涉相位特征 ,并完整保留相位的时序关系。